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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aneuploids in Pearl millet (1970)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 1021-1022 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden von der Nachkommenschaft triploider PerlhirsePennisetum typhoides (2n=14) aneuploide, das heisst einfach-trisome, zweifach-, dreifach- und tetrasome Pflanzen isoliert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02114173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis breeding in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 63 (1982), S. 373-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Hybrid vigour ; Hybrid rice ; Heterosis ; Heterobeltiosis ; Standard heterosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Studies conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) during 1980 and 1981 have shown up to 73% heterosis, 59% heterobeltiosis and 34% standard heterosis for yield in rice. The latter was estimated in comparison to commercial varieties: IR36 and IR42 (yield 4–5 t/ha in wet season trials and 7–8 t/ha in dry season trials). Generally speaking, absolute yield was lower and extent of standard heterosis was higher in wet season than in dry season with some exception. Yields up to 5.9 t/ha (22% standard heterosis) in the wet season and 10.4 t/ha (34% standard heterosis) in the dry season were obtained. Most of the hybrids performed better in some season while some performed better in both seasons. Hybrids showed better lodging resistance although they were 5–10 cm taller. F1 hybrids had significant positive correlations with the parental traits viz., yield (r = 0.446), tillering (r = 0.746), height (r = 0.810) and flowering (r = 0.843). Selection of parents among elite breeding lines on the basis of their per se yield performance, diverse origin and resistance to insects and diseases should give heterotic combination. Yield advantage of hybrids was due primarily to increase in number of spikelets per unit area even though tiller number was reduced. Grain weight was either the same or slightly higher. High yielding hybrids also showed significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for total dry matter and harvest index. For commercial utilization of heterosis in rice, effective male sterility and fertility restoration systems are available and up to 45% natural outcrossing on male sterile lines has been observed. Consequently, F1 rice hybrid have been successfully developed and used in China. Prospects of developing hybrid rice varieties elsewhere appear bright especially in countries that have organized seed production, certification and distribution programs and where hybrid seed can be produced at a reasonable cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303911
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic divergence among some maintainer and restorer lines in relation to hybrid breeding in rice (Oryza sativa L.) (1985)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 671-678 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetic diversity ; D2-analysis ; Heterosis ; Canonical analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A representative group of 100 elite lines, 67 of which are restorers and 33 maintainers, from 68 crosses made at IRRI and 18 improved varieties from five countries were studied, using Mahalonobis, D2-statistic and canonical analysis, to understand the nature and magnitude of divergence and to assess the importance of a set of quantitative characters related to yield in genetic differentiation. The 100 genotypes were grouped into 13 clusters. There were three single variety clusters and the number of lines in the remaining clusters ranged from 2–36. Canonical vector values indicated the importance of yield followed by 1,000-grain weight, days to maturity and plant height in primary as well as in secondary differentiation. Results showed that yield, number of tillers per plant, days to maturity and 1,000-grain weight contributed largely to the divergence. There were no indications of a relationship between geographical diversity and genetic diversity in the present study. Disposition of IRRI developed maintainers and restorers into various clusters indicated the presence of large amounts of diversity within the IRRI elite lines which suggested that these materials could be used in crossing programs to produce heterotic F1 hybrids. Crossing of maintainers and restorers among the highly diverse groups was suggested as it may produce F1S that will give higher magnitudes of heterosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252295
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic insect-resistant maintainer line (IR68899B) for improvement of hybrid rice (1999)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 18 (1999), S. 572-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Transgenic maintainer line ; cryIA(b) gene ; Insect resistant ; Hybrid rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heterosis has helped to increase rice yield in F1 hybrids by 15–20% beyond the level of inbred semidwarf varieties. For stable yield performance rice hybrids must also possess genetic resistance to biotic stresses. One of these, stem borer, reduces the expected yield of hybrid rice. The truncated synthetic cryIA(b) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis is known to be effective in controlling stem borer. The development of transformation techniques has provided the technology for incorporating this bacterial gene into the rice genome, which has not been possible by conventional breeding methods. We have introduced a new approach of using a transgenic maintainer line for developing an insect-resistant hybrid rice. An elite IRRI maintainer line (IR68899B) has been transformed with the cryIA(b) gene driven by the 35S constitutive promoter using the biolistic method. The integration and expression of the cryIA(b) gene could be demonstrated through Southern and Western blot analyses that have been carried out so far up to the T2 generations. Insect bioassay data showed an enhanced resistance to yellow stem borer in the Bt + transgenic plants. This is the first report of the development of a transgenic maintainer line for use in hybrid rice improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002990050624
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial DNA modifications associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in rice (1987)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 74 (1987), S. 666-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Cytoplasmic male sterility ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Plasmids ; Rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mitochondrial DNA was isolated from fertile and cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice. Restriction analysis showed specific modifications in the male sterile cytoplasm. In addition to the major mitochondrial DNA, three small plasmid-like DNA molecules were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in both cytoplasms. An additional molecule was specifically found in the sterile cytoplasm. These mitochondrial DNA modifications support the hypothesis of the mitochondrial inheritance of the cytoplasmic male sterility in rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288868
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of the Rf-3 nuclear fertility-restoring gene for WA cytoplasmic male sterility in rice using RAPD and RFLP markers (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Restorer gene  ;  Near-isogenic lines  ; Random amplified polymorphic DNA  ;  Molecular mapping  ;  Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of wild-abortive (WA) cytoplasm has been widely used for breeding hybrid rice. Two restorer genes for the CMS have been found by traditional genetic analysis. To tag the restorer genes we used a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of Zhenshan 97 carrying different genotypes for fertility restoration from IR24, to perform RAPD analysis. From the survey of 720 random primers, six RAPD markers were identified to be associated with Rf-3. Three of these OPK05-800, OPU10-1100 and OPW01-350, were mapped on chromosome 1. Two populations from the crosses between Zhenshan 97 A and a near-isogenic restorer line ZSR21 and between Zhenshan 97 A and IR24 were used for mapping Rf-3. The three RAPD markers and three RFLP markers, RG532, RG140 and RG458, were found to be closely linked to Rf-3 in the two populations. The same location of Rf-3 was also found in a population from the cross of IR58025 A//IR36/IR58025 B. At the RG532 locus, different alleles were found between two CMS lines, Zhenshan 97 A and IR58025 A, and between two restorer lines, IR24 and IR36. The use of these molecular markers closely linked to Rf-3 in facilitating the development of hybrid rice is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050377
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of rice germplasm: III. High-resolution fingerprinting of cytoplasmic genetic male-sterile (CMS) lines with AFLP (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 96 (1998), S. 941-949 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words AFLP ; Fingerprinting ; Genetic diversity ; Hybrid rice ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The cytoplasmic genetic male-sterile (CMS) lines developed at the International Rice Research Institute are valuable in producing tropical rice hybrids. Efficient use of CMS lines in hybrid rice production will depend on their level of genetic diversity. Aside from morphological characterization, molecular analysis based on DNA markers can provide information on the genetic diversity of the germplasm. The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) technique was used to fingerprint 71 CMS lines and four rice cultivars, ‘IR64’, ‘Azucena’, ‘IR74’, and ‘FR13A’. Eleven primer pair combinations specific to the enzymes PstI and MseI were used to generate 530 AFLP markers, 176 of which were polymorphic. Each CMS line revealed a distinct fingerprint. The AFLP marker-based dendrogram depicted genetic variation among the CMS lines. The CMS lines developed in japonica background grouped with ‘Azucena’, a japonica cultivar. None of the CMS lines clustered with ‘FR13A’, a flood-tolerant traditional indica variety. ‘IR64’ was found to be distinct from the other indica CMS lines and clustered with lines developed in its background. The grouping of CMS lines into a few groups is useful for breeders in selecting genetically diverse CMS lines for hybrid rice production and in avoiding test crossing every CMS line empirically. This study demonstrated that AFLP is a powerful and reliable tool in determining the genetic relationships and in producing distinct fingerprints of rice cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050824
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterosis in rice over environments (1990)
    Springer
    Euphytica 51 (1990), S. 87-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; rice ; heterosis ; heterobeltiosis ; standard heterosis ; heterosis x environment interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ten CMS (A) lines and their maintainers (B) and seven restorers (R) were used to make 70 crosses (A/R) and 70 reciprocals (R/B) following line x tester design. The 140 crosses and 17 parents (10 B + 7 R lines) were evaluated in six environments created by three nitrogen fertility levels (0, 60, 120 kg N/ha) and two seasons wet (WS) and dry (DS). Hybrids (both A/R and R/B) were superior to their parents in yield. Hybrids flowered earlier and were taller than the parents. Substantial heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were observed in different environments. Extent of heterosis was higher in WS (stress environment) than in DS (favorable environment). Twenty four hybrids outyielded the standard check (IR46) significantly. Most of them were derived from crosses with parental lines: IR54752A/B, IR58057A/B, IR46 and IR54. For days to flowering, the overall mean heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were all negative values. Heterosis for plant height did not change the plant type of hybrids from semi-dwarf to tall because the parents possessed same dwarfing gene. With proper choice of parents hybrids possessing higher yield potential, early maturity and semi-dwarf plant type can be developed for the tropics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022896
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomal location of fertility restoring genes for ‘wild abortive’ cytoplasmic male sterility using primary trisomics in rice (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 83 (1995), S. 169-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: rice ; Oryza sativa ; cytoplasmic male sterility ; fertility restoration ; chromosomal gene location ; primary trisomics ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Identification and location of fertility restoring genes facilitates their deployment in a hybrid breeding program involving cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) system. The study aimed to locate fertility restorer genes of CMSWA system on specific chromosomes of rice using primary trisomics of IR36 (restorer), CMS (IR58025A) and maintainer (IR58025B) lines. Primary trisomic series (Triplo 1 to 12) was crossed as maternal parent with the maintainer line IR58025B. The selected trisomic and disomic F1 plants were testcrossed as male parents with the CMS line IR58025A. Plants in testcross families derived from disomic F1 plants (Group I crosses) were all diploid; however, in the testcross families derived from trisomic F1 plants (Group II crosses), some trisomic plants were observed. Diploid plants in all testcross families were analyzed for pollen fertility using 1% IKI stain. All testeross families from Group I crosses segregated in the ratio of 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+partially sterile: 1 sterile plants indicating that fertility restoration was controlled by two independent dominant genes: one of the genes was stronger than the other. Testcross families from Group II crosses segregated in 2 fertile: 1 partially fertile+ partially sterile: 1 sterile plants in crosses involving Triplo 1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 12, but families involving triplo 7 and triplo 10 showed significantly higher X2 values, indicating that the two fertility restorer genes were located on chromosome 7 and 10. Stronger restorer gene (Rf-WA-1) was located on chromosome 7 and weaker restorer gene (Rf-WA-2) was located on chromosome 10. These findings should facilitate tagging of these genes with molecular markers with the ultimate aim to practice marker-aided selection for fertility restoration ability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01678126
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 88 (1996), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: rice ; Oryza sativa ; hybrid rice ; thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) ; rice genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Inheritance of thermosensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) in Norin PL12 and IR32364TGMS and their allelic relationship were studied from F1, F2 testcross (TC) and F3 generations of the crosses made with the two mutants and several fertile tester parents. F2, TC and F3 segregation behavior for pollen and spikelet fertility indicated that the TGMS trait in the two mutants was controlled by a single recessive gene. Allelic relationship studies indicated that TGMS genes of the two mutants were different. Since TGMS gene in Norin PL12 has been designated as tms 2 , the TGMS gene present in IR32364TGMS is tentatively designated as tms 3 (t) until allelic test is done with another TGMS gene (tms 1 ) reported from China in a line 5460S seeds of which were not available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029259
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