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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    O,O,S-Trimethyl phosphorothioate induces hypothermia in Fischer 344 rats in a manner dependent on both doses and housing temperatures (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 67 (1993), S. 72-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: OOS-TMP ; Hypothermia ; Fischer 344 rats ; Housing temperature ; Toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We explored the effects of O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate (OOS-TMP) on body temperatures in Fischer 344 female rats. The 7-day LD50 p.o. for Fischer 344 female rats was found to be 11.8 mg/kg. OOS-TMP induced long-lasting (more than 48 h) and extensive hypothermia at doses 〉 14 mg/kg at a typical laboratory temperature (22° C) while it produced typical symptoms at 10 mg/kg without hypothermia. In contrast, pair-fed (to 20 mg/kg rats) rats (n=4) did not become hypothermic, negating any role of hypophagia in OOS-TMP associated hypothermia. We next investigated the effects of housing temperatures on toxicities at a LD50 dose (12 mg/kg). At 30° C (n=11) and 22° C (n=13), rats did not have hypothermic bouts but at 15° C, eight out of ten rats had. Evidence that changes of housing temperatures neither modified clinical symptoms nor changed mortality rates discards a possibility of hypothermia being involved in delayed toxicity. A novel result of the present study suggests that thermoregulation may be heavily impaired by a special class of organophosphorus compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02072039
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immature alveolar/blood barrier and low disaturated phosphatidylcholine in fetal lung after intrauterine exposure to O,O,S-trimethylphosphorothioate (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 63 (1989), S. 331-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: OOS-TMP ; Fetuses ; Lung development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intrauterine exposure to the potent lung toxicant OOS-TMP was found to result in neonatal lethality attributed to immature lungs (Koizumi et al. 1988). The present study was initiated to investigate biological/pathological profiles of such pulmonary immaturity. OOS-TMP was given p.o. to five pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats on gestation day (G) 19 at 2.5, 7 or 20 mg/kg. Control (N = 6) or pair-fed dams (N = 5: pair-fed to 20 mg/kg dams) received 2 ml/kg corn oil. On G 22, fetuses were delivered by Cesarean section. The biochemical maturity of lungs was assessed by glycogen content and production of disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), a major component of pulmonary surfactant. Mean DSPC content was significantly lower in fetuses from dams dosed at 7 or 20 mg/kg while mean glycogen concentration, in contrast, was 3- to 6-fold higher in those fetuses than fetuses from control or pair-fed dams. Pathological examination revealed that in fetuses delivered from dams dosed at 7 mg/kg or 20 mg/ kg, glycogen-rich cuboidal epithelial cells completely covered the terminal air space and alveolar/blood barriers stayed at the poorly developed stage. The stage of the pulmonary development in those fetuses was similar to those in fetuses on G19. Therefore it was concluded that intrauterine exposure to OOS-TMP delayed pulmonary development, thereby causing respiratory failure after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278648
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retroviral gene expression as a possible biomarker of aging (1993)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. S235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biomarker ; Dietary restriction ; Murine leukemia virus ; PCR ; Rate of aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined effects of aging on endogenous retrovirus gene expression of mouse lymphocytes with a hypothesis that it may be a useful biomarker of aging. Mice have endogenous murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) in their chromosomes. We detected the gene expression of long terminal repeats (LTRs) of MuLVs. Brains, livers and spleens were taken from young (3 months old) and old (27 months old) male C57BL/6 mice. In addition to these control (C) mice, we also determined gene expression in dietary restricted (DR) mice, in which rates of aging are known to be slowed. RNA was extracted from the tissues and converted into cDNA. The MuLV-LTR portion of cDNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Gene expressions of young mice were found to be tissue-specific. Expressed LTRs from brains, livers and spleens were that of 370 base-pairs (bp), those of 370 and 620 bp, and those of 370, 400 and 620 bp, respectively. Old mice of C group, however, decreased tissue specificity: expressed LTRs became those of 370–400 by in any tissues. In contrast the tissue specific gene expression was conserved in old DR mice which had to get prolonged life span and decreased lymphoma incidence. Thereby, gene expression of endogenous retroviruses appears to change during aging and to be modifiable by life-prolonging DR. It may be therefore used as a biomaker of aging in mice. Humans are known to have similar gene elements like MuLV. The present findings demonstrate a possibility of application of endogenous gene expressions to the epidemiology of aging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381349
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of an increased risk of hearing loss in heterozygous carriers in a Wolfram syndrome family (1998)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 103 (1998), S. 470-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Wolfram syndrome (MIM 222300) is characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. Previous linkage analyses in the United States and UK families have indicated that the gene for Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is localized on the short arm of chromosome 4. We herein confirm the linkage of the WFS locus to D4S3023 on 4p with a two-point LOD score of 3.42 in a large Japanese family with Wolfram syndrome. Multipoint linkage analysis revealed the maximum LOD score of 4.82 between D4S3023 and D4S394. We also evaluated putative health risks in carriers by multiple logistic analysis with independent variables, age, gender, and numbers of affected haplotypes and with dependent variables, such as hearing loss, diabetes mellitus, polyuria, incontinence, psychological illness, and visual acuity. The results showed that the putative disease haplotype increased a risk of hearing loss (odds ratio =35.68, 95% confidence interval =4.12–308.95) and diabetes mellitus (odds ratio =7.57, 95% confidence interval =2.03–28.23) independently. This is the first report of an increased health risk of illness in carriers, other than for psychiatric disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050852
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low blood glucose levels and small islets of Langerhans in the pancreas of calorie-restricted mice (1989)
    Springer
    Age 12 (1989), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-4647
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the present study we investigated the influence of long-term caloric restriction on blood glucose levels and the volume of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreases of mice. Thirty female F1 mice (SHN female × C3H male) were divided into two equal groups and raised for 11 months on either a slightly restricted “control” diet (95 Kcal per week) or a more severely restricted diet (50 Kcal per week), starting at time of weaning (4 weeks of age). These diets, designated as “isonutrient” (1), were designed so that both groups of animals received approximately equal amounts of minerals, proteins, fats and vitamins, but with carbohydrates adjusted to provide the desired calorie differences. Calorie-restricted animals (CR mice) were fed 3 days a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday) with the restricted diet at 9:00 a.m., while control animals (C mice) were fed the control diets at 9:00 a.m. every day from Monday to Friday. On Sunday any leftover food was removed from the cages at 9:00 a.m. and both CR and C animals were allowed to fast. Fasting blood glucose levels were determined in the blood collected between 9:00 and 10:00 a.m. in 12-month-old mice from both groups on Saturday and on Monday 8 days later, at which time the mice were sacrificed for histological examination. The Saturday morning blood glucose levels (in mg/100 ml of blood) were lower in CR mice than in C mice (112±12 in CR mice and 145±16 in the C mice: p〈0.01). A similar trend was noted in the Monday morning samples: 80±19 in the CR and 108±28 in the C mice. In agreement with the blood glucose trends, histological examination of the pancreases demonstrated that the volume of the islets of Langerhans were significantly smaller in CR mice (Geometric mean 76646 μ3/islet, Geometric Standard deviation 2.10) than in C mice (Geometric mean 235578 μ m3/islet, Geometric Standard deviation 3.81)(p〈0.01). We conclude that caloric restriction decreases not only blood glucose levels, but reduces volumes of the islets of Langerhans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02432371
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