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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of the Philadelphia translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in paraffin sections and identification of aberrant cells by a combined FISH/immunophenotyping approach (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 26 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Philadelphia translocation was demonstrated by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in decalcified paraffin sections of bone marrow from patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia. FISH was combined with immunocytochemical detection of different membrane-bound or cytoplasmic antigens. With this new technique, the cells bearing the 9;22 translocation can be identified morphologically, as well as immunocyto-chemically, in tissue sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1995.tb00250.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antegrader Fluss in der Aorta ascendens trotz Aortenatresie: Zwei Fallbeschreibungen mit retrograder Koronarperfusion durch koronare Fisteln und Sinusoide (2000)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 89 (2000), S. 502-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1285
    Keywords: Key words Aortic atresia –¶myocardial sinusoids – coronary¶fistulas ; Schlüsselwörter Aortenatresie – myokardiale Sinusoide –¶Koronarfisteln
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Vitien, die mit einer Aortenatresie einhergehen, erfolgt die Koronarperfusion in der Regel durch retrograden Blutfluss in der Aorta ascendens. Wir berichten über zwei Patienten mit antegradem Blutfluss in der Aorta ascendens trotz Aortenatresie: Bei einem Patienten mit hypoplastischen Linksherzsyndrom (Aortenatresie, hochgradiger Mitralstenose) wurde ein intaktes interatriales Septum (vorzeitiger Verschluss des Foramen ovale) gefunden. Während sich echokardiographisch und angiographisch keine anderen Wege einer linksatrialen oder -ventrikulären Dekompression fanden, zeigten sich bei der Autopsie linksventrikuläre, koronare Sinusoide als alleinige pulmonalvenös-aortale Verbindung zur Oxygenation des Körperkreislaufes. Bei einem zweiten Patienten mit komplexer kongenitaler Herzerkrankung einschließlich Aortenatresie fand sich ein antegrader Fluss in der Aorta ascendens durch eine Koronarfistel als Shuntfluss aus der Pulmonalarterie.¶   Hämodynamisch findet sich bei beiden Fällen eine Perfusion des Körperkreislaufs, die von einer retrograden Koronarperfusion bei koronararerio-venöser Fistel und myokardialen Sinusoiden abhängt und zu dem Phänomen eines antegraden Flusses in der Aorta ascendens trotz Aortenatresie führt.
    Notes: Summary In aortic atresia, coronary perfusion normally occurs through retrograde blood flow in the ascending aorta. We report on two patients with antegrade flow in the ascending aorta despite aortic atresia. In one patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (aortic atresia, severe mitral stenosis), an intact interatrial septum/premature closure of the foramen ovale was found. While no other way of left atrial or ventricular decompression was found, echocardiography, angiography and the post-mortem examination showed left ventricular to coronary sinusoids as the sole pathway for systemic oxygenation. In a second patient with complex congenital heart disease, including aortic atresia, antegrade flow in the ascending aorta was through a left coronary fistula with shunt flow originating from the pulmonary trunc.¶   This report describes systemic perfusion depending on retrograde coronary flow due to coronary-cameral (sinusoids) and coronary arterio-venous fistulas leading to the phenomenon of antegrade blood flow in the ascending aorta despite aortic atresia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003920070221
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement is undetectable in Hodgkin's lymphomas: results from the German Hodgkin trial (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 37-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Lymphoma ; Hodgkin's disease ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Immunohistochemistry ; Histological classification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ninety-one Hodgkin's lymphomas (HD), 52 non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and 33 specimens of non-neoplastic lymphatic tissues were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement. The majority of the HD cases were drawn from the files of the German Hodgkin trial where diagnoses are established by a panel of four independent histopathologists. Using the very sensitive PCR method which detected 1 positive among 10000 negative cells, the bcl-2/JH gene rearrangement was found in 7/52 NHL and 3/16 tonsils with follicular hyperplasia, but in none of the 91 HD. The bcl-2 protein, however, was expressed by malignant cells of B and T cell lymphomas and by the giant tumour cells in 2/13 HD lymphocyte predominant, 11/28 HD nodular sclerosing I, 14/17 HD nodular sclerosing II, 10/27 HD mixed cellularity and 3/3 HD lymphocyte depleted. The bcl-2/JH rearrangement is thus independent of protein over-expression, the latter being found in all types of lymphomas. Our results do not confirm the findings of others who have detected the bcl-2/JH rearrangement in HD. These discrepancies may be explained by differences in choice of material, the gene rearrangement actually occuring in bystander cells but not in Reed-Sternberg or Hodgkin cells, or by contamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194696
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Megakaryocytes carry the fused bcr-abl gene in chronic myeloid leukaemia: a fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis from bone marrow biopsies (1996)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1996), S. 561-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chronic myelogenous leukaemia ; Philadelphia chromosome ; FISH ; Megakaryocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histological examination of bone marrow biopsies shows that about one-third of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients exhibit an increase of megakaryocytes. The megakaryocytic predominance may be so striking that differentiation from other chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) may be difficult in some CML patients. Megakaryocytes in CML are clonal as demonstrated by loss of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. The Ph translocation, fusing the abl and bcr genes on chromosomes 9 and 22, however, obviously occurs as a second step in tumour development. So far, the Ph translocation has not been assigned explicitly to megakaryocytes. The question is whether the megakaryocytic cell lineage could harbour the bcr/abl fusion in those CML cases with striking proliferation of megakaryocytes but lack this genetic defect in cases with normal or decreased megakaryocyte counts. We therefore performed triple-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for portions of the bcr and abl genes flanking the breakpoint in CML in paraffin sections of CML cases with normal and with increased numbers of megakaryocytes. This method allows identification of the bcr/abl fusion in single, morphologically intact cells, whereas conventional cytogenetics requires lysis and thus destruction of the cell. Among the 21 CML patients examined by FISH, 10 were informative for bcr and abl genes and displayed distinct hybridization signals within nuclei of bone marrow cells. Besides the granulopoietic cells, megakaryocytes of all those patients (4 without and 6 with varying grades of megakaryocytic increase) displayed bcr/abl fusion signals indiciative of a Ph translocation. The lack of hybridization signals in the remaining 11 cases indicates that this technique is not of value diagnostically and should be reserved for scientific questions. Positive controls consisted of conventional chromosome preparations from bone marrow aspirates demonstrating the Ph chromosome in all patients examined, and negative controls of paraffin sections of bone marrow biopsies from non-CML patients. These showed no fusion signals in bone marrow cells, including megakaryocytes, using FISH. Our results demonstrate clearly that not only the transforming event but also the Ph translocation leading to the bcr/abl fusion happens prior to the differentiation of the pluripotent stem cell into different myeloid lineages. The megakaryocytic proliferation evident in some CML cases is probably a consequence of the disease progress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00202886
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the tumour-associated antigen TAG-12 by monoclonal antibody 7A9 in normal, benign and malignant mammary tissues (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 411-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Tumour-associated antigen ; Monoclonal antibody ; Breast carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody 7A9 was raised against the tumour-associated glycoprotein TAG-12 purified from T47-D breast carcinoma cells. In immunoblots from cytosol of T47-D cells and from sera of breast cancer patients, antibody 7A9 detects the high molecular weight mucin-like TAG-12 antigen. A series of paraffin sections of normal, benign and malignant mammary tissues have been studied with monoclonal antibody 7A9 and the immunoalkaline phosphatase method. In resting gland, proliferating gland and fibroadenoma ducts, reactivity of 7A9 was mainly restricted to luminal membranes of epithelial cells and secretions. 77/79 primary breast carcinomas including ductal, lobular and various other carcinoma types showed cytoplasmic and/or membrane-associated staining with 7A9 in most tumour cells. Metastases (31/31) from different sites were also positive. Strong immunoreactivity with single tumour cells was noted in cytological preparations from freshly resected breast cancer tissue. Thus, monoclonal antibody 7A9 seems to be very useful for the targeting of breast carcinoma cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605146
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of antigen retrieval by microwave heating in formalin-fixed tissue sections on a broad panel of antibodies (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 165-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Formaldehyde fixation of biopsy specimens for routine purposes has often been held responsible for the poor reproducibility of immunohistochemical studies. Recently, antigen retrieval (AGR) using microwave irradiation was described as a potential tool to enhance immunostaining. A comparison of conventional staining and staining after microwave heating was performed for 52 markers, using tissues fixed in formaldehyde for 24 h, 1 to 6 weeks and 3 years respectively, as well as consultant case material. After adequate duration of fixation (24 h), only a few markers (17%) showed better results after AGR, but this percentage was increased to 50% when tissues were fixed for longer periods. Maximal enhancement was obtained in the group of consultant cases (58% of tested markers demonstrated better staining results), in which the period of fixation and tissue processing was unknown. To achieve reliable enhancement with AGR, continuous heating (100° C) should not be shorter than 20 min. In conclusion, AGR may become the most important tool to simplify and equalize immunohistochemical techniques, if critically evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00268892
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aberrations of chromosomes 5 and 8 as recurrent cytogenetic events in anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid as detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation and comparative genomic hybridisation (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Anaplastic carcinoma ; Thyroid ; Cytogenetics ; CGH ; FISH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) is a technique which identifies gains and losses of DNA sequence copy number in tumours. We used CGH to search for genetic changes in one of the most aggressive malignancies – anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). For this purpose, we analysed tumour specimens of nine ATCs and DNA of two ATC cell lines. CGH detected aberrations in 10 of 11 samples, with a mean number of gains or losses per carcinoma of 4.8 (range 0–13). Total or partial changes of chromosome 8 (n=6), including gains or losses of 8p (n=6) or 8q (n=5) were those detected most frequently. Chromosome 5p was amplified in five cases. Gains in two of three samples were found for 3q, 7p, 11q and 20q. Gains in a fewer number were seen for 1p (1 case), 1q (1), 7q (2), 9q (2), 11p (2), 12q (1), 14 (1), 15 (1), 17q (2), 18p (2), 18q (1), 20p (1), 21 (2), Xp (2) and Xq (2). Losses were less frequent than gains and observed for 1p (2 cases), 1q (1), 2p (1), 2q (2), 3p (2), 3q (1), 4q (2), 6q (1), 9p (2), 9q (1), 18p (1), 18q (1) and Y (2). Examples of analysis of tumour sections and cell lines performed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) confirmed the gains and losses found by CGH and detected additional signals for 8q21 in tumour cells in a sample with no gains or losses normally in CGH. The results suggest that aberrations of 5p, 8p and 8q, which are rarely found in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, may play an important role in the development of ATC. Therefore, these chromosomes could harbour gene loci potentially involved in the aggressiveness of neoplastic tumours, as shown in tumours such as in this study for ATC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050452
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of postmortem changes on immunohistochemical reactions in skin (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Proteinase inhibitors ; Fibronectin ; Lysozyme ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The influence of postmortem damage of tissues on the immunohistochemical diagnosis of wound age has not as yet been clarified. We utilized antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors α-1-antichymotrypsin and α-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin and lysozyme to study samples of skin which had been intact intravitally, but were damaged postmortem either by autolysis or compression with a surgical clamp at the time of dissection. Even in the absence of autolysis, antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors and fibronectin exhibited staining of tissue margins. Autolysis caused an increase in false positive results. In contrast, antibodies against lysozyme did not give false positive staining. There were no antigens sensitive to postmortem clamping and false positive results were not observed. Antibodies against proteinase inhibitors are not useful for the diagnosis of wound age because of a high number of false positive reactions in marginal areas. Fibronectin also showed false positive band-shaped staining patterns at the tissue margin. In addition, autolytic processes increase the number of false positives. The antibody against lysozyme is much less sensitive to autolysis and no false positive reactions were observed in our series of tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00007690
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of postmortem changes on immunohistochemical reactions in skin (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Proteinase inhibitors ; Fibronectin ; Lysozyme ; Immunohistochemistry ; Autolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The influence of postmortem damage of tissues on the immunohistochemical diagnosis of wound age has not as yet been clarified. We utilized antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors α-1-antichymotrypsin and α-2-macroglobulin, fibronectin and lysozyme to study samples of skin which had been intact intravitally, but were damaged postmortem either by autolysis or compression with a surgical clamp at the time of dissection. Even in the absence of autolysis, antibodies against the proteinase inhibitors and fibronectin exhibited staining of tissue margins. Autolysis caused an increase in false positive results. In contrast, antibodies against lysozyme did not give false positive staining. There were no antigens sensitive to postmortem clamping and false positive results were not observed. Antibodies against proteinase inhibitors are not useful for the diagnosis of wound age because of a high number of false positive reactions in marginal areas. Fibronectin also showed false positive band-shaped staining patterns at the tissue margin. In addition, autolytic processes increase the number of false positives. The antibody against lysozyme is much less sensitive to autolysis and no false positive reactions were observed in our series of tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441020
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