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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanosensory Transduction in "Sensory" and "Motile" Cilia (1976)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 5 (1976), S. 39-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bb.05.060176.000351
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubergangsmetall-heteroallen-komplexe XXIII. Reaktionen des cluster-komplexes (thioketen)Fe2(CO)6 mit arsa-chelat-liganden
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 384 (1990), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-328X(90)87052-F
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ubergangsmetall-Heteroallen-Komplexe - XXVII. Bis(trifluormethyl)keten als Komplexligand
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 476 (1994), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Keywords: Carbene ; Iron ; Nickel ; Vanadium
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-328X(94)84146-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonic anhydrase is required for statoconia homeostasis in organ cultures of statocysts from Aplysia californica (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 177 (1995), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Aplysia ; Carbonic anhydrase ; Statoconia ; Organ culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A novel organ culture system has been developed to study the regulation of statoconia production in the gravity sensing organ in Aplysia californica. Statocysts were cultured in Leibovitz (L15) medium supplemented with salts and Aplysia haemolymph for four days at 17°C. The viability of the system was evaluated by examining four parameters: statocyst morphology, the activity of the mechanosensory cilia in the statocyst, production of new statoconia during culture and change in statoconia volume after culture. There were no morphological differences in statocysts before and after culture when ciliary beating was maintained. There was a 29% increase in the number of statoconia after four days in culture. Mean statocyst, statolith and statoconia volumes were not affected by culture conditions. The presence of carbonic anhydrase in the statocysts was shown using immunohistochemistry. When statocysts were cultured in the presence of 4.0 × 10−4 M acetazolamide to inhibit the enzyme activity, there was a decrease in statoconia production and statoconia volume, indicating a role for this enzyme in statoconia homeostasis, potentially via pH regulation. These studies are the first to report a novel system for the culture of statocysts and show that carbonic anhydrase is involved in the regulation of statoconia volume and production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00187478
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the Involvement of Carbonic Anhydrase and Urease in Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Gravity-Sensing Organ of Aplysia californica (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 247 -255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Calcium carbonate —Aplysia californica— Statoconia — Urease — Carbonic anhydrase.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. To better understand the mechanisms that could modulate the formation of otoconia, calcium carbonate granules in the inner ear of vertebrate species, we examined statoconia formation in the gravity-sensing organ, the statocyst, of the gastropod mollusk Aplysia californica using an in vitro organ culture model. We determined the type of calcium carbonate present in the statoconia and investigated the role of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease in regulating statocyst pH as well as the role of protein synthesis and urease in statoconia production and homeostasis in vitro. The type of mineral present in statoconia was found to be aragonitic calcium carbonate. When the CA inhibitor, acetazolamide (AZ), was added to cultures of statocysts, the pH initially (30 min) increased and then decreased. The urease inhibitor, acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), decreased statocyst pH. Simultaneous addition of AZ and AHA caused a decrease in pH. Inhibition of urease activity also reduced total statoconia number, but had no effect on statoconia volume. Inhibition of protein synthesis reduced statoconia production and increased statoconia volume. In a previous study, inhibition of CA was shown to decrease statoconia production. Taken together, these data show that urease and CA play a role in regulating statocyst pH and the formation and maintenance of statoconia. CA produces carbonate ion for calcium carbonate formation and urease neutralizes the acid formed due to CA action, by production of ammonia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900330
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac in the larva of the Japanese red-bellied newt Cynops pyrrhogaster (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 291 (1998), S. 549-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Endolymphatic sac ; Ultrastructure ; Fluid transport ; Otoconia ; Newt ; Cynops pyrrhogaster (Urodela)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The ultrastructure of the endolymphatic sac (ES) of the late stage larva of the Japanese red-bellied newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster (stage 57), was examined by light and transmission electron microscopy. The two endolymphatic sacs are located at the dorsal-medial side of the otic vesicle on the dorsal-lateral side of the midbrain in the cranial cavity. The wall of the sac is composed of a layer of cubical epithelial cells with loose, interposed intercellular spaces. The sac contains a large luminal cavity, in which endolymph and numerous otoconia are present. The epithelial cells of different portions of the sac have a similar structure. These cells contain an abundance of cytoplasmic organelles, including ribosomes, Golgi complexes, and numerous vesicles. Two types of vesicles are found in the epithelial cells: the “floccular” vesicle and the “granular” vesicle. The floccular vesicles are located in the supra- and lateral-nuclear cytoplasm and contain flocccular material. The granular vesicles have a fine granular substance and are usually situated apposed to the apical cell membrane. The granular vesicles are suggested to be secreted into the lumen, while the floccular vesicles are thought to be absorbed from the lumen and conveyed to the intercellular spaces by the epithelial cells. The apical surfaces of the epithelial cells bear numerous microvilli. Apparently floating cells, which bear long microvilli on the free surfaces, are observed in the lumen of the ES. Based on the fine structure, the function of the endolymphatic sac of the newt Cynops pyrrhogaster is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051024
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipopolysaccharide induces distinct alterations in the microtubule cytoskeleton of monocytes (2000)
    Springer
    Cell biology and toxicology 16 (2000), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6822
    Keywords: lipopolysaccharide ; lipid A ; microtubule ; cytoskeleton ; monocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microtubules are obligate functional elements of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are involved in a broad range of essential cellular functions and structural changes of this system may trigger cell death. Recently, we have reported that lipopolysaccharides inhibitin vitro microtubule formation due to exclusion of microtubule-associated proteins. The distinct epitopes of lipopolysaccharides responsible for these effects and thein vivo relevance of these data are unknown. Therefore, this study was conducted to elucidate the effects of lipid A, the biologically active motif of lipopolysaccharides, on microtubule formationin vitro and to prove whether lipopolysaccharides affect the microtubule architecture of cultured human monocytesin vivo. Despite a dose- and pH-dependent inhibition of microtubule formation by lipopolysaccharides, inhibition of microtubule assembly could be mimicked by lipid A. Near-infrared two-photon microscopy revealed that human peripheral blood monocytes accumulate lipopolysaccharides. A vesicular distribution pattern of lipopolysaccharides within the monocytes was observed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated alterations in the microtubule architecture of monocytes after incubation with lipopolysaccharides. Lipid A seems to be responsible for the observed crosstalk between lipopolysaccharides and microtubule proteins. Furthermore, our data indicate that lipopolysaccharides may affect the microtubule architecture in human monocytes after intracellular accumulation directly. Therefore, we conclude, that the microtubule cytoskeleton is an essential intracellular target for sepsis-relevant bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026754631964
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