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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilms on steel with antimicrobial peptides generated in situ (1999)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 52 (1999), S. 267-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract In batch and continuous fermentations, the reduction in corrosion of SAE 1018 mild steel and 304 stainless steel caused by inhibition of the reference sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) Desulfovibrio vulgaris by a protective, antimicrobial-producing Bacillus brevis biofilm was investigated. The presence of D. vulgaris produced a thick black precipitate on mild steel and a higher corrosion rate in batch cultures than that seen in a mono-culture of non-antimicrobial-producing Pseudomonas fragi K upon the addition of SRB to the aerobic P. fragi K biofilm. In continuous reactors, the polarization resistance R p decreased for stainless steel and increased for mild steel upon the addition of SRB to a P. fragi K biofilm. Addition of either 200 μg/ml ampicillin, chloramphenicol, or ammonium molybdate to batch and continuous reactors after SRB had colonized the metal was ineffective in killing SRB, as inferred from the lack of change in both R p and the impedance spectra. However, when ampicillin was added prior to SRB colonization, the growth of SRB was completely inhibited on stainless steel in continuous reactors. Prior addition of ampicillin was only able to delay the growth of SRB on mild steel in continuous reactors. External addition of the purified peptide antimicrobial agent gramicidin S prior to the addition of SRB also inhibited the growth of SRB on stainless steel in continuous reactors, and the SRB were also inhibited on stainless steel in both batch and continuous reactors by producing gramicidin S in situ in a protective biofilm when the gramicidin-S-overproducing strain Bacillus brevis 18 was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051520
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diversity in the New World Membracidae (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 38 (1993), S. 409-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.38.010193.002205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treehopper (Membracidae) alarm pheromones (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 387-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Aggregations of Vanduzeea arquata (Say) on Robinia pseudoacacia L., and Entylia bactriana (Germar), and Publilia concava (Say) on Ambrosia trifida were studied in the field and laboratory. Whole treehoppers were crushed on 8-mm diameter filter paper disks which were held by fine forceps 1 cm from ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/249387a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Convergence Patterns in Subsocial Insects (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 31 (1986), S. 369-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.31.010186.002101
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria in biofilms by expressing the antimicrobial peptides indolicidin and bactenecin (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 22 (1999), S. 167-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: engineered biofilms; biocorrosion; sulfate-reducing bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To identify novel, less-toxic compounds capable of inhibiting sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), Desulfovibrio vulgaris and Desulfovibrio gigas in suspension cultures were exposed to several antimicrobial peptides. The bacterial peptide antimicrobials gramicidin S, gramicidin D, and polymyxin B as well as the cationic peptides indolicidin and bactenecin from bovine neutrophils decreased the viability of both SRB by 90% after a 1-h exposure at concentrations of 25–100 μg ml−1. To reduce corrosion by inhibiting SRB in biofilms, the genes for indolicidin and bactenecin were expressed in Bacillus subtilisBE1500 and B. subtilis WB600 under the control of the constitutive alkaline protease (apr) promoter, and the antimicrobials were secreted into the culture medium using the apr signal sequence. Bactenecin was also synthesized and expressed as a fusion to the pro-region of barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Concentrated culture supernatants of B. subtilis BE1500 expressing bactenecin at 3 μg ml−1 decreased the viability of Escherichia coli BK6 by 90% and the reference SRB D. vulgaris by 83% in suspension cultures. B. subtilis BE1500 and B. subtilis WB600 expressing bactenecin in biofilms also inhibited the SRB-induced corrosion of 304 stainless steel six to 12-fold in continuous reactors as evidenced by the lack of change in the impedance spectra (resistance polarization) upon addition of SRB and by the reduction in hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide in batch fermentations with mild steel. A 36-fold decrease in the population of D. vulgaris in a B. subtilis BE1500 biofilm expressing bactenecin was also observed. This is the first report of an antimicrobial produced in a biofilm for in vivo applications and represents the first application of a beneficial, genetically-engineered biofilm for combating corrosion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900627
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring trichloroethylene mineralization by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 PR1 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract To analyze the extent of mineralization of trichloroethylene (TCE) without disturbing an actively growing biofilm, a minimal growth medium was formulated that reduces the concentration of chloride ions to the extent that the chloride ions generated from TCE mineralization may be detected with a chloride-ion-specific electrode. By substituting chloride salts with phosphates and nitrates, a chloride-free minimal medium was produced that yields a specific growth rate for Pseudomonas cepacia G4 PR1 which was 93% of that in chloride-ion-containing minimal medium. Furthermore, TCE degradation by resting cell suspensions was similar in both media (85% of 75 μM TCE degraded in 6 h), and complete mineralization of TCE was slightly superior in the chloride-free minimal medium (77% compared to 60% of 75 μM TCE mineralized in 6 h). In addition, indole-containing, minimal-medium agar plates were developed to indicate the presence of the TCE-degrading enzyme toluene ortho-monooxygenase (fire-engine-red colonies) as well as to distinguish this enzyme from other TCE-degrading enzymes (toluene dioxygenase and toluene para-monooxygenase).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164512
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trichloroethylene degradation and mineralization by pseudomonads and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 248-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  To examine the trichloroethylene (C2HCl3)-degrading capability of five microorganisms, the maximum rate, extent, and degree of C2HCl3 mineralization were evaluated for Pseudomonas cepacia G4, Pseudomonas cepacia G4 PR1, Pseudomonas mendocina KR1, Pseudomonas putida F1, and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b using growth conditions commonly reported in the literature for expression of oxygenases responsible for C2HCl3 degradation. By varying the C2HCl3 concentration from 5 μM to 75 μM, V max and K m values for C2HCl3 degradation were calculated as 9 nmol/(min mg protein) and 4 μM for P. cepacia G4, 18 nmol/(min mg protein) and 29 μM for P. cepacia G4 PR1, 20 nmol/(min mg protein) and 10 μM for P. mendocina KR1, and 8 nmol/(min mg protein) and 5 μM for P. putida F1. This is the first report of these Michaelis-Menten parameters for P. mendocina KR1, P. putida F1, and P. cepacia G4 PR1. At 75 μM, the extent of C2HCl3 that was degraded after 6 h of incubation with resting cells was 61%–98%; the highest degradation being achieved by toluene-induced P. mendocina KR1. The extent of C2HCl3 mineralization in 6 h (as indicated by concentration of chloride ion) was also measured and varied from 36% for toluene-induced P. putida F1 to 102% for M. trichosporium OB3b. Since C2HCl3 degradation requires new bio-mass, the specific growth rate (μmax) of each of the C2HCl3-degradation microorganisms was determined and varied from 0.080/h (M. trichosporium OB3b) to 0.864/h (P. cepacia G4 PR1).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050679
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal ions and chloramphenicol inhibition of soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 744-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Transcription of soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) of methanotrophs is tightly regulated by low concentrations of copper ions [Cu(II); e.g., transcription is completely repressed at copper concentrations higher than 0.86 μmol/g dry cell weight]. In addition to this genetic-level regulation, copper ions have been shown to inhibit the in vitro activity of sMMO from the type X methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) by inactivating only the reductase component of this enzyme (Green et al. 1985). In this study, in vitro sMMO inhibition by 12 metal ions and 10 medium ingredients was investigated for the first time using sMMO purified from the type II methanotroph Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. Cu(I) and Cu(II) decreased sMMO activity of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b by inhibiting not only the reductase but the hydroxylase component as well. Ni(II) also inhibited both enzyme components, but the inhibition was weaker than with copper ions. Zn(II) inhibited sMMO by lowering the activity of the hydroxylase only. Other transition metals such as Co(II), Mn(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) did not show considerable impact on sMMO activity. The inhibition mechanisms were not determined, but Ni(II) and Zn(II) aggregated the reductase component of sMMO, and Zn(II) also precipitated the hydroxylase component. Cu(II) caused the reductase to precipitate, but Cu(I) did not aggregate either sMMO component. The aggregated proteins could not be dissolved in the solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt. Little or no sMMO inhibition was observed with various medium components examined including glucose, methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfone, ammonium chloride, methylamine (at a 500 molar ratio of medium component to the hydroxylase), kanamycin, and isopropylthiogalactopyranoside (at a molar ratio of 50); however, chloramphenicol inhibited sMMO at a molar ratio of 50.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050757
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axenic aerobic biofilms inhibit corrosion of SAE 1018 steel through oxygen depletion (1997)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 48 (1997), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Corrosion inhibition of SAE 1018 steel by pure-culture biofilms of Pseudomonas fragi and Escheri-chia coli DH5α has been evaluated in complex Luria-Bertani medium, seawater-mimicking medium, and modified Baar's medium at 30 °C. In batch cultures, both bacteria inhibited corrosion three to six fold compared to sterile controls, and the corrosion was comparable to that observed in anaerobic sterile media. To corroborate this result, a continuous reactor and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to show that both P. fragi K and E. coli DH5α decreased the corrosion rate by 4- to 40-fold as compared to sterile controls; this matched the decrease in corrosion found with sterile medium in the absence of oxygen and with E. coli DH5α grown anaerobically. In addition, the requirement for live respiring cells was demonstrated by the increase in the corrosion rate that was observed upon killing the P. fragi K biofilm in continuous cultures, and it was shown that fermentation products do not cause an increase in corrosion. Hence, pure-culture biofilms inhibit corrosion of SAE 1018 steel by depleting oxygen at the metal surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051007
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring trichloroethylene mineralization by Pseudomonas cepacia G4 PR1 (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract To analyze the extent of mineralization of trichloroethylene (TCE) without disturbing an actively growing biofilm, a minimal growth medium was formulated that reduces the concentration of chloride ions to the extent that the chloride ions generated from TCE mineralization may be detected with a chloride-ion-specific electrode. By substituting chloride salts with phosphates and nitrates, a chloride-free minimal medium was produced that yields a specific growth rate for Pseudomonas cepacia G4 PR1 which was 93% of that in chloride-ion-containing minimal medium. Furthermore, TCE degradation by resting cell suspensions was similar in both media (85% of 75 μM TCE degraded in 6 h), and complete mineralization of TCE was slightly superior in the chloride-free minimal medium (77% compared to 60% of 75 μM TCE mineralized in 6 h). In addition, indole-containing, minimal-medium agar plates were developed to indicate the presence of the TCE-degrading enzyme toluene ortho-monooxygenase (fire-engine-red colonies) as well as to distinguish this enzyme from other TCE-degrading enzymes (toluene dioxygenase and toluene para-monooxygenase).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050551
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