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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (55)
  • Electronic Resource  (55)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and optical properties of ruthenium-related defects in silicon (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2495-2500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The electrical and optical properties of defects due to ion implantation of ruthenium in silicon have been studied by means of junction space-charge techniques. Two energy levels were observed with energy positions at Ec−0.184 eV (A-level) and EV+0.265 eV (B-level), respectively, at 77 K. The changes in enthalpy due to the capture of electrons and holes were −8 meV (A-level) and 1 meV (B-level). Gibb's free energies at different temperatures were calculated for both levels. Good agreement with the corresponding optical threshold energy was found for the B-level suggesting a small Frank–Condon shift. A tentative model for the origin of the observed defects is discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358778
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of optical properties of the deep sulfur center in silicon (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 5312-5317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectral distributions of the hole photoionization cross section of the deep sulfur center in silicon have been measured at 10 different temperatures within the range 75 K≤T≤297 K applying the steady-state photocurrent technique. Zero-phonon hole binding energies of the deep donor level have been determined at these temperatures by using a detailed numerical fitting procedure. The temperature dependence of the hole binding energy is well described by a novel analytical formula with a zero-temperature binding energy of 557 meV. Further analysis of our data resulted in a lattice adjustment energy (Franck–Condon shift) of 51 meV and an associated average phonon energy of 33 meV. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363469
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coulomb effects on charged, buried metal disks at room temperature (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2610-2612 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Capacitance transients caused by capture and emission of electrons from buried metal disks are investigated. A single layer of tungsten disks, arranged in a square lattice, is introduced into GaAs by epitaxial overgrowth and a depleted layer is formed around the disks due to the metal–semiconductor Schottky barrier. The number of captured electrons on each disk is measured by the capacitance associated with the width of the depletion layer, whereas the capacitance transients reflect the changes in the number of excess electrons on the disks. By investigating the emission time constants for varying numbers of electrons in excess on the disks, the Coulomb effect is studied. In combination with a temperature-dependent capture, a Coulomb charging energy of only 4 meV is shown to shift the measured activation energies erroneously by hundreds of meV. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121433
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Case study of an InAs quantum dot memory: Optical storing and deletion of charge (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 78-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied self-assembled InAs quantum dots embedded in an InP matrix using photocapacitance and photocurrent spectroscopy. These dots are potentially promising for memories due to the large confinement energy for holes. In this work we have realized simple quantum dot memory by placing the dots in the space–charge region of a Schottky junction. Our measurements reveal that a maximum of about one hole can be stored per dot. We also find that illumination for an extended period deletes the stored charge. We show that these limitations do not reflect the intrinsic properties of the dots, but rather the sample structure in combination with deep traps present in the sample. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1382628
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistent decrease of dark conductivity due to illumination in AlGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped heterostructures (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 5596-5601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on a persistent decrease of the dark conductivity in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures due to illumination. The decrease was observed for photon energies between 0.7 and 1.15 eV and larger than 1.4 eV in the temperature range 170〈T〈300 K. Using proper bias conditions the dark conductivity after illumination can be 20% smaller than the dark conductivity in thermal equilibrium. The studies have been performed on samples with different doping species and compositions. A possible model for the observed behavior is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355285
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proceedings of the International Haemophilia Prophylaxis Study Group Meeting, November 2003, Montreal, PQ, Canada (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01053.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of progressive and additive MRI scoring systems for evaluation of haemophilic arthropathy in children: Expert MRI Working Group of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Effective treatment of haemophilic arthropathy requires a detailed evaluation of joint integrity. Methodological assessment of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores are needed to assure reproducibility of measurements when comparing results of clinical trials conducted in different centres. We compared the reliability of two MRI scoring systems for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy: one progressive system that displays the most severe change and one additive system that depicts osteochondral and soft tissue-related changes. A total of 47 1.5 T MRI examinations of knees (n = 21) and ankles (n = 26) of 42 haemophilic boys, age range, 22 months to 18 years, performed at different centres (Toronto, n = 20, Europe, n = 12 and Denver, n = 15) were independently reviewed by four radiologists at two occasions. Twenty-two examinations were from children 〈9 years and 25 from children ≥9. Sagittal and coronal gradient-echo (MPGR, 3D FLASH with fat saturation, GRASS) images were obtained. The MRI examinations of the ankle and knee studies presented with osteochondral abnormalities in 38.5% and 23.8% of the cases respectively. The two scoring systems demonstrated an excellent inter-reader [progressive, 0.88; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.86] and intra-reader [progressive, 0.92; additive (A, e, s and h components), 0.93] reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Although ICCs were slightly higher for knees when compared with ankles, and for older children when compared with younger children, all values fell within excellent inter- and intra-reader reliability categories. The two MRI scoring systems demonstrated a comparable reliability. This result constitutes the basis for further development of a combined MRI scoring system for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy, which incorporates progressive and additive components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01097.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Compatible scales for progressive and additive MRI assessments of haemophilic arthropathy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  The international MRI expert subgroup of the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG) has developed a consensus for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scales for assessment of haemophilic arthropathy. A MRI scoring scheme including a 10 step progressive scale and a 20 step additive scale with identical definitions of mutual steps is presented. Using the progressive scale, effusion/haemarthrosis can correspond to progressive scores of 1, 2, or 3, and synovial hypertrophy and/or haemosiderin deposition to 4, 5, or 6. The progressive score can be 7 or 8 if there are subchondral cysts and/or surface erosions, and it is 9 or 10 if there is loss of cartilage. Using the additive scale, synovial hypertrophy contributes 1–3 points to the additive score and haemosiderin deposition contributes 1 point. For osteochondral changes, 16 statements are evaluated as to whether they are true or false, and each true statement contributes 1 point to the additive score. The use of these two compatible scales for progressive and additive MRI assessments can facilitate international comparison of data and enhance the accumulation of experience on MRI scoring of haemophilic arthropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01049.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical therapy and imaging outcome measures in a haemophilia population treated with factor prophylaxis: current status and future directions (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Haemophilia 10 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Routine infusions of factor VIII to prevent bleeding, known as prophylaxis, and other intensive therapies are being more broadly applied to patients with haemophilia. These therapies differ widely in replacement product usage, cost, frequency of venous access and parental effort. In order to address residual issues relating to recommendations, implementation, and evaluations of prophylaxis therapy in persons with haemophila, a multinational working group was formed and called the International Prophylaxis Study Group (IPSG). The group was comprised of haemophilia treaters actively involved in studies of prophylaxis from North America and Europe. Two expert committees, the Physical Therapy (PT) Working Group and the Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Working Group were organized to critically assess existing tools for assessment of joint outcome. These two committees independently concluded that the WFH Physical Examination Scale (WFH PE Scale) and the WFH X-ray Scale (WFH XR Scale) were inadequately sensitive to detect early changes in joints. New scales were developed based on suggested modifications of the existing scales and called the Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS) and the International MRI Scales. The new scales were piloted. Concordance was measured by the intra-class correlation coefficient of variation. Reliability of the HJHS was excellent with an inter-observer co-efficient of 0.83 and a test-retest value of 0.89. The MRI study was conducted using both Denver and European scoring approaches; inter-reader reliability using the two approaches was 0.88 and 0.87; test-retest reliability was 0.92 and 0.93. These new PT and MRI scales promise to improve outcome assessment in children on early preventive treatment regimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2004.00978.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MRI scores of ankle joints in children with haemophilia – comparison with clinical data (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Haemophilia 11 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Fifty-six ankle joints in 38 haemophilic boys were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the findings were classified according to both the Denver- and the European scoring schemes. The different MRI scores were compared with each other and with clinical data on number of joint bleeds and the orthopaedic joint score. MRI changes that were more advanced than a small effusion were found in 33 (59%) of the ankles and osteochondral changes were observed in 20 (36%). The total number of bleeds in individual ankles ranged from 0 to 80 (mean: 11). The orthopaedic joint score was 0 for 49 ankles and ranged from one to four for seven ankles. There was a significant and strong correlation between the assessment results obtained with the two MRI scoring methods (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.80 to 0.95, P 〈 0.001), and both types of MRI scores were weakly but significantly correlated with the clinical data on the number of joint bleeds and the orthopaedic joint score (correlation coefficients: 0.32–0.39, P 〈 0.01 or P 〈 0.05). MRI is useful for evaluating early joint changes in patients with haemophilia. The European scoring method differentiates the arthropathic changes further than the Denver scale does, but the two different scoring methods have similar correlation to the number of joint bleeds and the orthopaedic joint score.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2516.2005.01061.x
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