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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (30)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Throughout the world there is a trend towards retaining crop residues rather than burning them. For this reason, changes in soil chemistry and aggregation in a Vertisol induced by 59 years of burning or green cane harvesting with or without annual fertilizer applications were investigated. Crop residues were either burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues raked off (R1), burnt prior to harvest with the harvest residues left on the soil surface (R2), or left unburnt with all the trash left on the soil surface (R3). Concentrations of organic C in the surface 10 cm of soil increased with fertilizer applications and with increasing amounts of crop residue returned in the order R1 〈 R2 〈 R3. Fertilizer applications caused an accumulation of residual P in both inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) forms. A sequential P fractionation showed that fertilizer P accumulated in both labile and recalcitrant Pi and Po forms, and trash retention caused an accumulation of recalcitrant Po. Concentrations of K decreased in the unfertilized R1 and R2 treatments because K reserves were depleted. By contrast, there was an increase in the concentrations of K in the fertilized R3 treatment. The soil became more acid on the fertilized and, to a lesser extent, trash retention plots. We attribute this to nitrification and subsequent nitrate leaching. Acidification resulted in a loss of exchangeable Ca and Mg, a decrease in ECEC, and an increase in the concentrations of total and monomeric Al in soil solution, in exchangeable Al3+ and in the buffering reserve of non-exchangeable Al associated with organic matter. Aggregate stability was increased by increasing crop residues but decreased by fertilizer applications. The decrease was attributed to an increase in the proportion of exchangeable cations present in monovalent form due to applications of fertilizer K and leaching of Ca and Mg. We conclude that trash retention and annual fertilizer applications have substantial long-term effects on both organic matter status and soil pH and therefore on other soil chemical and physical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 112 (1991), S. 125-139 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper clears up some questions concerning type 0 modules over matrix near-rings and the ℐ0-radical in matrix near-rings. It is shown that, unlike in the type 2 case, type 0 modules over matrix near-rings may arise in several non-isomorphic ways. As a result, we do not always have the same “nice” relationship between the ℐ0-radicals of a near-ring and the corresponding matrix near-ring, as we do for the ℐ2-radical. All near-rings concerned are zero-symmetric with identity element.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 56 (1991), S. 137-139 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 63 (1994), S. 311-315 
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Ophthalmologe 94 (1997), S. 50-52 
    ISSN: 1433-0423
    Keywords: Key words rTPA ; Fibrin ; Eye ; Anterior segment ; Complications ; Schlüsselwörter rTPA ; Fibrin ; Auge ; Vorderabschnitt ; Komplikationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Seit einigen Jahren wird Gewebeplasminogenaktivator (rTPA) intraokular zur Behandlung persistierender Fibrinmembranen eingesetzt, ohne daß bisher nennenswerte Komplikationen beschrieben wurden. Wir berichten über unsere eigenen Erfahrungen beim Einsatz von rTPA im vorderen Augenabschnitt bei 25 Patienten. Über eine Parazentese wurden komplikationslos jeweils 25 µg rTPA (Actilyse, Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH) in die Vorderkammer gespritzt. Ein Rückgang des Fibrins war – wenn auch bei einigen Augen nur allmählich – in 21 Fällen zu verzeichnen. Als postoperative Komplikationen traten 2mal eine (beherrschbare) Nachblutung und 2mal eine irreversible oberflächliche Hornhauttrübung auf. Die Behandlung einer Fibrinmembran des vorderen Augenabschnitts mit rTPA stellt in vielen Fällen eine sinnvolle Ergänzung der lokalen Steroidgabe dar. Beunruhigend ist für uns jedoch das Auftreten von irreversiblen Hornhautkomplikationen, deren Pathogenese wir uns derzeit noch nicht erklären können. Aufgrund des eindeutigen zeitlichen Zusammenhangs müssen wir jedoch von einer kausalen bzw. toxischen Wirkung des rTPA selbst oder einer der Lösungskomponenten ausgehen.
    Notes: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is commonly used in patients with myocardial infarction. Recently, it has also been applied intraocularly to dissolve post-operative fibrin with no serious complications being reported so far. In this study we describe our own experience with rTPA in 25 patients with persisting fibrinous membranes in the anterior segment. rTPA (Actilyse, Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH) was given in a single dose of 25 µg and injected into the anterior chamber via a paracentesis. We did not encounter any complications during the injection of rTPA. In 21 eyes fibrin could be reduced significantly, albeit sometimes only slowly. In 13 patients, the membrane had dissolved almost completely by the following day. In contrast, no success was observed after glaucoma surgery (2 eyes) and in chronic iritis (1 eye), or when fibrin mixed with blood was treated (1 eye). There were two (controllable) post-operative hemorrhages (rTPA after vitrectomy, and for fibrin/blood after cataract surgery). In addition, we noted 2 cases of irreversible superficial corneal clouding (rTPA after cataract surgery). We conclude that injection of rTPA can be a useful addition to steroid treatment in selective cases of persisting fibrin in the anterior segment. Long-standing membranes, however, are unlikely to be dissolved. Care should also be taken and rTPA be avoided when there is evidence of recent bleeding. Most worrying to us were the corneal complications that we cannot explain to date. With regard to the definite time correlation we feel that rTPA or one of the solution components might be the cause of this unusual feature.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Imipramine ; Tricyclic Antidepressants ; Salivation ; Anticholinergic Activity ; Mood Change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A pilot study showed that single doses of imipramine (100 mg) produced a maximum reduction in salivation after 3 h which persisted for 72 h after drug. Effects after 3 h were reproducible in 3 subjects and differed from control levels on all 6 occasions of testing. A double-blind study in 6 subjects was then carried out to ascertain whether a dose response measured by salivary flow could be obtained for imipramine and dimethacrin, a developmental drug with fewer anticholinergic effects in animals. A further objective was to study the effects of both drugs on subjective feelings of mood, appetite, and dry mouth in order to make correlations between these effects and the anticholinergic activity. Results showed a linear log-dose response reduction in salivation for imipramine which differed significantly from placebo and dimethacrin. Significant changes on the Clyde Mood Scale in sleepiness and friendliness factors occurred only with imipramine, raising the question of whether there is a causal relationship between the central actions of imipramine and its anticholinergic activity. The significant decrease in friendliness with imipramine as compared to placebo suggests that anticholinergic activity is unlikely to be responsible for antidepressant effect, but may account for the drug's sedative action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 273-280 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In two groups of dogs, we studied average rates of gastric emptying of 0.15 M NaCl, 0.6 M glucose, or 0.04 M oleate liquid meals while gastric pressures were controlled by a barostat and compared this emptying to spontaneous gastric emptying of the same three meals. In the first group of dogs, this comparison was made before and after truncal vagotomy+pyloroplasty (TVP); and in the second group, before and after antrectomy, first with gastroduodenostomy (A-BI) and then with Roux-Y bypass (A-RY). Under barostatically controlled gastric pressures, gastric emptying of oleate and glucose remained slower than emptying of saline before as well as after TVP or A-BI and A-RY. However, all operations accelerated initial spontaneous emptying, compressing differences between half-emptying times of the three meals. We conclude postfundic resistances remain after TVP or antrectomy but may act too late to alter rapid initial emptying.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 31 (1986), S. 943-952 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized the dose-response of inhibition of gastric emptying by acid, glucose, and fat in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients and normals (N) matched by age and sex. Gastric emptying was measured by the George technique while intragastric pH was maintained constant by intragastric titration. Acid, glucose, and fat inhibited gastric emptying in a dose-dependent fashion in both groups. DU patients emptied all three types of meals faster than normals, but differences were only seen at the lower doses of glucose or with the less potent doses of acid and fat. With low concentrations of glucose and at all concentrations of acid, DU patients emptied the meals faster than normals only in the first 5 min; but with fat the differences persisted throughout the 30-min test. Differences in gastric emptying of liquid meals in DU patients vs normals are small, and they occur with nutrient as well as acid meals. The variable responses obtained with the different concentrations may explain the inconsistencies found by other workers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 30 (1985), S. 52-57 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined pancreatic polypeptide responses to isocaloric meals of radioactively labeled glucose or starch in six normal and seven vagotomized subjects. Liquid glucose meals were ingested with the subject both erect and supine and starch meals were ingested in the upright posture as a solution and as solid balls. In normal subjects, each meal left the stomach at a similar rate and the resultant pancreatic polypeptide responses were not significantly different from one another. Emptying rates varied markedly in vagotomized subjects depending upon the physical consistency of the carbohydrate ingested and the patient's posture. Despite these differences, pancreatic polypeptide responses to each meal were almost identical. These studies demonstrate that the pancreatic polypeptide response to carbohydrate meals is still present several years after vagotomy and is unaffected by alterations in the rate of gastric emptying after vagotomy and by the physical consistency and chemical nature of the carbohydrate ingested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 1097-1103 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: salivary amylase ; stomach ; pancreatic secretion ; humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract With an inhibitor assay technique rates of passage of salivary and pancreatic isoamylase through the jejunum were measured in six healthy volunteers after different liquid, intragastric meals. In all subjects and in 13/17 experiments, more than 2500 units of salivary amylase were passed over 200 postcibal minutes. Salivary amylase comprised 13.8±3.9% (X ±SEM) of the total amylase and appeared predominantly as single, distinct peak. The inhibitor method was validated by isoelectric focusing (r=0.988;P〈0.001;N=7). The frequency of detection of salivary amylase in gastric or jejunal samples fell as gastric pH fell below 3.0.In vitro, amylase was inactivated in gastric juice as pH fell between 3.8 and 3.3. Salivary amylase accounted for 11% of total amylase output in a normal and 27% in an achlorhydric subject after a hamburger meal. We conclude that amylase should not be measured in postprandial studies of pancreatic secretion in humans without correction for salivary amylase.
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