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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature midwavelength two-color infrared detectors with HgCdTe/CdTe multilayer structures by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4787-4789 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-color photoconductive detectors in the 3–5 μm wavelength range using multilayer undoped n-type Hg1−xCdxTe heterostructures have been demonstrated at room temperature. These heterostructures, consisting of three or four Hg1−xCdxTe layers separated with CdTe layers, were grown by the metal-organic chemical-vapor-deposition (MOCVD) technique. The quality of MOCVD films was verified by near-theoretical values of the minority-carrier lifetime at 300 K, ranging from 0.8 to 4.7 μs depending on the x value. The Hg1−xCdxTe layers are either detectors or filters, and the CdTe layers serve as insulating separators. The concept of using the exponential absorption tails of two Hg1−xCdxTe layers with different band gaps to form an absorption band was verified by the difference in the photoconductive spectral responses between backside and frontside illumination. Two different multilayer heterostructures with two-color peaks at 3.2/3.8 μm and 3.7/4.6 μm, respectively, were studied. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359759
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of V, Nb, Cr, and Zr substituted 2:17 compounds and their carbides using neutron diffraction : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4542-4544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Samples of Nd2Fe17−xTxCy with T=V, Nb, Cr, and Zr were prepared by melting of the constituent elements including C and studied by neutron diffraction. Comparing with their uncarbided counterparts, we found that the substituents transfer, more or less, from the 6c site to the 18f and 18h sites with the introduction of C atoms. This behavior appears to relate to the electronegativities between the C atoms and the early transition series elements because the 18f and 18h sites are near neighbors of the interstitial C site. However, the C effects in the V, Nb, Cr, and Zr samples are not as strong as those in Ti samples. SQUID measurements show that the Curie temperatures of these samples depend on both the interstitial C atoms and the substituents. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365421
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-quality p - type Hg1−xCdxTe prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 3450-3452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An arsenic source, tris-dimethylaminoarsine (TDMAAs), was used as a p-type dopant for Hg1−xCdxTe prepared by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The Hg1−xCdxTe layers were grown using the interdiffused multilayer process (IMP) at 360 °C with dimethylcadmium, di-isopropyltelluride and elemental mercury. Hole concentrations at 77 K in the range of 2×10+16–7×10+17 cm−3 were obtained in Hg1−xCdxTe with x=0.2–0.35, and ∼30%–50% of the arsenic was electrically active based on the data from secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) measurements. These MOCVD Hg1−xCdxTe layers show minority carrier lifetimes at 77 K in the range of 3 ns–4 μs, which compare favorably with those from the best arsenic-doped Hg1−xCdxTe films prepared by liquid phase epitaxy. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115276
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the moment methods and irreversible thermodynamics (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 3589-3602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we investigate the kinetic foundation of irreversible thermodynamics by means of the moment methods proposed by Grad and by Eu, respectively. First we show that the moment methods yield a weak solution of the Boltzmann equation. On the other hand, the entropy balance equation can be satisfied only by the strong solution of the Boltzmann equation. Second, we reformulate the energy balance equation in an alternative form where dissipative energy as well as a generalized work 1-form are included in this new equation. Assume that the dissipative energy is semi-positive definite. The local form of the second law of thermodynamics is then formulated in terms of the inaccessibility condition of Caratheodory. We then show that our new formulation of the second law is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius' principle. Finally we obtain a calotropy balance equation where the calotropy density function is a state function in the thermodynamic space. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532072
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the second law of thermodynamics for a dissipative system (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 5153-5166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider dissipative fluxes as well as the conserved variables as a set of independent variables characterizing the thermodynamic state of a nonequilibrium system. We then generalize the traditional internal energy balance equation so that contributions due to the dissipative fluxes are taken into consideration. On the other hand, the second law is formulated in terms of Caratheodory's inaccessibility condition in conjunction with the assumption that dissipative energy associated with internal work arising from irreversible processes be semipositive definite. We show that the second law formulated in this manner is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius's principle, as well as Clausius's inequality. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Assessment for a Proposed Groundwater Abstraction Scheme in Strathmore, North-East Scotland: a Modelling Approach (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The Lower Old Red Sandstones in northern Strathmore have favourable hydrogeological conditions for ground-water development. A scheme was proposed to abstract water in the north Esk catchment in order to augment water supplies to local villages, and a production borehole was drilled into the Edzell Sandstones to give a design yield of 2420 m3/d. However, this scheme has been abandoned because of concern that the abstraction would significantly reduce the flow in a nearby stream which is an important salmonid fishery.This study demonstrates the potential value of using a stream-aquifer numerical model in an environmental risk assessment for the proposed scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00087.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    β-Glucan Enrichment of Barley Fractions by Air Classification and Sieving (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 60 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Barley (Steptoe, Crystal and/or Waxbar) was dry milled and fractionated by small scale air classifiers and batch or continuous feed sifters to produce β-glucan-rich fractions. Sieving of barley (all cultivars) yielded lines fractions containing 88–90% starch and a final coarse enriched fraction containing 40–45% total dietary fiber including 16–19%β-glucans and up to 82 μg/g total tocols. The enriched fraction was 20–25% (by wt) of the dehulled barley. The highest β-glucan content by air classification was 9% due to ineffective separation of fines (particles 〈45 μm). Dry fractionation of barley produced a value added enriched product enhanced in factors (ie. tocols, dietary fiber, β-glucans) which slow oxidation, lower cholesterol, moderate glycemic response and which provide unique functional properties in food systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1995.tb06294.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recovery of transgenic rice plants expressing the rice dwarf virus outer coat protein gene (S8) (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 94 (1997), S. 522-527 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words RDV ; Segment S8 ; Rice ; Transgenic plants ; Particle bombardment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The coding region of the eighth largest segment (S8) of the rice dwarf virus (RDV) was obtained from a RDV Fujian isolate. It was then cloned into pTrcHisA for expression in E. coli and into vector pE3 for plant transformation. By using callus derived from mature rice embryos as the target tissue, we obtained regenerated rice plants after bombardment of the former with plasmid pE3R8 containing the RDV S8 gene and the marker gene neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II). Southern blotting confirmed the integration of the RDV S8 gene into the rice genome. The expression of the outer coat protein in both E. coli and rice plants was confirmed by western blotting. The recovery of transgenic rice plants expressing S8 gene is an important step towards studying the function of the RDV genes and obtaining RDV-resistant rice plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050446
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bis(diethylenetriamine-N'-acetato)-di-μ-hydroxo-dicobalt(III) Perchlorate (1995)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1080-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270194013387
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Calcaneus: Age-Related Changes in Trabecular Structure and Comparison with Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry Measurements (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 139 -147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Calcaneus — Trabecular structure — Magnetic resonance imaging — BMD.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, together with specialized image processing techniques, was applied to the quantitative measurement of age-related changes in calcaneal trabecular structure. The reproducibility of the technique was assessed and the annual rates of change for several trabecular structure parameters were measured. The MR-derived trabecular parameters were compared with calcaneal bone mineral density (BMD), measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the same subjects. Sagittal MR images were acquired at 1.5 T in 23 healthy women (mean age: 49.3 ± 16.6 [SD]), using a three-dimensional gradient echo sequence. Image analysis procedures included internal gray-scale calibration, bone and marrow segmentation, and run-length methods. Three trabecular structure parameters, apparent bone volume (ABV/TV), intercept thickness (I.Th), and intercept separation (I.Sp) were calculated from the MR images. The short- and long-term precision errors (mean %CV) of these measured parameters were in the ranges 1–2% and 3–6%, respectively. Linear regression of the trabecular structure parameters vs. age showed significant correlation: ABV/TV (r 2= 33.7%, P 〈 0.0037), I.Th (r 2= 26.6%, P 〈 0.0118), I.Sp (r 2= 28.9%, P 〈 0.0081). These trends with age were also expressed as annual rates of change: ABV/TV (− 0.52%/year), I.Th (−0.33%/year), and I.Sp (0.59%/year). Linear regression analysis also showed significant correlation between the MR-derived trabecular structure parameters and calcaneal BMD values. Although a larger group of subjects is needed to better define the age-related changes in trabecular structure parameters and their relation to BMD, these preliminary results demonstrate that high-resolution MRI may potentially be useful for the quantitative assessment of trabecular structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900204
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