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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of in situ photoexcitation on the formation of vacancy-type complexes in silicon implanted at 85 and 295 K (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 241-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoexcitation of silicon during low-fluence implantation with MeV Si and Ge ions is observed to suppress vacancy-type point-defect formation, as determined by in situ deep-level transient spectroscopy. The A-center formation after low-temperature implantation is extended over a wide temperature interval indicating that electrically inactive clusters, which emit vacancies during annealing, are formed in the end-of-range region during implantation at 85 K. The number of vacancies stored in these clusters is influenced by low-temperature in situ photoexcitation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.124335
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of deep-level centers in p-type silicon following ion implantation at 85 K (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 1263-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ deep-level transient spectroscopy measurements have been carried out on p-type silicon following MeV He, Si, and Ge ion implantation at 85 K. Deep levels corresponding to intrinsic and impurity-related point defects are only detected after annealing at temperatures above 200 K. In addition to divacancies, interstitial carbon, and a carbon–oxygen complex, the formation of another defect, denoted as K2, has been observed during annealing at 200–230 K in epitaxial wafers, and at 200–300 K in Czochralski grown material. The energy level of the K2 defect is located 0.36 eV above the valence band, which is very close to a previously observed level of the carbon–oxygen pair. The relative concentration of this defect is ∼10 times higher in samples implanted with Ge than in those implanted with He. Due to its formation temperature, equal concentration in epitaxial and Czochralski grown wafers, and absence in n-type samples, the K2 trap has been tentatively identified as a vacancy-related complex which probably contains boron. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123519
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time- and Space-Resolved Studies of the Physics and Chemistry of Liquid Water near a Biologically Relevant Interface (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 7806-7812 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100019a070
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular-level description of temperature and pressure effects on the viscosity of water (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 10171-10176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The steep non-Arrhenius temperature dependence at low temperatures of the shear viscosity of water and its backwards-sounding increased fluidity under pressure for temperatures below 33 °C are two of the anomalies of this liquid that have been known for a very long time. The purpose of the present paper is to show how these two important characteristics of water emerge quantitatively from an explicit two-state outer-neighbor mixture model that we have used to explain many other properties of this substance. It will be shown here that both of these viscosity anomalies are directly related to the steep variations with temperature and pressure of the fractional compositions of ice-Ih-type bonding and ice-II-type bonding in the two-state mixture. This compositional dependence has already been obtained in earlier work from the variations of the density and the isothermal compressibility of water with temperature. The viscosity analysis presented here thus helps to unify further all the properties of this liquid under a single, very simple structural characteristic. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480367
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the energy requirements of fish with particular reference to salmonids (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied ichthyology 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.1995.tb00015.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glutaric aciduria: Improved MR appearance after aggressive therapy (1995)
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 25 (1995), S. 484-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Advances in understanding the metabolic abnormalities which cause glutaric aciduria allow biochemical diagnosis on the basis of deficient enzyme and the potential for therapy. Brain abnormalities associated with this inborn error of metabolism have been demonstrated with CT and MR. The findings typically described are atrophy of the fronto-temporal regions with large insular cisterns and diffuse white matter hypodensities. We present a patient with glutatic aciduria, confirmed by enzymatic assay, who had these findings on CT and MR examination. Repeat imaging demonstrated significant improvement after dietary therapy and aggressive prevention of catabolism during febrile illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02019077
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Co-regulation of mucosal nitric oxide and prostaglandin in gastric adaptive cytoprotection (1999)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 48 (1999), S. 471-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Nitric oxide — Prostaglandins — Adaptive cytoprotection — Ethanol — Gastric defense — Mucosa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: The correlation between mucosal generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in gastric adaptive cytoprotection was investigated.¶Materials and Treatment: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with either Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 12.5mg/kg i.v.) or indomethacin (5mg/kg s.c.). Following that, mild irritant 20% ethanol was administered, 15min prior to 100% ethanol challenge.¶Methods: Macroscopic gastric mucosal damage, NO synthase activity, mucosal PGE2 and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) levels were measured.¶Results: Administration of L-NAME and indomethacin significantly reduced the protective action of 20% ethanol against 100% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage. Besides, mucosal activity of constitutive NO (cNO) synthase, but not of the inducible isozyme (iNO synthase), was elevated following 20% ethanol treatment. This was accompanied by a reduction in mucosal leukotriene C4 level. Indomethacin significantly inhibited mucosal PGE2 biosynthesis but increased cNO synthase activity. Nevertheless, L-NAME reduced both cNO and iNO formation and prevented the increase in cNO formation caused by 20% ethanol, while enhancing mucosal PGE2 production. Combined L-NAME and indomethacin treatment markedly potentiated ethanol-induced mucosal damage, and completely prevented the increase in cNO or PGE2 biosynthesis when either compound was given alone.¶Conclusions: These findings suggest a co-regulatory relationship between mucosal NO and PG in the gastric defense system, which will be released after activation by the mild irritants to induce cytoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050489
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of non-protein sulfhydryl compounds in gastric adaptive cytoprotection against ethanol-induced mucosal damage in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 242-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Adaptive cytoprotection ; Lesions ; Nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The contribution of the endogenous nonprotein sulfhydryl compounds (SH) in gastric adaptive cytoprotection was investigated in rats. N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment significantly reduced mucosal SH level, and aggravated the mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol. Oral administration of the mild irritants, 20% ethanol, 5% NaCl or 0.3 M HCl, significantly increased the basal mucosal SH level. These agents also showed a cytoprotective action against the necrotizing effect of absolute ethanol. Administration of NEM did not alleviate this cytoprotective potential, although it abolished the increased SH level evoked by these mild irritants. Thus, it is concluded that modulation of endogenous SH by mild irritants perhaps only plays a minor role in the gastric adaptive cytoprotection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782975
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of gastric emptying and mucosal folds in the adaptive cytoprotection of mild irritants in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 518-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Mild irritants ; Ethanol ; Gastric lesions ; Gastric emptying rate ; Mucosal folds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examines the involvement of gastric emptying and mucosal folds in the adaptive cytoprotection of different mild irritants against 100% ethanolinduced gastric mucosal damage. Pre-exposure to either 20% ethanol, 5% NaCl or 0.3M HCl significantly reduced the gastric mucosal damage caused by 100% ethanol in rats. Administration of either one of the three mild irritants increased the basal gastric residual volume and decreased the area occupied by gastric mucosal folds, but only 20% ethanol reduced the gastric emptying rate. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, s.c.) pretreatment did not affect ethanol ulceration and gastric emptying rate when given by itself, but reversed the flattening of mucosal folds produced by the three mild irritants, and abolished the protective effect of 20% ethanol. These results suggest that the gastric adaptive cytoprotection induced by the three mild irritants acts through luminal dilution of the noxious agent, possibly caused by gastric retention. The reduction of mucosal folds could also contribute to the anti-lesion action of 20% ethanol. It is therefore suggested that the protective actions of the three mild irritants act through different mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01757355
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of dorsal motor nucleus of vagus in gastric function and mucosal damage induced by ethanol in rats (1995)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 40 (1995), S. 2312-2316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: dorsal motor nucleus of vagus ; ethanol ; gastric mucosal blood flow ; gastric acid secretion ; gastric damage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Experimental evidence indicates that the autonomic nervous system, especially the cholinergic pathway, modulates the mucosal defensive mechanism and affects mucosal damage in the stomach. The present study investigated the role of the dorsal motor nucleus of vagus (DMV) in gastric function and its influences on ethanol-induced mucosal damage in pentobarbitone-anesthetized rats. Electrolytic lesion of the DMV as compared with sham operation and lesions of other brain areas, eg, nucleus reticular gigantocellularis and cuneate nucleus, reduced the basal gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) and also the blood flow after ethanol administration. The same operation did not affect the acid secretion either in the basal state or during the ethanol treatment period. Lesions at the caudal half of the DMV produced a bigger depression of GMBF when compared with lesion at the rostral half. In the sham-operated rats, ethanol induced severe hemorrhagic lesions in the gastric glandular mucosa, and this was significantly potentiated by lesions at the DMV, especially in the caudal half. The present findings indicate that acute DMV damage at the caudal half markedly affects the GMBF but not the acid secretion. The action on GMBF may contribute to the aggravation of ethanol-induced gastric damage in rats. These data reinforce the idea that the central vagal pathway, especially the caudal half of the DMV, plays a significant role in the modulation of GMBF, which in turn affects the integrity of gastric mucosal barrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02063230
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