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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of V, Nb, Cr, and Zr substituted 2:17 compounds and their carbides using neutron diffraction : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4542-4544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Samples of Nd2Fe17−xTxCy with T=V, Nb, Cr, and Zr were prepared by melting of the constituent elements including C and studied by neutron diffraction. Comparing with their uncarbided counterparts, we found that the substituents transfer, more or less, from the 6c site to the 18f and 18h sites with the introduction of C atoms. This behavior appears to relate to the electronegativities between the C atoms and the early transition series elements because the 18f and 18h sites are near neighbors of the interstitial C site. However, the C effects in the V, Nb, Cr, and Zr samples are not as strong as those in Ti samples. SQUID measurements show that the Curie temperatures of these samples depend on both the interstitial C atoms and the substituents. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365421
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of piezoelectric (111)B InGaAs/GaAs p-i-n quantum well structures using photoreflectance spectroscopy (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1208-1210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Strained-layer (111)B In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs p-i-n quantum well structures grown with exciton transitions well resolved at room temperature have been studied by photoreflectance spectroscopy. Using the reduced mass deduced from experiments, the built-in electric field in the barrier region is obtained from the above band-gap Franz–Keldysh oscillations. The strain-induced piezoelectric field is then determined directly from a comparison of the periods of Franz–Keldysh oscillations in different samples. Numerical solutions for the exciton transitions from the derived potential profiles are in good agreement with the experimental results. The piezoelectric constant is also determined using the piezoelectric field. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121015
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A neutron diffraction structural study of R2Fe17−xAlx(C) (R=Tb, Ho) alloys : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6914-6916 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The title compounds were confirmed to have the Th2Zn17 type rhombohedral structure (space group R3¯m) except for Ho2Fe16Al and Ho2Fe15Al2 which have the Th2Ni17 type hexagonal structure (space group P63/mmc) while Ho2Fe13Al3 is a mixture of the two phases with the hexagonal phase dominant. A larger unit cell favors the formation of an ordered rhombohedral phase rather than a disordered hexagonal phase. Both the substitution of Fe by Al and the insertion of C can expand the cell and lead to the formation of an ordered rhombohedral phase. The site preferences of Al are somewhat different with and without C. In both series, C is mainly found at the 9e interstitial site. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367567
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoreflectance spectroscopy of strained-layer (111)B InGaAs/GaAs quantum well diodes (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 1595-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: InGaAs/GaAs (111)B quantum well p-i-n structures grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated with a photoreflectance technique. Using the reduced mass deduced from experiments, the built-in electric field is obtained from the above band-gap Franz–Keldysh oscillations (FKOs). The strain-induced piezoelectric field is then determined directly from the comparison of the periods of FKOs in different samples. Numerical solutions for exciton transition energies with the experimentally derived potentials are in good agreement with experimental results. Hence, the piezoelectric constant can be determined using the piezoelectric field. The temperature dependences of the quantized energy levels indicate that the influence of temperature on exciton transitions is essentially the same as that of the gaps of the relevant bulk constituent materials. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368229
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the second law of thermodynamics for a dissipative system (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 5153-5166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider dissipative fluxes as well as the conserved variables as a set of independent variables characterizing the thermodynamic state of a nonequilibrium system. We then generalize the traditional internal energy balance equation so that contributions due to the dissipative fluxes are taken into consideration. On the other hand, the second law is formulated in terms of Caratheodory's inaccessibility condition in conjunction with the assumption that dissipative energy associated with internal work arising from irreversible processes be semipositive definite. We show that the second law formulated in this manner is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius's principle, as well as Clausius's inequality. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531934
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the moment methods and irreversible thermodynamics (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 3589-3602 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we investigate the kinetic foundation of irreversible thermodynamics by means of the moment methods proposed by Grad and by Eu, respectively. First we show that the moment methods yield a weak solution of the Boltzmann equation. On the other hand, the entropy balance equation can be satisfied only by the strong solution of the Boltzmann equation. Second, we reformulate the energy balance equation in an alternative form where dissipative energy as well as a generalized work 1-form are included in this new equation. Assume that the dissipative energy is semi-positive definite. The local form of the second law of thermodynamics is then formulated in terms of the inaccessibility condition of Caratheodory. We then show that our new formulation of the second law is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius' principle. Finally we obtain a calotropy balance equation where the calotropy density function is a state function in the thermodynamic space. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532072
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the second law of thermodynamics and contact geometry (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider the second law of thermodynamics for a dissipative system and its symmetry property in terms of contact geometry. We first show that the inaccessibility condition of Caratheodory and the assumption of semipositive definite property of the dissipative energy are equivalent to Clausius' inequality. The inaccessibility condition then gives rise to a generalized Gibbs relation (GGR). By means of the GGR a 1-form ω can be defined such that the zero of ω reproduces the GGR. Such 1-form ω has the property ω∧(dω)n≠0 and ω∧(dω)n+1=0. The integral surface of the GGR is an n-dimensional 1-graph space G (Legendre submanifold) of a 1-jet space J1(En,R), where En is the base space of J1(En,R) with thermodynamic variables as its coordinates. The (2n+1)-dimensional J1(En,R) equipped with the 1-form ω is also called a contact bundle K, where the intensive thermodynamic variables are considered as the contact elements to K at every x. Next we construct an isovector field Xf such that the inaccessibility condition is invariant under the contact transformations generated by Xf. Finally, suppose under some specific assumptions the dynamical equations of the thermodynamic variables x can be approximated by the flow equations of a vector field XG on G. We can lift XG to Xf such that the 1-graph space G as well as the inaccessibility condition are preserved under the contact transformations generated by Xf. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532316
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A density functional study of clean and hydrogen-covered α-MoO3(010): Electronic structure and surface relaxation (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 6854-6860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report extensive density functional theory calculations, using pseudopotentials with a plane-wave basis, for the properties of the (010) face of molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3). The surface is modeled by a one-layer slab. Calculated bond lengths compare favorably with experimental measurements. The bonding of the different oxygen species to molybdenum is analyzed using the crystal orbital overlap population. This analysis indicates that the bonding is a combination of ionic and covalent character for all oxygen species. The terminal oxygen exhibits covalent bonding to Mo which is stronger than either of the two bridging oxygens. We also study the adsorption of hydrogen on this surface. Hydrogen is most strongly adsorbed over the terminal oxygen, followed by the asymmetric bridging oxygen, and then the symmetric bridging oxygen. This trend is explained in terms of simple chemical concepts. The inclusion of full surface relaxation is important for even a qualitative description of adsorbate bonding. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477252
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Risk Assessment for a Proposed Groundwater Abstraction Scheme in Strathmore, North-East Scotland: a Modelling Approach (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The Lower Old Red Sandstones in northern Strathmore have favourable hydrogeological conditions for ground-water development. A scheme was proposed to abstract water in the north Esk catchment in order to augment water supplies to local villages, and a production borehole was drilled into the Edzell Sandstones to give a design yield of 2420 m3/d. However, this scheme has been abandoned because of concern that the abstraction would significantly reduce the flow in a nearby stream which is an important salmonid fishery.This study demonstrates the potential value of using a stream-aquifer numerical model in an environmental risk assessment for the proposed scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00087.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a phytoplasma causing yellows of Monarda (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Monarda yellows occurring in southern Alberta was found to be associated with a phytoplasma. Using two pairs of universal primers, 16S ribosomal DNA fragments (about 1.5 and 1.2 kb) were amplified separately by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from DNA samples that had been extracted from infected monarda. No such DNA bands were observed using DNA samples from uninfected monarda. The DNA fragment (1.2 kb) amplified by nested-PCR was analysed and compared with western aster yellows (AY27, Canada), eastern aster yellows (EAY, USA), French hydrangea aster yellows (AYHF), Belgium hydrangea aster yellows (AYHB), clover proliferation (CP, Canada) and potato witches'-broom (PWB, Canada) by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using endonucleases AluI, MseI, HpaII, Sau3AI, KpnI and RsaI. The results showed that monarda yellows phytoplasma belongs to the aster yellows subclade and is different from CP and PWB. This is the first report of aster yellows phytoplasma infecting monarda.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00206.x
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