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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Tomographic imaging of the ionosphere is a recently developed technique that uses integrated measurements and computer reconstructions to determine electron densities. The integral of electron density along vertical or oblique paths is obtained with radio transmissions from low-earth-orbiting (LEO) satellite transmitters to a chain of receivers on the earth's surface. Similar measurements along horizontal paths can be made using transmissions from Global Position System (GPS) navigation satellites to GPS receivers on LEO spacecraft. Also, the intensities of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emissions can be measured with orbiting spectrometers. These intensities are directly related to the integral of the oxygen ion and electron densities along the instrument line of sight. Two-dimensional maps of the ionospheric plasma are produced by analyzing the combined radio and EUV data using computerized ionospheric tomography (CIT). Difficulties associated with CIT arise from the nonuniqueness of the reconstructions, owing to limited angle measurements or nonoptimal receiver location. Improvements in both reconstruction algorithms and CIT measurement systems are being implemented to overcome these difficulties. New imaging systems being developed employ CIT for large area mapping of the plasma densities in the ionosphere. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4115-4115 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: To match the requirements for development of transformer cores with lower iron losses, many new materials are under development including amorphous materials, 6.5% Si–Fe sheets and thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets. Among these materials, the thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets are attracting attention due to their good magnetic properties and scientific interest. Arai et al. reported that the magnetic properties of the sheets were comparable to those of the amorphous materials and (110)[001] preferred orientation of the sheets are developed by tertiary recrystallization.1 The 100 μm thick 3% Si–Fe sheets were prepared via conventional metallurgical processes including melting and casting, hot rolling to 25 mmT at 1200 °C, first cold rolling to 0.5 mmT, intermediate annealing at 800 °C for 30 min, second cold rolling to 0.25 mmT, intermediate annealing at 800 °C for 30 min, final cold rolling to 100 μm and final annealing at 1200 °C for 1 h in a vacuum of 5×10−6 Torr. Among these processes, the cold rolling process is an important one because preferred orientation of the sheets was developed in the process. Nakano et al. reported that there was an optimum cold rolling ratio to get required magnetic properties of the sheets.2 Recently, we found that the reduction rate, i.e., number of passes, as well as reduction ratio affected the preferred orientation and magnetic properties of the sheets. The number of passes in the first cold rolling process was changed from 7 to 60 and B10 values of the final sheets were changed from 1.30 to 1.84 T according to the number of passes. From x-ray experiments, it was found that intensity of (110) peak in the cold rolled and annealed sheets strongly affected the magnetic properties of the final sheets. We will discuss the relationship between the reduction rate and preferred orientation, and magnetic properties of the thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A tertiary crystal growth method was used to fabricate thin gauged 3% Si–Fe sheets in order to reduce the thickness of the sheets without deteriorating soft magnetic properties. During the investigation, the magnetic properties of final annealed sheets were found to be directly related to the magnetic properties of final cold rolled sheets. X-ray and transmission electron microscopy were used to understand the above relation. It was found that the fraction of (110) grains at the surface of the final cold rolled sheets significantly affected the final magnetic properties of the final annealed sheets. On the basis of the above argument, the final magnetic properties of the thin gauged Si–Fe sheets can be predicted by the B10 values of the final cold rolled sheets. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 4994-4999 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen ions were implanted into ZnSxSe1−x epilayers grown on p-GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Dopant activation and annealing out the implant damage were achieved by a postannealing process in a N2 ambient. Schottky structures employing the implanted p-type ZnSxSe1−x were fabricated and device efficacy was examined by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, current–voltage (I–V), current–voltage temperature (I–V–T), and high frequency capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. PL spectra showed a clear donor–acceptor pair (DAP) recombination at an energy of 2.735 and 2.72 eV, in both MBE and MOCVD ZnSSe epilayers, respectively, regardless of the postannealing temperatures. The diode conduction in forward bias proceeds by the combination of thermionic and tunneling emission. C–V measurement proved the maximum doping concentration to be around 1017 cm−3 after ion implantation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 2328-2333 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: p-i-n photodiodes were fabricated on nitrogen ion implanted undoped ZnSe/n-type ZnSe epilayers grown on n+GaAs (100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. To obtain a quasi-uniform p layer doping profile, nitrogen ions at multiple energies and ion doses were implanted at room temperature. The activation of implanted species was carried out by an optimized post-annealing in a nitrogen ambient. Optical studies were performed on the implanted/annealed devices by photoluminescence spectroscopy at 10 K, which indicated donor–acceptor pairs at an energy of 2.7 eV and its phonon replicas with 30 meV intervals. The circular p-i-n diodes with a 1 mm diam contact area showed a device breakdown voltage to be linearly dependent on the thickness of the undoped ZnSe epilayer. For p-i-n diodes fabricated on an initial 0.5 μm thick undoped ZnSe layer, an ideality factor of 1.19 and a reverse bias breakdown voltage of 12 V was observed. A large photocurrent, good linearity with light intensity, and low dark current were observed. A photocurrent/dark current ratio 〉105 was obtained at an illumination intensity of 100 mW/cm2. These devices exhibited a responsivity of 0.025 A/W at a wavelength of 460 nm through the top 200 Å thick metal contacts.© 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6614-6616 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: (Co1−xFex)Pt films were grown on a glass substrate by a rf sputtering and then annealed at 650–700 °C in a high vacuum. All the as-sputtered (Co1−xFex)Pt films deposited below 400 °C had a disordered structure and showed very low coercivities. With increasing the deposition temperature and Fe contents, the (111) texture was weakened in as-deposited (Co1−xFex)Pt ternary films. Vibrating sample magnetometer and x-ray diffraction data show that Co atoms in the L10 CoPt phase were substituted with Fe atoms. In-plane coercivities of these films decreased almost linearly with increasing Fe content which seemed to be due to the decrease of a crystalline anisotropy energy. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 698-700 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Three photoluminescence (PL) bands at 340–370, 400–430, and 740 nm were observed at room temperature in a-Si:H:O films fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition without any postprocessing. The violet-blue emission is very strong and stable, and its intensity is closely related to the oxygen content in the films, which can be controlled by the applied dc biases on the sample substrates during deposition. The first two PL peaks are ascribed to Si–O related species, and the last one to the quantum size effect of the nanocrystallites embedded in the a-Si:H:O matrix. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 37 (1997), S. 119-141 
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Transgenic animals are becoming useful tools for pharmacological studies. The use of transgenic technology raises two types of questions, "How are transgenic animals made?" and "What types of pharmacological questions can be answered using transgenic technologies?" Answers to these questions are discussed in this review. The production of animals with specific genetic alteration can be achieved by two strategies. The first involves the simple addition of DNA sequences to the chromosomes. The second strategy is to select particular genetic loci for site-specific changes. There are two well-established procedures for simple introduction of DNA into an animal genome, pronuclear DNA injection and transduction using a retrovirus. In contrast, methods for targeting specific DNA sequences to definite sites in the chromosomes are evolving rapidly. Some of these procedures can be used in combination to make a different variety of gene alterations in animals. Pharmacological studies where transgenic technology has been extensively used are discussed, including studies in the cardiovascular system, the nervous system, the endocrine system, cancer, and toxicology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Information, technology & people 10 (1997), S. 275-286 
    ISSN: 0959-3845
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Computer Science , Sociology
    Notes: Examines the use of the soft systems approach in introducing information technology for an international broadcasting programme. International broadcasting is an important system for transferring knowledge to people in diverse regions. Presents the soft systems methodology in a case example on how the news programme production of an international broadcasting organization in Japan deploys IT. Suggests that any IT deployment should consider the perspectives of IT beneficiaries, IT users, as well as the IT owners. Therefore, all relevant people must be included in the audience of the broadcasts in diverse regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Ouabain is known to have natriuretic effects only at high doses, and therefore if endogenously produced ouabain has a role in the regulation of sodium excretion, the renal response to ouabain must be increased substantially in certain physiological situations. The aim of this study is to determine whether treatment with the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, potentiates that natriuretic response to ouabain.2. Six conscious sheep received renal arterial infusion of either vehicle or aldosterone (3 μg/h). Forty hours after commencement of infusion ouabain was infused into the renal artery at 400 μg/h for 60min. A second infusion of ouabain was administered on the 6th day of aldosterone treatment.3. In the absence of aldosterone, the effects on sodium excretion produced by ouabain infusion at 400 μg/h into the renal artery were variable and not statistically significant. Ouabain infusion after 40 h of aldosterone treatment increased sodium excretion from 40 ± 14 to 676 ± 69 μmol/min in the second hour following cessation of ouabain infusion (P〈 0.001). Ouabain infusion after 6 days of aldosterone treatment increased sodium excretion similarly. Ouabain-stimulated sodium excretion was significantly greater during aldosterone treatment compared to vehicle treatment (P〈0.05). In contrast, no enhancement of effect was observed after acute treatment with aldosterone.4. These results demonstrate potentiation of the natriuretic response to ouabain infusion by chronic mineralocorticoid treatment and suggest a potential role of endogenous digitalislike factor in the physiological control of sodium homeo stasisaldo sterone, endogenous digitalis-like factor, ouabain, sodium excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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