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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    HNO 47 (1999), S. 981-985 
    ISSN: 1433-0458
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stimmfeldmessung ; Myasthenia gravis ; Stroboskopie ; Key words Voice profile ; Myasthenia gravis ; Phoniatrics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The authors have for the first time evaluated the basic parameters of the voice using computed voice analysis in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). The aim of the study was to introduce an objective method suitable for the assessment of dysphonic symptoms, which predominate in bulbar, oculobulbar and generalized MG. Voice profile studies included the evaluation of the singing voice range, voice dynamics, maximum phonation time, and mean fundamental frequency and intensity during speech. The characteristic of the stroboscopic picture was also determined. Investigations were carried out before and after the intake of Mestinon, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor, and healthy subjects were used as a control group. In MG, the voice range and dynamics are badly impaired, maximum phonation time is shortened, the mean fundamental frequency during speech is increased, while the intensity is decreased. Mestinon resulted in an improvement in all these parameters, however, they were still impaired in comparison to the control subjects. Most changes were found to be statistically significant. The authors emphasize the role of the otolaryngologist and objective phoniatric methods in the evaluation of MG and other myasthenia-like neurological diseases. The use of these methods for the assessment of phoniatric symptoms in neurological diseases is highly recommended.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser bestimmten erstmalig die grundlegenden Parameter der Stimme bei Patienten mit Myasthenia gravis (MG) mit Hilfe der modernen Computertonanalyse. Ziel war die Erarbeitung einer objektiven Methode zur Differentialdiagnose der als Leitsymptom auftretenden Phonasthenie der bulbären, okulobulbären bzw. generalisierten MG. Bei der Untersuchung des Stimmfelds wurden der Tonhöhenumfang, Stimmdynamik, Tonhaltedauer, sowie Grundfrequenz und Intensität der Sprechstimme gemessen. Auch die Charakteristika des stroboskopischen Befunds wurden registriert. Die Untersuchungen wurden sowohl ohne Medikamenteinfluß, als auch nach Einnahme von Mestinon (reversibler Cholinesteraseinhibitor), sowie an einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe durchgeführt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß der Tonhöhenumfang bei MG-Patienten wesentlich eingeschränkt, die Dynamik stark verringert, der Tonhaltedauer verkürzt, die Sprechstimme erhöht und die Intensität schwächer waren. Nach Gabe von Mestinon waren die Werte zwar besser, erreichten aber nicht die der Kontrollgruppe. Die meisten Veränderungen waren statistisch signifikant. Die Verfasser weisen auf die diagnostische Hilfe hin, die das Verfahren dem HNO-Arzt bei MG und bei anderen, myasthenische Symptome hervorrufenden neurologischen Erkrankungen, leisten kann, und empfehlen eine breitere Anwendung der Methode zur Verifizierung phoniatrischer Symptome bei neurologischen Krankheiten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 22 (1999), S. 161-166 
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider n caps on the sphere such that none of them contains in its interior the center of another. We give an upper bound for the total area of the caps, which is sharp for n = 3 , 4, 6, and 12 and is asymptotically sharp for great values of n .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: apolipoprotein B ; synthesis ; secretion ; clearance ; nonsense ; mutation ; mRNA metabolism ; apoB48
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low levels of cholesterol are protective against development of coronary artery disease. Heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemic individuals expressing truncated apolipoprotein (apo)B as a result of mutation in the capob gene have low levels of cholesterol and apoB in their plasma. To study the molecular mechanism of low levels of apoB in these individuals, we employed a previously reported knock out mouse model generated by targeted modification of the apob gene. The heterozygous, apoB-100/B-81, mice express full length and truncated apoB, B-81, and have 20 and 35% lower levels of total cholesterol and apoB, respectively, when compared to WT (apoB-100/B-100) mice. The majority of the truncated apoB, B-81, fractionated in the VLDL- density range. The mechanism of low levels of apoB in B-100/B-81 mice was examined. Total hepatic apoB mRNA levels decreased by 15%, primarily due to lower levels of apoB-81 mRNA. Since apoB mRNA transcription rates were similar in B-100/B-100 and B-100/B-81 mice, low levels of mutant apoB-81 mRNA occurred by enhanced degradation of apoB mRNA transcript containing premature translational stop codon. ApoB synthesis measured on isolated hepatocytes decreased in B-100/B-81 mice by 35%, while apoB-48, apoE, and apoAI syntheses remained unchanged. Metabolic studies using whole animal showed a 32% decrease in triglyceride secretion rates, consistent with the apoB secretion rates. Inhibition of receptor-mediated clearance of apoB-81-containing particles resulted in greater relative accumulation of apoB-81 in plasma than apoB-100, suggesting enhanced clearance of apoB-81-containing particles. These results demonstrate that low levels of apoB in heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemic mice occurs by low rates of apoB secretion, and increased clearance of truncated apoB. Similar mechanisms appear to contribute to low levels of apoB in hypobetalipoproteinemic humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 339-348 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Sleep ; influenza ; virus ; recombinant inbred ; C57BL/6 ; BALB/cBy ; QTL
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Influenza-infected C57BL/6J mice spend increased amounts of time in slow-wave sleep (SWS) during the dark phase of the circadian cycle compared to healthy mice. In contrast, infected BALB/cByJ mice show a normal or reduced time in SWS, particularly during the light phase. To identify genetic loci with linkage to these traits, we measured sleep in 13 CXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains derived from a cross between C57BL/6ByJ and BALB/cByJ mice. The probability density distribution of sleep patterns of influenza-infected CXB RI mice showed modes that correspond roughly with the parental modes during the dark phase of the circadian cycle and are intermediate or C57BL/6-like during the light phase. These patterns are consistent with the presence of a low number of major effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Chromosomal regions with provisional association to strain variation in influenza-induced SWS patterns were identified. In particular, a 10- to 12-cM interval on Chr 6 between D6Mit74 and D6Mit188 contains a QTL (LRS = 16.6 at 1 cM proximal to D6Mit316; genomewide p〈.05) that influences the SWS response to influenza infection during the light phase. We have provisionally named this QTL Srilp1 (sleep response to influenza, light phase 1). Candidate genes for mediation of this phenotype include Ghrhr (growth hormone releasing hormone receptor), Crhr2 (corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 2), and Cd8a (an epitope on cytotoxic T lymphocytes). Several other intervals achieved suggestive probability scores that are sufficient to warrant further analysis either with additional RI strains or with F2 panels. The analysis also suggests that dark phase and light phase responses are regulated by different genetic factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 319-328 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Recombinant inbred mice ; circadian ; locomotor activity ; QTL ; C57BL/6J ; BALB/cByJ
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies have identified genes that influence the length of the circadian period maintained by mice housed under constant lighting conditions. However, a less studied circadian activity variable is the amplitude of daily oscillations in locomotor activity. This parameter reflects spontaneous activity exhibited under standard lighting and housing conditions and, therefore, differs conceptually from assessments of exploratory or open-field activity, voluntary wheel-running, or circadian period during exposure to constant light or constant darkness conditions. We recently observed a greater daily amplitude of oscillation in spontaneous locomotor activity in C57BL/6 mice compared to BALB/cBy mice. To identify genetic loci with potential linkage to circadian variation in the amount of locomotor activity, we measured the spontaneous activity of 13 CXB recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice. The probability density distributions of locomotor activity phenotypes for the 13 CXB RI strains were consistent with the presence of a low number of major quantitative trait loci affecting this trait. Regions of chromosomes 3, 8, 12, 13, and 19 showed provisional linkage to strain variation in locomotor activity. Probabilities of linkage were not sufficient for declaration of an activity-related quantitative trait locus but were sufficient to warrant further analysis either with additional RI strains or with F2 panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 29 (1999), S. 329-337 
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Sleep ; REM sleep ; mice ; recombinant inbred ; QTL ; BALB/cBy ; C57BL/6
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract Various inbred strains of mice show different daily amounts of slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid-eye movement sleep (REMS), suggesting the possibility of genetic influences on sleep propensity. Previous work by others studying the spontaneous sleep patterns of seven strains of CXB recombinant inbred (RI) mice suggested several candidate quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with variation in REMS. Extending this approach, we evaluated the sleep patterns of 13 CXB RI strains and conducted linkage analyses based on 223 discrete informative loci. The probability density distribution of light phase REMS for the CXB RI strains showed deflections that correspond approximately to the parental phenotypes. This type of pattern is consistent with the presence of a low number of major effect quantitative trait loci. Regions of chromosomes 4, 16, and 17 showed provisional linkage to strain variation in REMS. The distribution of loci further suggested that dark phase and light phase REMS may be regulated by different genetic factors. Probabilities of linkage were not sufficient for declaration of a quantitative trait locus for REMS but were sufficient to warrant further analysis either with additional RI strains or with F2 panels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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