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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The development of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source for the heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) injector is reported. The HIMAC is a heavy ion medical accelerator for cancer therapy. The electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source is expected to provide a long lifetime, easy operation, and easy maintenance for medical use. The NIRS-ECR ion source has a single closed ECR stage, and a microwave frequency of 10 GHz is applied. Under the present performance, the output electrical currents of the ions are 2500 eμA for He1+, 300 eμA for C2+, 480 eμA for Ne3+, and 110 eμA for Ar6+. Stability of the intensity is better than 2%. The transmission efficiency through a low-energy beam-transport line with an acceptance of 200 πmm mrad is more than 70%; the typical 50% and 90% emittances of the injection beam with 8 keV/u are 20 and 80 πmm mrad, respectively. These performances satisfy the requirements for radiotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 428-431 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured Raman spectra of a diamond film prepared on the (111) surface of cubic boron nitride(c-BN) by the dc plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The polarization property of the Raman line of diamond agrees well with that of LO phonon for the (111) surface of c-BN. The agreement between the polarization property of Raman lines of diamond and c-BN indicates a possibility of the heteroepitaxial growth of the diamond film on the (111) surface of c-BN. It is found that the diamond layers on c-BN are under tensile stress of 2.2×1011 dyn/cm2. The value of the corresponding tensile strain agrees well with the lattice mismatch calculated from the lattice constants of c-BN and diamond, supporting the possibility of the heteroepitaxial growth of the diamond film. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique not only to estimate the stress in the diamond film but also to determine the crystallographic orientation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 563-565 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Diamond thin films have been grown epitaxially on high-pressure synthesized cubic boron nitride (c-BN) particles by using dc plasma chemical vapor deposition. At the early growth stage of the film on c-BN{111} surfaces, the island structure is observed and the number density of islands is about 1011 cm−2. The growth and the coalescence of islands are also found by scanning electron microscopy observation. The continuous film is obtained at the thickness of about 2000 A(ring) and the surface of the film is rather smooth. The Raman peak of the epitaxial diamond film shows the shift toward the lower wave number due to the tensile stress involved in the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to follow low changes in gene expression associated with antibiotic (bialaphos) biosynthesis in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Cultures were pulse-labelled with [35S]-methionine before, during, and after the switch from primary to secondary metabolism in order to compare kinetic profiles of bialaphos (antibiotic) production (bap) genes during this metabolic transition. Separation of gene products on two-dimensional gels revealed that 27 were dependent on brpA for optimal expression and were activated as the culture approached stationary phase. Genes which encoded 10 brp4-dependent proteins were mapped to a 10 kb Sstl fragment of the 35 kb bap gene cluster by expressing them in Streptomyces lividans using the thiostrepton-inducible tipA promoter. N-terminal amino acid sequences of two brpA-dependent proteins, obtained by direct microsequencing of protein spots excised from two-dimensional gels, identified them as gene products mapping to the same region and involved in secondary metabolic conversions of the bap pathway. The kinetics of synthesis of 16 brpA-dependent gene products were characterized using QUEST computer software. Cluster analysis performed on the kinetics of synthesis of 346 of the most highly expressed gene products of HP5-29, including 16 brpA-dependent ones, identified 75 families having distinct patterns of expression. Many brpA-dependent proteins were clustered together; 10 were found in one kinetic family. These kinetic families also included brpA-independent gene products perhaps subject to similar regulatory mechanisms and thus possibly involved in bialaphos biosynthesis. The activation/derepression of bap expression took place as cultures approached stationary phase and was temporally related to synthesis of ppGpp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 707 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) has attracted growing interest due to its highly regulated spatiotemporal expression during development and maturation of central nervous system. The present study deals with the post-natal appearance and transformation into adult distribution patterns of the ECM components related to proteoglycans (PGs) and glycoproteins (GPs) in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of albino rats at birth (P0), 1 week (P1), P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8. The differentiating PGs and GPs components of the ECM were shown to make their appearance as early as 1–2 weeks post-natally. At this developmental stage, these components of the ECM appeared in association with some neurons and glia cells or diffusely localized at the neutrophill. Interestingly, Golgi complexes of labelled neurons were usually stained with lectin VVA or WFA, and this labelling dramatically disappeared on reaching P4. During P2–3, the pericoated neuronal cells underwent a progressive increment in number, and presented an inside-out pattern of migration and differentiation (toward the V-II cortical layers). On reaching P4, most of the coated neurons appeared distributed into the cortical layer IV and II. At a later stage (P5–8), the overall density and intensity of labelled neurons progressively increased and apparently reached the adult stage of development. They also displayed the usual differential labelling characteristics, after using the cationic iron colloid/lectin staining, for the first time at this juncture. The present findings indicated that the perineuronal ECM components are significantly correlated with age and suggest a possible developmental or biological significance including promotion of migration, as well as functional maturation of the retrosplenial neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred and twenty years ago, Camillo Golgi described reticular or fenestrated sheaths of extracellular matrix (ECM), enwrapping the cell bodies, axon initial segments and proximal dendrites of certain pyramidal and non-pyramidal neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system. Such structures, currently termed perineuronal nets (PNs), are preferentially associated with GABAergic, parvalbumin-containing fast-spiking inhibitory types of cells, and mostly expressing the Kv3.1 subunit of voltage-gated potassium channels. Although some neuroanatomists validated the existence of the PNs on selected neurons in the adult brain, there was a lack of agreement concerning their origin, composition and function. Recent data suggest that PNs result from the visualization of ECM molecules that are confined to the space interposed between glial processes and the nerve cells that they outline. The substance confined to these spaces could be visualized selectively by antibodies directed to glycoproteins, proteoglycans, markers for hyaluronan, some plant lectins recognizing N-acetylgalactosamine or by monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes on unknown molecules. The PNs appear only after birth, which they could serve as recognition molecules between certain neurons and their surrounding cells. Other putative roles include stabilization of synapses, maintenance of cellular relationships in the adult brain, concentration of growth factors around certain neurons, generation of a polyanionic ion-buffering microenvironment, as well as prevention of extracellular-space occlusion and the formation of certain link with the intracellular cytoskeleton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reticular or net-like perineuronal coatings enriched with proteoglycans (PGs) and/or glycoproteins (GPs) were demonstrated to ensheathe cell surfaces of certain neuronal circuits in the central nervous system of mammals, reptiles and fishes. In this investigation the coated or ensheathed neurons in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) of adult albino rats were quantified using a computerised analysing system. They were distributed throughout the II–IV cortical layers and comprised about 24.25% of total neurons. The perineuronal coatings were expressed with a cationic iron colloid (CIC), CIC/Bodian staining and with certain plant lectins from Vicia villosa agglutinin ‘VVA’, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin ‘WFA’ and Glycine max agglutinin ‘SBA’. The mean number of coated neurons per unit area (UA, 60.15 μm2), as labelled by CIC or CIC/Bodian, VVA, WFA and SBA staining was 4.01 ± 0.42, 4.43 ± 0.37, 6.45 ± 0.87, 5.70 ± 0.73 and 3.91 ± 0.53, respectively. In addition, labelling indicated by the aforementioned stains were 10.55%, 11.55%, 16.97%, 15.00% and 10.23%. Notably, the labelled retrosplenial neurons underwent a non-significant increase with progression of animal age at the first post-natal year. However, they declined thereafter toward senility. Qualitatively, there were three types of coated neuronal circuits at the RSC of rats: PGs-, GPs- and PGs/GPs- coated cells, which comprised 9%, 64% and 27%, respectively. This data indicated that the GPs- and GPs/PGs- coated neurons in the RSC of albino rats were more prevalent than the PGs- coated ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Perineuronal nets (PNs) of condensed extracellular matrix (ECM) have been shown to characterize the microenvironment of individual neurons and the chemoarchitecture of some brain regions. In the present study, PNs in the hippocampus were visualized with a cationic iron colloid method for sulphated proteoglycan content and a plant lectin from Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) for N-acetylgalactosamine containing glycoconjugates. The ECM molecules were organized in reticular coats (PNs) around non-pyramidal cells in the Ammons horn (Corneu Ammons, CA) and subicular region, in addition to pyramidal neurons located in CA2 and CA3 regions. CA2 stratum pyramidale exhibited the most intense staining of its PNs and a diffuse intervening neutrophil labelling, while CA3 region showed a graded fashion of staining intensity. The subiculum displayed intensely stained perineuronal coats. Notably, the hippocampal perineuronal nets revealed overlapped staining characteristics with both staining methods. However, cell coats of the subicular neurons showed various degrees of labelling characteristics with both markers. It is suggested that the PNs in the hippocampus are correlated with the fast spiking inhibitory GABAergic neurons and their target pyramidal cells, and this is important to keep the excitatory elements under control and therefore control the information processes within the hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 18 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Under acute conditions, maxillofacial injuries may be treated without the opportunity for an assessment of occlusal irregularities, even when there are mandibular fractures, because life-threatening injuries have priority over occlusion. Consequently, mandibular fractures may result in post-trauma malocclusion and facial deformity.The case history reported is of amale patient who had been involved in a traffic accident in childhood and suffered mandibular fractures. The initial incomplete man- agement resulted in persistent deformation of the mandible, disturbance of dental occlusion and difficulty in mastication. These irregularities were corrected during childhood by non-operative orthodontic treatment.When the patient reached adulthood, some permanent teeth were malformed because the fractures had damaged some tooth germs. However, the permanent dentition in general was almost normal as a result of the corrected primary dentition. Although the alveolar deformity due to the injury remained, the mandibular base was satisfactorily remodelled.The case reported supports the view that early restoration of normal dental occlusion before the eruption of permanent teeth contributes to the establishment of good functional dental occlusion of the permanent teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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