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  • 1
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Hair treatment chemicals induce sudden and severe hair damage. In this study, we examined cuticles from untreated, permed, and bleached hair that were mechanically discriminated by shaking in water. Both perming and bleaching treatments are prone to easily delaminate cuticles. Confocal microscopy revealed that the cuticles of permed hair were delaminated with larger pieces than untreated ones. On the other hand, the cuticles of bleached hair tend to fragment into small peptides. At the minimum concentration of thioglycolate required to elute S100A3 protein from the endocuticle into the reductive permanent waving lotion, enlarged delaminated cuticle fragments were observed. Although S100A3 is retained in bleached hair, S100A3 is irreversibly oxidized upon bleaching treatment. It is likely that the oxidative cleavage of disulfide bonds between cuticle-constituting proteins, including S100A3, results in the fragile property of cuticles. Here we present a more comprehensive model of hair damage based on a diverse mechanism of cuticle delamination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 744-746 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Receiving higher emphasis on the neutral beam (NB) off-axis current drive, the NB system is being highlighted for the steady state operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). To fulfill the physics requirement of heating and current drive, the NB system delivers ∼50 MW of D0 beams at 1 MeV into the ITER plasmas. The NB injector was designed so as to minimize the axial length, to avoid cost impact on the building. It was estimated by nuclear analyses that the insulation gas around the beam source would cause radiation induced conductivity, which would result in a power dissipation of 〉100 kW in the gas itself. As a result the present design utilizes vacuum insulation around the beam source. Since the vacuum pressure inside/outside the beam source ranges 10−1–10−2 Pa, both gas (glow) and vacuum arc discharges are taken into account in the design. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Goblet cell metaplasia is a pathologic characteristic of asthma, associated with excess mucus secretion. Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 plays an important role in mucus hypersecretion. Suplatast tosilate (suplatast), an antiallergic agent, is a Th2 cytokine inhibitor that suppresses the synthesis of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eosinophilic airway inflammation.Objective:  We examined the effects of suplatast on mucus production in bronchial biopsy specimens taken from asthmatic subjects.Methods:  Oral suplatast 300 mg daily, or placebo was administered for 3 months in a double-blind, parallel-group study in 25 patients with asthma. Biopsy specimens were evaluated at before and after treatment for alcian blue/period acid-Schiff (AB/PAS), MUC5AC staining in bronchial epithelium and IL-4+, IL-13+ cells as well as inflammatory cells in lamina propria.Results:  There were significant decreases in the percentage of AB/PAS (P 〈 0.01) and MUC5AC (P 〈 0.01) stained area in the suplatast group. These changes were accompanied by significant decreases in IL-4+ and IL-13+ cells in suplatast-treated subjects. Additionally, we have observed that the number of infiltrating eosinophils and CD4+ T cells significantly decreased.Conclusions:  These findings suggest that suplatast prevents goblet cell metaplasia through modulation of Th2 cytokine production and the recruitment of eosinophils and CD4+ T cells in the asthmatic airways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Development of the negative-ion sources has been conducted to realize a high power neutral beam injector for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). A high negative-ion current density of 31 mA/cm2 (H−) at a very low pressure of 0.1 Pa has been produced in a cesium seeded multicusp plasma generator which has the same concept of the ITER source. For a vacuum insulated accelerator, a voltage holding experiment of long distance vacuum gaps up to ∼1.8 m has been performed. It was clarified that the transition region of product pressure distance (pd) from the vacuum breakdown to the gas discharge is about 0.2 Pa m which is high enough from the operating region of the ITER source. A prototype vacuum insulated accelerator was fabricated based on the experiment and tested. A high-energy H− beam acceleration up to 970 keV, 37 mA, and 1 s has been successfully demonstrated. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and objective:  It is still an open question why long junctional epithelium can proliferate and occupies the root surface following periodontal surgery or experimentally produced periodontitis, and why the epithelium repopulated once on the root surface is replaced by the connective tissue. The aim of this study is to investigate the proliferative activity of the newly formed regenerative connective tissue and long junctional epithelium during wound healing by staining argyrophilic proteins of the nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs).Methods:  Regenerative connective tissue and long junctional epithelium were experimentally created by insertion of a rubber piece between maxillary molars of rats for 1 week. After removal of the rubber, AgNORs parameters including nuclear area (NA), AgNORs area (AA), AgNORs percentage nuclear area (APNA), AgNORs number (AN) and nuclear number (NN) in regenerative connective tissue and long junctional epithelium were measured and analyzed statistically.Results:  APNA in long junctional epithelium after 1 and 4 weeks was over two times greater than that in the regenerative connective tissue. AA in long junctional epithelium was significantly higher than in regenerative connective tissue at 1 and at 4 weeks post-treatment. AN was higher in the central portion than at the root surface except at 20 weeks. APNA and AA decreased remarkably in long junctional epithelium at 12 weeks post-treatment (approximately half at 4 weeks), whereas in regenerative connective tissue, they did not change distinctly.Conclusions:  These results imply that long junctional epithelium cannot supply sufficient epithelial cells because of their significantly low rates of proliferation, consequently long junctional epithelium becomes shorter after 12 weeks, whereas the proliferative activity of regenerative connective tissue maintains the same level of proliferation, and ultimately long junctional epithelium is replaced by regenerative connective tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of clothing science & technology 12 (2000), S. 205-213 
    ISSN: 0955-6222
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In order to establish an objective method of evaluating ladies' garment fabrics by connecting the mechanical properties of ladies' garment fabrics to subjective evaluation, subjective assessments were examined by judges who work at textile mills or in the textile trade. We examined a method of deriving objective equations, a total hand value (THV) equation and a total appearance value (TAV) equation. The THV equation was derived directly from the mechanical properties of the fabrics and the TAV equation was derived from three mechanical parameters which are related to the beauty of garment appearance. In the case of the THV objective equation, the accuracy of regression was high within the same groups of judges; however, in the case of the TAV objective equation, accuracy was slightly low. Because there were few subjects and that caused deviation, the accuracy of prediction was slightly low; however, the objective evaluation was adequate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vibratory characteristics of three designs of the Class I Kennedy maxillary removable partial denture frameworks as the basic study. Their major connectors comprised a U-shaped palatal connector (UPC), single palatal bar (SPB), and anterior–posterior palatal bars (APB). Frequency response functions were measured when the framework was impacted. The modal shape was observed and the decay rate was calculated using modal analysis software. The results showed that the vibratory properties of each framework differed from each other. Within the range of frequencies from 10 to 2000 Hz, the UPC type had seven natural frequencies, while the SPB and the APB types had six. The UPC type had a greater number of natural modes accompanied by elastic deformation, including fluttering and twisting, than the other type, and the UPC type was considered to be unfavourable. The decay rate of the APB type was significantly higher than those of the UPC and the SPB types (P 〈 0·01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Dapsone (4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulphone) is a powerful therapeutic tool in many skin diseases including neutrophilic dermatoses. The drug has an outstanding therapeutic efficacy against many skin diseases characterized by neutrophil-rich infiltrates; however, mechanisms of its action are poorly understood.Objectives  We investigated the effects of dapsone on respiratory and secretory functions of human neutrophils triggered by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), the physiological agonist C5a, and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).Methods  Human neutrophils were isolated from venous blood obtained from healthy donors. We detected extracellular production of superoxide (O2–) by cytochrome C reduction assay, and intracellular production of O2– by flow cytometry. Neutrophil elastase release was measured by the cleavage of the specific elastase substrate N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. Measurement of cytosolic free calcium concentration was performed using the calcium-reactive fluorescence probe, Fluo-3.Results  Dapsone suppressed intra- and extracellular production of O2– and elastase release triggered by fMLP and C5a, but not by PMA. Both fMLP and C5a signalled the above pathways by inducing calcium influx, but PMA functions bypassed calcium influx. Dapsone was capable of antagonizing the induction of calcium influx.Conclusions  These findings suggest that one mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of dapsone is inhibition of calcium-dependent functions of neutrophils including release of tissue-damaging oxidants and proteases in the affected skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 421 (2003), S. 806-806 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Nature 421, 599–600, 2002 In the legend to Fig. 1a of this communication, the diameter of the transparent polycrystalline diamond shown is 1 mm, and not 0.1 mm as published; the scale divisions represent 0.1 mm. Also, the first full ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 363-365 (Apr. 2001), p. 337-339 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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