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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the circuitry responsible for primary afferent depolarization in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis of cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 405-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trigeminal nerve ; PAD ; Trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis ; Interneuron ; Subnucleus magnocellularis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Depth analysis was performed on the field potential evoked by stimulation of the infraorbital nerve in the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis and the subjacent lateral reticular formation of cats. It was shown by dye marking of the recording positions that each subnucleus of the nucleus caudalis (subnucleus marginalis, gelatinosus and magnocellularis) and the reticular formation could be differentiated from one another by the characteristics of the peripherally evoked field potentials. Responses of neurons were extracellularly recorded in the subnuclei gelatinosus and magnocellularis of the nucleus caudalis and in the reticular formation to stimulation of the trigeminal sensory branches (the frontal, infraorbital and lingual nerves), the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis of the thalamus and the cerebral cortex. The properties of the neurons were studied in relation to their thresholds, latencies, receptive fields (sensory branches effective for spike generation) and frequency-following capacities. These responses were then compared with properties of the PAD induced in the fibers terminating in the nucleus caudalis by similar peripheral and central stimulation. It was found that the neurons in the subnucleus magnocellularis were the most likely candidates for the interneurons mediating the peripherally evoked disynaptic PAD in the trigeminal nerve fibers terminating in the nucleus caudalis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236179
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary afferent depolarization in the trigeminal spinal nucleus of cats (1977)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 29 (1977), S. 45-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Trigeminal nerve ; Primary afferent fiber ; Trigeminal spinal nucleus ; PAD ; Intra-axonal record
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Intra-axonal recordings were made from trigeminal primary afferent fibers in the trigeminal spinal nuclei oralis and caudalis of cats. Primary afferent depolarization (PAD) was evoked in these afferents by stimulation of the trigeminal peripheral sensory branches (the frontal, infraorbital and lingual nerves), the cerebral cortex and the trigeminal spinal nucleus caudalis. The properties of the PAD, including the threshold, latency, receptive field (sensory branches effective for PAD induction) and frequency-following capacity, were studied with the following results: 1. Stimulation of all the peripheral branches tested as well as the cerebral cortex could evoke PAD in the same single fiber. The latency of the PAD evoked by stimulation of the nerve in which the fiber being recorded from was included was generally shorter than that evoked by other branches. The PAD evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation was assumed to be disynaptic in some cases. 2. The peripherally evoked PAD was chiefly attributable to low threshold afferents in the stimulated sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve. 3. The peripherally evoked PAD could follow stimulation at up to 30/sec, though the amplitude was reduced. 4. Stimulation of the nucleus caudalis could evoke PAD with disynaptic latency in the majority of the fibers terminating in the same nucleus, whereas it evoked PAD with mainly polysynaptic latency in the fibers terminating in the nucleus oralis. The results are discussed in relation to the neuronal circuitry responsible for induction of the trigeminal PAD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236874
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemorrhagic Complication Following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty for Carotid Stenosis (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1365-1368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Hyperperfusion syndrome; percutaneous transluminal angioplasty; transcranial doppler.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  We report 2 cases with haemorrhagic complications following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for carotid stenosis. Computed tomography (CT) scanning of these cases demonstrated diffuse subarachnoid haemorrhage in 1 case, and intracerebral haemorrhage in the other case on the next day after PTA. In the latter case, we measured cerebral blood flow velocity and mean transit time with transcranial doppler (TCD) and dynamic CT scan, which demonstrated remarkable increases in the blood flow velocity and peak height, respectively. From these results, postoperative hyperperfusion was suggested to have caused haemorrhagic complications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attitudes to oral care among caregivers in Japanese nursing homes (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Gerodontology 18 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-2358
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate oral care practice and awareness of it among caregivers in Japanese nursing homes.Methods: Caregivers were surveyed by means of a self-administered questionnaire designed to elicit the following information: awareness of oral care, its importance, the burden involved in oral care, and systemization of oral care.Results: The results showed that most caregivers are adequately informed of the importance of oral care, but are inadequately educated in oral care and have little training in systematic oral care.Conclusion: The importance of providing appropriate and systematic oral care training must be stressed among caregivers along with the need to develop equipment to simplify and support oral care.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2001.00002.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coherent dynamics of a flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator (2004)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the emerging field of quantum computation and quantum information, superconducting devices are promising candidates for the implementation of solid-state quantum bits (qubits). Single-qubit operations, direct coupling between two qubits and the realization of a quantum gate have been ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02831
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum oscillations in two coupled charge qubits (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 421 (2003), S. 823-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A practical quantum computer, if built, would consist of a set of coupled two-level quantum systems (qubits). Among the variety of qubits implemented, solid-state qubits are of particular interest because of their potential suitability for integrated devices. A variety of qubits based on ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature01365
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of conditional gate operation using superconducting charge qubits (2003)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 425 (2003), S. 941-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Following the demonstration of coherent control of the quantum state of a superconducting charge qubit, a variety of qubits based on Josephson junctions have been implemented. Although such solid-state devices are not currently as advanced as microscopic qubits based on nuclear magnetic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pruritus-associated response mediated by cutaneous histamine H3 receptors (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Histamine is one of the most common chemical mediators causing pruritus, and H1 receptor antagonists have been used as a first choice in its treatment. On the other hand, although the presence of H3 receptors has been identified in the skin, few studies have investigated the involvement of H3 receptors on pruritus.Objective  The purpose of this study was to examine whether H3 receptor agonist or antagonist influences the incidence of scratching behaviour in ICR or mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice.Methods  The mice were given an intradermal injection of H3 receptor agonist or antagonist into the rostral part of the back, and the occurrence of scratching behaviour at the injected site by the hind paws was counted over 60 min.Results  H3 receptor antagonists, thioperamide and AQ0145 significantly increased the incidence of scratching behaviour in ICR mice. H3 receptor agonist, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, had no effect. On the other hand, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine significantly inhibited thioperamide or AQ0145-induced scratching behaviour. In addition, both thioperamide and AQ0145 elicited scratching behaviour in mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice.Conclusion  From these results, it may be concluded that H3 receptors are involved in the modulation of pruritus in the skin, and mast cells are not essential in this response. In addition, H3 receptor agonists can be useful as a novel therapeutic approach against pruritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01876.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic analysis and knoop hardness measurement of the cavity floor prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation in vitro (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  In the present study, the compositional changes and knoop hardness of the cavity floor prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation was compared with that of the conventional bur cavity. Fifteen laser and 15 bur cavities were cross-sectioned, and subjected to atomic analysis by SEM-EDX and knoop hardness test. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test; a value of P 〈 0·01 was considered significant. Surface characteristics of the prepared cavities were also investigated by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the quantities of Ca (Ca weight %) and P (P weight %) were increased significantly in the laser cavity floor but no significant differences were found between the Ca/P ratio and knoop hardness number of laser and bur cavities. The SEM observation revealed that the lased cavity surface was irregular and there was also the absence of a smear layer; the orifice of dentinal tubules was exposed. Er,Cr:YSGG laser device is considered as one of the most effective and safe devices for cavity preparation because of its many advantages. This includes easy delivery system, minimal thermal damage to the surrounding tissues, minimal thermal-induced changes of dental hard tissue compositions, and favourable surface characteristic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01113.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetry in jaw-jerk reflex latency in craniomandibular dysfunction patients with unilateral masseter pain (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 27 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of unilateral masseter muscle pain on the jaw-jerk reflex. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of bilateral electromyographic activity recorded at the masseter muscles during the jaw-jerk reflex were measured in 18 patients with craniomandibular dysfunction (CMD) with strictly unilateral masseter pain or tenderness and 10 control subjects using a computerized recording and analysis system. The reflex was elicited, at the mandibular rest position, by tapping the centre of the chin downwards with a reflex hammer incorporating a microswitch that triggered the sweep of the recording apparatus upon contact with the chin. In the CMD group, the jaw-jerk latency on the affected side (6·89±0·98 ms) was significantly shorter (P〈0·01) than that on the unaffected side (7·59±0·92 ms). In the control group, there was no difference between the jaw-jerk latencies on the right (7·06±0·64 ms) and the left (7·08±0·65 ms) sides. The range of side asymmetry for jaw-jerk latencies in the CMD group was greater than that in the control group. In six patients, the latency difference exceeded 1 ms. The asymmetry of latency of the jaw-jerk reflex was thought to be due to facilitation on the side with masseter pain or tenderness. This facilitation on the ipsilateral side might be produced by enhanced gamma drive induced by sustained nociceptive stimulation. Such effects may be related with clinically derived concepts regarding such muscle dysfunction as myospastic activity or trigger points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2000.00595.x
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