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  • 1
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: While the enormous clinical and psychosocial importance of pruritus in many areas of medicine and the detrimental effects of chronic ‘itch’ on the quality of life of an affected individual are widely appreciated, the complexity of this sensation is still often grossly underestimated. The current Controversies feature highlights this complexity by portraying pruritus as a truly interdisciplinary problem at the crossroads of neurophysiology, neuroimmunology, neuropharmacology, protease research, internal medicine, and dermatology, which is combated most successfully if one keeps the multilayered nature of ‘itch’ in mind and adopts a holistic treatment approach – beyond the customary, frequently frustrane monotherapy with histamine receptor antagonists. In view of the often unsatisfactory, unidimensional, and altogether rather crude standard instruments for pruritus management that we still tend to use in clinical practice today, an interdisciplinary team of pruritus experts here critically examines recent progress in pruritus research that future itch management must take into consideration. Focusing on new insights into the neuroimmunological, neuroendocrine, and neurophysiological bases of pruritus, and discussing available neuropharmacological tools, specific research avenues are highlighted, whose pursuit promises to lead to novel, and hopefully more effective, forms of pruritus management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Effects of anti-Parkinsonian drugs on neurobehavioural changes induced by bilateral lesions of dopaminergic neurons were investigated in rats.2. Dopaminergic neurons in rats were lesioned bilaterally by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 8 μg) into the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the posterolateral hypothalamus. As a result, a decrease in locomotor activity and marked catalepsy and prolongation of grasping time were observed.3. Levodopa, talipexole, bromocriptine and theophylline dose-dependently antagonized the decrease in locomotor activity induced by bilateral 6-OHDA lesions. These drugs also showed antagonistic effects on the appearance of catalepsy and prolongation of grasping time induced by bilateral 6-OHDA lesions. In contrast, trihexyphenidyl showed no antagonizing effect on the neurobehavioural changes induced by 6-OHDA lesions at any concentration tested.4. Combined treatment with levodopa and talipexole antagonized the neurobehavioural changes induced by bilateral 6-OHDA lesions, whereas no marked changes were observed when either drug was administered separately. The same findings were noted with the simultaneous use of either levodopa (2 mg/kg) and theophylline (2 mg/kg) or talipexole (0.005 mg/kg) and theophylline (2 mg/kg).5. These results indicate that this model may be useful for estimating the effects of drugs in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Histamine is one of the most common chemical mediators causing pruritus, and H1 receptor antagonists have been used as a first choice in its treatment. On the other hand, although the presence of H3 receptors has been identified in the skin, few studies have investigated the involvement of H3 receptors on pruritus.Objective  The purpose of this study was to examine whether H3 receptor agonist or antagonist influences the incidence of scratching behaviour in ICR or mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice.Methods  The mice were given an intradermal injection of H3 receptor agonist or antagonist into the rostral part of the back, and the occurrence of scratching behaviour at the injected site by the hind paws was counted over 60 min.Results  H3 receptor antagonists, thioperamide and AQ0145 significantly increased the incidence of scratching behaviour in ICR mice. H3 receptor agonist, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, had no effect. On the other hand, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine significantly inhibited thioperamide or AQ0145-induced scratching behaviour. In addition, both thioperamide and AQ0145 elicited scratching behaviour in mast cell-deficient WBB6F1-W/WV mice.Conclusion  From these results, it may be concluded that H3 receptors are involved in the modulation of pruritus in the skin, and mast cells are not essential in this response. In addition, H3 receptor agonists can be useful as a novel therapeutic approach against pruritus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 149 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Although the roles of histamine H3 receptors have been studied in several tissues such as the brain, lung, spleen, colon and peripheral sensory nerve endings, the involvement of H3 receptors in skin responses particularly in relation to scratching behaviour are not well documented. Objectives This work was performed to study the effects of histamine H3 antagonists on scratching behaviour in mast cell-deficient mice. Methods Histamine H3 antagonists iodophenpropit and clobenpropit, histamine and substance P were injected intradermally into the rostral part of the back of mast cell-deficient (WBB6F1 W/Wv) and wild-type (WBB6F1+/+) mice and scratching behaviour was measured for 60 min. The effects of H1 antagonists on scratching behaviour induced by H3 antagonists were also investigated. Results Intradermal injection of iodophenpropit and clobenpropit at doses of 10 and 100 nmol per site caused significant increases in scratching behaviour in both mast cell-deficient and wild-type mice. Histamine also caused a dose-related increase in the incidence of scratching behaviour, and a significant effect was observed at a dose of 100 nmol per site in both mast cell-deficient and wild-type mice. Substance P was also effective in causing scratching behaviour in both mast cell-deficient and wild-type mice. However, histamine H1 antagonists diphenhydramine and chlorphenamine failed to inhibit H3 antagonist-induced scratching behaviour in both types of mice. Conclusions Our results indicated that intradermal injection of H3 antagonists induces scratching behaviour and that chemical mediators other than histamine seem to be involved in the response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 879-880 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of EEG in 8 male rats from 4 to 16 weeks age were studied chronically. Theta band had the highest power at 5–16 weeks. Especially after 11 weeks, theta band presented a signigicantly higher peak than that of 4-week-old. In contrast to this, delta band, which had the highest power at 4 weeks, was markedly decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Le PF-257 ou chlorhydrate de benzisoxalzole-1,2 acétamidoxime-3 produit des effets variés sur le système nerveux central des animaux. Le profil pharmacologique et l'action fondamentale de cet agent paraissent nouveaux, comparés à ceux des psychotropiques actuels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 1025-1026 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Studies of the analgesic effect of tripeptide-β-phenethylamides are described, and their structure-activity relationship is discussed. SD-25, which has a methyl group at R2, and a hydroxymethyl group at R3 of β-phenethylamide, was the most potent one of the 8 analogs tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 15 (1984), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three methods were used to study the analgesic effect of intracerebral injection of histamine (Hi) on mice: the writhing test (acetic acid and phenylquinone), the electrical stimulation of the tail and the hot plate test. At doses higher than 2 μg, Hi inhibited the writhing syndrome significantly, and at doses of 10 μg or higher, Hi displayed a marked analgesic effect during both the electrical stimulation and hot plate methods. The saline injection produced only a negligible effect. Simultaneous application of Hi and 10 μg of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine or promethazine, apparently causing no analgesic effect from a single administration, caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of Hi to the right. ED50 of Hi was increased approximately 2, 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively. However, cimetidine did not reveal any antagonistic effect on Hi-induced analgesia. Subcutaneously administered, 3 mg/kg of morphine augmented the analgesic effect of Hi. In accordance with this, pretreatment of naloxone (0.005 mg/kg) antagonized the analgesic action of Hi almost completely. When 5 mg/kg of leucine-enkephalin, less than the minimum effective dose, was given prior to Hi injection, the analgesic effect of Hi was enhanced. In addition, 10 and 20 μg of Hi increased the morphine analgesia markedly and parallel shifted the dose-response curve of morphine to the left.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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