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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Excitatory effect of histamine on EEGs of the cortex and thalamus in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 27 (1989), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract When low frequency electrical stimulations were repeatedly applied to the rat midbrain reticular formation, the EEG spectral power recorded at the cortex and thalamus increased markedly, especially in the low frequency bands (0–6 Hz). The intraventricular administration of histamine (Hi) inhibited this increase. Hi-induced inhibition was antagonized by simultaneous injection of an equimolar dose of either pyrilamine or diphenhydramine, but not by that of cimetidine. In accordance with this, 2-methylHi decreased the power in the slow wave region, while 4-methylHi was not effective. It was assumed that the EEG arousal effect of Hi is exerted via H1 receptors but not related to H2 receptors. Adverse effects of H1 blockers on the brain, such as drowsiness, may be produced as a consequence of this inhibitory action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02222218
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclophosphamide inhibits the development of diabetes in the diabetes-prone BB rat (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 986-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: KeywordsBB rat ; Cytokines ; Cyclophosphamide ; Immunoregulatory cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Cyclophosphamide has been shown to augment the diabetic process in NOD mouse and BB rat models of Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Because cyclophosphamide has, however, been shown to increase immunoregulatory cell activity, we examined if cyclophosphamide treatment increases immunoregulatory cell activity and inhibits the diabetic process in BB rats. Methods. The development of insulitis and diabetes was explored in BB rats treated with saline and cyclophosphamide (60 to 175 mg/kg body weight). Subsets of spleen cells were assessed by flow cytometry and cytokine gene expression by RT-PCR. To determine if cyclophosphamide induces immunoregulatory cell activity, the development of diabetes was assessed in BB rats injected with spleen cells from rats treated with saline and cyclophosphamide. Results. All dosages of cyclophosphamide decreased the development of diabetes. The degree of insulitis was lower in pancreata from 55-day-old rats treated with cyclophosphamide than those from controls. Cyclophosphamide caused no alterations in the numbers of NK cells, T-cell subsets, or RT6.1+ T cells. The adoptive transfer of spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated rats to BB rats inhibited the development of diabetes. Cyclophosphamide treatment decreased IL-12, IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α gene expressions in mononuclear spleen cells but IL-4 gene expression increased. Conclusion/interpretation. These findings show that cyclophosphamide treatment decreases the development of diabetes by inhibiting the development of insulitis. This inhibitory action of cyclophosphamide on the diabetic process seems to be mediated by the induction of immunoregulatory cell activity. The suppression of cytokines that promote Th1 cell differentiation by cyclophosphamide treatment could also play a part in the diabetes sparing effect of cyclophosphamide. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 986–994]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051480
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Colonic wall thickening in cirrhotic patients: CT features and its clinical significance (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 125-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Gastrointestinal edema—Edema cirrhosis—Colon edema—CT.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: To evaluate the computed tomographic (CT) features of colonic wall thickening in cirrhotic patients and to determine their prognostic value. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 cirrhotic patients with colonic wall thickening (≥10 mm) on CT. Twenty-six of the 28 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma. The severity of hepatic dysfunction was determined by using the Child–Pugh classification. We analyzed the patterns of bowel wall thickening and degree of portal hypertension on CT and the survival periods after initial CT detection of colonic wall thickening. Results: The involved segment of the colon was diffusely thickened with either scalloped or nodular circumferential configuration. In all patients, the thickened colonic wall enhanced poorly. Although the ascending colon was involved in all patients, the transverse (n= 14) or descending (n= 5) colon was also simultaneously involved. Most patients exhibited an advanced stage of portal hypertension on CT. The median survival period of 25 patients who expired was 34 days, and 21 patients (84%) expired within 3 months. Conclusions: Colonic wall thickening on CT can be used as one of the indicators of poor prognosis in cirrhotic patients. Advanced liver cirrhosis with significantly severe dysfunction is the likely cause of mortality. Therefore, a less aggressive therapeutic approach is recommended if hepatocellular carcinoma is coexistent in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900459
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Si-TaSi2 in situ composites by synchrotron white beam topography and by double axis diffractometry (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1737-1742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In situ Si-TaSi2 composites are studied by synchrotron white beam topography and by double axis diffractometry. These results show that the single crystal Si matrix is of excellent quality: Rocking curve widths are between 40 and 60 s of arc, and the topographs do not exhibit asterism. Diffuse radial streaks in the Laue patterns originate from diffraction by the TaSi2 rods in the matrix: The K-absorption edge of filters placed in the incident x-ray beam produces a sharp change in contrast in the streaks, and this is used to determine the d spacings present in the streaks and to show that considerable preferred orientation exists between the TaSi2 rods and the Si matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354081
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Presence of Megamitochondria in the Ellipsoid of Photoreceptor Inner Segment of the Zebrafish Retina (2005)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 34 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Although the megamitochondria (MM) were localized in various pathological conditions, normal retina of some mammalian species was reported to include MM for various physiological roles. However, it was not clearly confirmed whether the MM is present in the retina of lower vertebrate as well. In this study, we tried to show the presence of the MM in the zebrafish retina using electron microscopic technique. In all the photoreceptors including rods, cones and double cones of the zebrafish retina, MM were observed in the ellipsoid of inner segment. In the photoreceptor epllipsoid of the zebrafish retina, the mitochondria located in the central portion of the ellipsoid had a highly electron-dense matrix, which were accompanied by the mitochondria with electron-lucent matrix in the apical portion of the ellipsoid. The presence of MM was more clearly discernable in the rods, which were localized under the double cones. This finding is somewhat different from those observed in the previous studies because MM were localized in the inner segment of cones, but were not in those of rods in the case of mammalian retina. Although the exact physiological meaning for the presence of MM in some vertebrate species should be further studied, the present study could show that the MM in the ellipsoid of the retinal photoreceptors was not only restricted in some mammalian species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00612.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multiple-slit collimator for synchrotron white-beam section topography (1989)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 22 (1989), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A multiple slit for simultaneously recording up to ten section topographs is described for use with synchrotron white radiation. Two collimators were fabricated from a GaAs crystal and a Ta sheet by laser machining; the spacing was 1 mm between each of the ten parallel 50 μm × 10 mm slits. The longest dimension of the slits was in the horizontal plane, and rotations of the multiple slit between 20 and 25° from normal to the incident beam (i.e. about an axis parallel to slits) produced the sharpest Pendellösung fringe patterns from a dislocation-free Si crystal. The Ta multiple slit proved to be much superior to the GaAs slits, but background levels were somewhat higher than for single slits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889888009847
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature oxidation of Fe-16.7% Mn-2.1% Ni-6.6% Si alloy in SO2 (1989)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 31 (1989), S. 167-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: mixed oxidation ; sulfur dioxide ; austenitic alloys ; silicate scale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of an austenitic Fe-16.7% Mn-2.1% Ni-6.6% Si (by weight) alloy in SO2 in the temperature range 600–900°C is described. The corrosion products formed on this alloy in this environment below 800°C consist only of oxides, rather than a mixture of oxides and sulfides as is observed for unalloyed Fe or Mn. The kinetics of oxidation of the alloy in SO2 in this temperature range are similar to those in O2. It is proposed that these characteristics result from the presence of a thin silicate layer near the scale-metal interface that alters the gradient of oxygen potential within the scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665492
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late Quaternary sedimentation in the Kadeok region, Korea (2000)
    Springer
    Geo-marine letters 20 (2000), S. 72-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of high-resolution seismic-reflection data and geological samples revealed the characteristics of Quaternary sedimentation in the Kadeok region at the opening of the Nakdong River. The sediments comprise two layers, i.e., a 20- to 45-m-thick Holocene mud layer, and a coarser late-Pleistocene layer deposited in a fluvial environment. Sedimentological variations in the late-Pleistocene layer to the west and east of Kadeok Island are due to differences in channel maturity prior to the Holocene transgression. Holocene mud in the sea to the west of Kadeok Island was transported through a passway north of the island.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003670000037
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of certain H1-blockers on the step-through active avoidance response in rats (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 102 (1990), S. 312-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: H1-blockers ; Active avoidance ; Retention ; Acquisition ; Chronic administration ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitory effects of some newly developed H1-blockers on the step-through active avoidance response in rats were studied in comparison with those of classical H1-blockers. Single administration of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine, promethazine and chlorpheniramine caused dose-related depressant effects on the active avoidance response. Ketotifen and azelastine caused less potent inhibition than the classical H1-blockers, while the effects of astemizole and oxatomide were almost negligible in suppressing the response. Following chronic administration of pyrilamine and promethazine, the acquisition of active avoidance response was significantly retarded compared with the control group, where-as new H1-blockers caused a somewhat but not significantly slower acquisition than the control group. Chronic administration of astemizole and oxatomide caused only transient suppression of the response. However, classical H1-blockers such as pyrilamine and promethazine caused sustained inhibition for as long as drug administration was continued.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02244096
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analgesic effect of histamine induced by intracerebral injection into mice (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 15 (1984), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three methods were used to study the analgesic effect of intracerebral injection of histamine (Hi) on mice: the writhing test (acetic acid and phenylquinone), the electrical stimulation of the tail and the hot plate test. At doses higher than 2 μg, Hi inhibited the writhing syndrome significantly, and at doses of 10 μg or higher, Hi displayed a marked analgesic effect during both the electrical stimulation and hot plate methods. The saline injection produced only a negligible effect. Simultaneous application of Hi and 10 μg of diphenhydramine, pyrilamine or promethazine, apparently causing no analgesic effect from a single administration, caused a parallel shift of the dose-response curve of Hi to the right. ED50 of Hi was increased approximately 2, 2.8 and 3.8 times, respectively. However, cimetidine did not reveal any antagonistic effect on Hi-induced analgesia. Subcutaneously administered, 3 mg/kg of morphine augmented the analgesic effect of Hi. In accordance with this, pretreatment of naloxone (0.005 mg/kg) antagonized the analgesic action of Hi almost completely. When 5 mg/kg of leucine-enkephalin, less than the minimum effective dose, was given prior to Hi injection, the analgesic effect of Hi was enhanced. In addition, 10 and 20 μg of Hi increased the morphine analgesia markedly and parallel shifted the dose-response curve of morphine to the left.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972339
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