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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systemic and Cerebral Haemodynamics During Craniotomy Under Mild Hypothermia in Patients with Acute Subarachnoid Haemorrhage (2000)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 142 (2000), S. 1013-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Haemodynamics; cerebral circulation; mild hypothermia; subarachnoid haemorrhage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary ¶ Background. Mild hypothermia provides cerebral protection against ischaemic insults in various animal models. We compared systemic and cerebral oxygenation between mild hypothermic and normothermic management in 60 patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage who underwent clipping of cerebral aneurysms.  Method. The temperature in the pulmonary artery was maintained at 36°C in 28 patients and was reduced to 34°C in 32 patients. Parameters in the systemic and cerebral haemodynamics from pulmonary artery and internal jugular vein catheters were compared between the two groups immediately after the induction of anaesthesia (T1), and just before temporary occlusion or aneurysm clipping (T2).  Findings. Cardiac index, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, and oxygen saturation of the jugular bulb were significantly lower at T2 in hypothermic group (H) (2.9±0.6 L/min/m2, 400.8±106.3 ml/min·m2, 87.0±14.8 ml/min·m2, 55.2±6.6%, respectively) than in normothermic group (N) (3.7±0.6, 521.0±105.5, 109.9±21.7, 60.9±6.6) (p〈0.05). The arterial lactate and arteriojugular difference in oxygen content were significantly higher in H (2.3±1.3 mmol/L, 6.5±1.5 ml/dl, respectively) than in N (1.7±1.0, 5.6±1.2) (p〈0.05). Arteriojugular differences in carbon dioxide tension and hydrogen ion content were significantly lower at T2 in H (−10.8±2.1 mm Hg, −6.4±1.3 nmol/L, respectively) than in N (−8.9±2.8, −5.3±1.0) (p〈0.05).  Interpretation. The balance between oxygen supply and demand systemically and in the brain may worsen during aneurysm surgery for patients with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage under mild hypothermia. Oxygenation of the brain and the whole body should be monitored closely during this surgery, and adequate circulatory assistance is recommended under mild hypothermia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010070056
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of domain refined grain-oriented silicon steel by grooving : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6609-6611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Recently a heat-proof magnetic domain refining technique has been developed which is characterized by the introduction of grooves on a surface of steel sheet after final cold rolling. In this paper, magnetic properties and the domain refining effect of grooving are investigated. A grooving process is constituted by resist printing on the surface of steel sheets after final cold rolling and succeeding electrolytic etching. The grooves were introduced almost perpendicular to the rolling direction of steel sheets. The width and depth of each grove are about 200 and 20 μm, respectively. With this newly developed method, about 10% reduction in iron loss was achieved and less than 0.34 W/lb at 1.5 T, 60 Hz was obtained. Using this new material, the iron loss of wound core transformers can be reduced by about 10% as compared with nongrooved material. Domain width was dramatically reduced by grooving, which caused the reduction of eddy current loss. This reduction is considered to be caused by the demagnetizing field effect due to free poles in the vicinity of grooves. It was clarified that in grooved sheets the magnetization on the ungrooved surfaces proceeded faster than on the grooved surfaces and therefore, hysteresis loss and magnetizing characteristics did not deteriorate by grooving.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352526
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical and magnetic properties of light rare-earth Heusler single crystals RInCu2, R=La, Pr, Nd, and Sm : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4645-4647 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical resistivity ρ and magnetic properties of light rare-earth Heusler single crystals RInCu2, R=La, Pr, Nd, and Sm, have been measured in the temperature range 1.3–300 K. No anomalies due to magnetic transitions were found in the temperature dependence of ρ and magnetic susceptibility χ above 4.2 K. Pr and Nd Heusler compounds have large negative paramagnetic Curie temperatures −19 and −29 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of χ is discussed on the basis of the crystalline field effect. For Sm compound, χ(T) is discussed by means of Van Vleck paramagnetism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348283
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A spice model of orthogonal-core transformers : 35th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 4928-4930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This paper deals with a numerical model of orthogonal-core transformers for use in spice. The model was devised on the basis of the magnetic circuit of the orthogonal-core with the saturation and hysteresis effects. Using the numerical model, the behavior of the dc-ac converter constructed with the orthogonal-core transformers and square-wave transistor choppers was analyzed. The calculated values and measured ones show a good agreement. The method presented here is suitable for the circuit analysis and design optimization of the dc-ac converter taking account of nonlinear characteristics of the orthognal-cores and semiconductor devices used in the converter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348178
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The thermoelectric properties and crystallography of Bi-Sb-Te-Se thin films grown by ion beam sputtering (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1252-1260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of the substrate temperature on the composition and microstructure of Bi-Sb-Te-Se thin films are discussed and related to the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity. The films were prepared on silica substrates by argon ion beam sputtering. The effect of subsequent heat treatment is also discussed. The composition becomes stoichiometric at the substrate temperature around 500 K at which the Seebeck coefficient has a maximum and the resistivity has a minimum. The Seebeck coefficient changes its sign at the substrate temperature around 340 K. The crystal structure of the films deposited at room temperature is identified as the rock-salt type, and the change of the thermoelectric properties as a function of the substrate temperature can be mainly attributed to the volume fraction of the Bi2Te3 and rock-salt structures. The subsequent heat treatment is effective in improving the power factor of the stoichiometric thin films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353266
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pressure effect of the Curie temperature in TbAl2 (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 5298-5299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The pressure effect of the ferromagnetic Curie temperature in Tb(Al1−xCox)2, 0≤x≤0.1 was measured by the induction method under hydrostatic pressure. The Curie temperatures of these compounds increased with increasing pressure and the derivative dTc/dp as a function of cobalt concentration did not change so much compared with that of Gd(Al1−xCox)2 [Sato et al., J. Phys. (Paris) Colloq. 49, C8-453 (1988)]. These results are discussed on the basis of the RKKY model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.344588
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion properties of Al in ZnTe substrates (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 1989-1990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to fabricate intrinsic pn junctions in p-type ZnTe substrates for realizing pure-green light-emitting diodes, Al was used as the diffusion species. We found that the Al diffusion region is observed as a dark region image by scanning electron microscopy. Al was diffused over a wide range of annealing temperatures and times. It was found that the activation energies of Al diffusion into p-type ZnTe substrates were 1.9±0.1 eV and the diffusion coefficient was given by D=20 exp(−1.9/kT) cm2/s. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287235
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A global dynamo in a reversed-field pinch plasma (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 2876-2881 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is found that a reversed-field pinch (RFP) dynamo uniformly generates most of the toroidal flux in a RFP plasma with a high magnetic Reynolds (S) number. Hereafter, this is referred to as the global dynamo. The toroidal flux generated by the global dynamo is proportional to the plasma current. The effective inductance in a RFP plasma increases with S number and remains constant against the changing plasma current. This means that the pinch parameter aitch-theta is held constant, that is, the global dynamo has a self-organizing effect sustaining a particular RFP configuration. By comparing simulation results and analysis of magnetic fluctuations, it is confirmed that a global dynamo is generated by the nonlinear evolution of the single-helicity of the m=1 mode alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870527
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic tunnel junctions on magnetic shield smoothed by gas cluster ion beam (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6653-6655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, a technique, gas cluster ion beam (GCIB), was introduced to smooth the bottom NiFe magnetic shield for magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) read heads. The GCIB treatment can bring the surface roughness of the shield from 15 to 20 Å to around 5 Å, and the most of scratch marks can be removed. The efficiency of the GCIB process is dependent on the initial surface morphology. The MTJs grown on the magnetic shield smoothed by the GCIB show that the resistance area product RA is increased from 60 to ∼100 Ω μm2 with the GCIB dose up to 1×1016 ions/cm2, arising from a smooth insulating layer, meanwhile, the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is almost constant or slightly decreases. This GCIB process can also improve breakdown voltage (approximately 0.019 V per 1015 ions/cm2) of the MTJs, and slightly increase the ferromagnetic coupling mainly due to the change of the surface morphology. Using this technology, an RA as low as 3.5–6.5 Ω μm2 together with a TMR of 14%–18% can be obtained for MTJs grown on the GCIB treated NiFe magnetic shield. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1359217
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a high-resolution x-ray imaging system with a charge-coupled-device detector coupled with crystal x-ray magnifiers (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4449-4456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high-spatial-resolution x-ray imaging system for microscopic use has been developed, which utilizes a charge-coupled-device (CCD) detector as an imaging device. The spatial resolution of the x-ray CCD detector with Gd2O2S:Tb is 8.0 μm in terms of the full width at half-maximum of the line-spread function with a conversion gain of 0.58 e-h/xph. In order to obtain a higher spatial resolution, x-ray magnifiers based on asymmetric Si(111) Bragg reflections are placed in front of the x-ray CCD detector. The spatial resolution of this imaging system has been improved to 1.2 μm. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322588
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