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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Laser plasma interactions in a relativistic parameter regime have been intensively investigated for studying the possibility of fast ignition in inertial confinement fusion (ICF). Using ultra-intense laser systems and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation codes, relativistic laser light self-focusing, super hot electrons, ions, and neutron production, are studied. The experiments are performed with ultra-intense laser with 50 J energy, 0.5–1 ps pulse at 1053 nm laser wavelength at a laser intensity of 1019 W/cm2. Most of the laser shots are studied under preformed plasma conditions with a 100 μm plasma scale length condition. In the study of laser pulse behavior in the preformed plasmas, a special mode has been observed which penetrated the preformed plasma all the way very close to the original planar target surface. On these shots, super hot electrons have been observed with its energy peak exceeding 1 MeV. The energy transport of the hot electrons has been studied with making use of Kα emissions from a seeded metal layer in planar targets. The details of ion acceleration followed by beam fusion reaction have been studied with neutron spectrometers. Laser ponderomotive force self-focusing and hot electron generation have been applied to a compressed core to see the effect of heating by injecting 12 beams of 100 ps, 1 TW pulses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3276-3282 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in cannonball targets was experimentally investigated. Above the observed threshold laser intensity, the energy conversion to superhot electrons (E=100–800 keV) shows an increase of five orders of magnitude without saturation. Major differences in observing SRS from cannonball targets and directly driven targets lie in the background electron temperature and the electron plasma density where SRS occurs. A simple model calculation is presented and is compared with the data to infer coronal temperatures. The electron density ranges from 5×1019 to 3×1020 cm−3 and the coronal temperature is 0.2 keV for cannonball targets including cavity targets, while the density ranges from 3×1020 to 6×1020 cm−3 and the temperature is 1 keV for the directly driven target. The generation efficiency of SRS light is strongly correlated with superhot electron generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of experiments focused on high neutron yield has been performed with the Gekko-XII green laser system [Nucl. Fusion 27, 19 (1987)]. Deuterium–tritium (DT) neutron yield of 1013 and pellet gain of 0.2% have been achieved. Based on the experimental data from more than 70 irradiations, the scaling laws of the neutron yield and the related physical quantities have been studied. Comparison of the experimental neutron yield with that obtained by using a one-dimensional fluid code has led to the conclusion that most of the neutrons produced in the stagnation phase of the computation are not observed in the experiment because of fuel–pusher mixing, possibly induced by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The coupling efficiency and ablation pressure have been calculated using the ion temperature measured experimentally. A coupling efficiency of 5.5% and an ablation pressure of 50 Mbar have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Detailed performances of a laser triggered dielectric switch (LTDS) are described. Thin polypropylene films of 25 or 35 μm in thickness were used for insulation of the spark gap. Maintenance-free operation was achieved by automatic winding of the film after each laser shot. A square optical pulse of 1 ns duration with a rise time of less than 350 ps was generated by using a fast Pockels cell driven by the LTDS with good reproducibility. The switching jitter was measured to be less than the detection limit of 100 ps. Using the LTDS, a single pulse was selected from a mode-locked pulse train with the success probability of better than 95%. Comparison of the performance of the LTDS with other switching devices are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 741-743 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Aluminum deposition on Si was studied using diethylaluminumchloride (DEAlCl) as a new Al chemical vapor deposition source. Selective area deposition was successfully achieved at substrate temperatures of 313–380 °C. The deposition rate was higher than 370 A(ring)/min. Reflectance and resistivity of the deposited films were comparable to those of the evaporated ones. Decomposition experiments suggest that DEAlCl catalytically decomposes on the Al surface, which would explain the high selectivity observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 2600-2602 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have presented a novel in situ method which is simple and sensitive, to measure the micromass of the fuel layer in a cryogenic foam target. In this method, a foam shell is mounted on a flexible polyester fiber 7 μm in diameter and 800 μm in length. The fiber is suspended with a stalk which is mechanically vibrated at any given frequency. The resonant frequency of the elastic vibration of a foam-fiber system is measured before and after fuel loading. The mass of the fuel can be determined from the change in the resonance frequency in the range from submicrograms to submilligrams. The resolution of this system, which is limited by the Q factor of the foam-fiber system, is better than 0.2 μg corresponding to the measurement accuracy of 0.1%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 703-705 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A compound-semiconductor device simulator, in which deep levels in the semi-insulating layers can be taken into account, has been developed. By using this simulator, the electrical properties for the semi-insulating InP buried heterostructure laser diodes were investigated. The leakage current, without passing through the active region, was found to be small when the trap density in the semi-insulating InP layers is more than 3×1015 cm−3 and less than 1×1016 cm−3. This simulator will be a useful tool in predicting the semi-insulating properties of electrical and optical semiconductor devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 55 (1989), S. 223-225 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a 1-cm-long cylinder-type target as the gain medium of a recombination-pumped extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) laser. The gain medium plasma was pumped by a long-pulse CO2 laser (400 J energy in 50 ns pulse duration). At the C VI 3d–2p transition (18.2 nm) we obtained the gain-length product up to 2.4, which was estimated from the line intensity ratio of the axial to transverse directions. The electron temperature of 54 eV and density of 1.2×1019 cm−3 near the cylinder wall measured using soft-x-ray spectroscopy satisfied the condition for the generation of the population inversion between n=3 and 2 levels of the C VI ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 1111-1113 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-quality single-crystal molybdenum (Mo) fabricated by a secondary recrystallization method has been polished with a new polishing technique. The superpolished surface of the Mo single crystal has a surface roughness of 3.5 A(ring) rms. This superpolished single-crystal Mo has been used for a high-power electron beam pumped argon excimer laser (λ=126 nm) as a cavity mirror. Peak output power of more than 3 MW has been achieved without any damage to the mirror surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of an interocclusal appliance on nocturnal masticatory muscle activities. Six healthy Japanese males (mean age: 26·8 years) participated in this study. Electromyographic (EMG) activities of the right anterior temporalis and masseter muscles were recorded using a portable EMG recording unit at night both with and without an interocclusal appliance. In both muscles, the maximal EMG activity and the number of bruxing events decreased significantly by wearing the appliance. Moreover, the duration of a higher level of muscle activity was decreased while that of a lower level of muscle activity increased by wearing the appliance in both muscles. These findings suggest that nocturnal masticatory muscle activity is significantly reduced by wearing an interocclusal appliance, and that the use of such an appliance at night could help to relax masticatory muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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