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  • 1
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The goal of the International HapMap Project is to determine the common patterns of DNA sequence variation in the human genome and to make this information freely available in the public domain. An international consortium is developing a map of these patterns across the genome by determining the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The neocortex of the adult brain consists of neurons and glia that are generated by precursor cells of the embryonic ventricular zone. In general, glia are generated after neurons during development, but radial glia are an exception to this rule. Radial glia are generated before neurogenesis ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 31 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We model convertible bond calls under asymmetric information where, unlike Harris and Raviv (1985), we consider a nonzero call price and a call notice period. In the model, the use of underwriters conveys negative information. Consequently, the stock price decline is greater for underwritten calls than for nonunderwritten calls. Furthermore, underwritten calls are made earlier and when the conversion option is less deep in the money. Underwriting commissions and the stock price decline associated with a call are negatively related to the extent that the conversion option is in the money before the call. Empirical evidence in this paper and Singh, Cowan, and Nayar (1991) are consistent with the model's predictions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pathogenesis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is multifactorial, involving transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) as well as other lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure abnormalities. GERD is associated with a decrease in LES pressure, which can be provoked by factors such as foods (fat, chocolate, etc.), alcohol, smoking and medications. These factors have also been shown to increase TLESRs. As a result, reflux of acid, bile, pepsin and pancreatic enzymes occurs, leading to oesophageal mucosal injury, which can potentially progress to oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a minority of patients with Barrett's metaplasia. In addition, duodenogastric contents can also contribute to oesophageal injury. Other factors contributing to the pathophysiology of GERD include hiatal hernia, poor oesophageal clearance, delayed gastric emptying and impaired mucosal defensive factors. Hiatal hernia has a permissive role in the pathogenesis of reflux oesophagitis by promoting LES dysfunction. Delayed gastric emptying, resulting in gastric distension, can significantly increase the rate of TLESRs, contributing to postprandial GER. The mucosal defensive factors have an important role in GERD. When excessive acid causes a breakdown in oesophageal epithelial defenses, epithelial resistance may be reduced. Nocturnal GERD is associated with prolonged acid exposure and proximal extent of acid contact, which elevates the risk for oesophageal damage and GERD-related complications. In sum, GERD is a complex problem caused by many factors that are exacerbated when the patient is in the supine position.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature genetics 25 (2000), S. 257-258 
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Mutations in the gene encoding ABCR are responsible for Stargardt macular dystrophy. Here we show by immunofluorescence microscopy and western-blot analysis that ABCR is present in foveal and peripheral cone, as well as rod, photoreceptors. Our results suggest that the loss in central vision ...
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Stumpfes Bauchtrauma ; Kindliches Polytrauma ; Kindliche Nierenverletzungen ; CT ; Keywords Blunt abdominal trauma ; Pediatric polytraumatism ; Pediatric renal trauma ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Renal lesions are frequently encountered in blunt pediatric abdominal trauma. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the incidence of renal trauma in these trauma patients to determine which diagnostic and therapeutic approaches were most predictive. From 1976 to 1996, 308 children sustaining blunt abdominal trauma were admitted to our department. Patients were evaluated using abdominal paracentesis, ultrasonography, and urinary analysis. In specific cases, IV urography, CT scan, and/or angiography were applied. We used the Organ Injury Scale (OIS) for classification of renal trauma into five grades. We encountered 69 serious abdominal traumas. Thirty-six patients sustained renal lesions grade 2 (G2) or higher; 20 children were polytraumatized. There were 67 renal lesions with 28 G1, 22 G2, 8 G3, 5 G4, 1G5, and 3 lesions of the urinary tract. Ultrasonography and urinary analysis were found to be optimal diagnostic means for screening and observing the course of renal lesions. For lesions G2 or higher, CT scan was the most reliable in classifying and diagnosing renal lesions. This superceded IV urography. If no contrast medium was excreted in the CT scan, angiography was indicated. Only ten patients proceeded to operative therapy. During the period reviewed, a shift from operative to conservative treatment was notable with a tendency toward minimally invasive therapy. If lesions were G4 or G5, operative treatment was always indicated.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Nierenverletzungen gehören zu den häufigsten Folgen des stumpfen Bauchtraumas. In einer retrospektiven Studie untersuchten wir, wie häufig Nierenverletzungen im Rahmen des stumpfen Bauchtraumas vorkamen, und welche diagnostischen und therapeutischen Schritte indiziert waren. Zwischen 1976–1996 wurden 308 Patienten stationär wegen eines stumpfen Bauchtraumas behandelt. Diagnostisch kamen die Peritoneallavage (bis 1983), die Sonographie und der Combur-Test, ferner gezielt i.v.-Urograpie, CT und Angiographie zur Anwendung. Die Nierenverletzungen wurden entsprechend dem “organ injury scaling” (OIS) nach 5 Schweregraden klassifiziert. Es fanden sich 69 relevante intraabdominelle Verletzungen, darunter 36 Nierenverletzungen ab Grad 2; 20 Kinder waren polytraumatisiert. Nach dem OIS teilten wir alle 67 Nierenverletzungen auf in 28 Grad-1-(Kontusion), 22 Grad-2-(Hämatom bzw. Lazeration 〈 1 cm), 8 Grad-3-(Lazeration ohne Urinaustritt), 5 Grad-4-(Lazerationmit Kelchbeteiligung bzw. vaskuläre Läsion), 1 Grad-5-Verletzung (Nierenzertrümmerung bzw. Devaskularisation) und 3 Läsionen der ableitenden Harnwege. Im Screening und in der Verlaufskontrolle erwiesen sich Sonographie und Harnanalyse als die optimalen diagnostischen Mittel. Ab Grad 2 war das CT in der Diagnostik am zuverlässigsten, so dass die i.v.-Urographie in den Hintergrund trat. Bei fehlender Kontrastmittelausscheidung im CT ist auf jeden Fall eine Angiographie indiziert. Nur in 10 Fällen war die operative Therapie notwendig. Im Verlauf der Jahre entwickelte sich ein Konzept zugunsten eines abwartenden Verhaltens mit sekundären, z. T. minimal-invasiven Eingriffen zum elektiven Zeitpunkt. Ab Grad 4 ist die operative Versorgung der Verletzungen, sei es als minimal-invasive Maßnahme, zwingend.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Infection ; Febrile neutropenia ; High-dose chemotherapy ; Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The influence of underlying disease on documented infections has rarely been addressed in patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and subsequent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). Because autografting has been used most frequently for malignant lymphomas and breast cancer, we analyzed in a retrospective study the data of 100 consecutive adult patients with either malignant lymphomas (group A, n=50) or breast cancer (group B, n=50) treated with HDCT at a single institution. The number of autografted CD34+ cells was not statistically different in either group. In this paper, we show for the first time that there is a significant difference in clinically or microbiologically documented infections in these groups of patients: documented infections occurred in 30% of malignant lymphoma patients but only in 4% of breast cancer patients (P=0.001). Of all isolated microorganisms, 78% were gram-positive. Because most of the documented infections were due to staphylococci, further studies should prospectively evaluate preventive measures to reduce the high incidence of these infections. This is especially important for lymphoma patients, who can be regarded as a high-risk group concerning gram-positive bacteremia.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words Blood stem cell transplantation ; Data management quality control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To improve the infrastructure of hemopoietic stem-cell transplantations in our country, the German Registry for Hemopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantations (DRST) was established in 1998. The present paper summarizes the current status of the DRST and gives a survey of transplant activities in Germany in 1998 in terms of transplant units, transplant types, transplant frequencies and underlying diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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