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  • 2000-2004  (15)
Material
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. S1 
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter DNA-Bindung – GRdim– Mechanismus – Erythropoese – Immunsuppression – antitumorigen ; Key words DNA binding – GRdim– mechanism – erythropoiesis – immunosuppression – antitumorigenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Glucocorticoids are involved in numerous physiological processes. Most of their effects are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) via activation and repression of gene expression. Whereas activation requires DNA binding of the receptor, repression is usually mediated by protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors. To decipher the molecular mode of action of GR, mice were generated by gene targeting, carrying a point mutation in one of the dimerization domains, thus abrogating DNA binding by GR. These GRdim mice survive to adulthood and thereby allowed analysis of the mechanism used by GR in the control of physiological processes. Specifically, stress erythropoiesis was found to require the DNA binding-dependent function of GR whereas the antitumor-promoting activity of GR in skin is mediated by interaction with the transcription factor AP-1. Furthermore, the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is largely independent of GR DNA-binding, suggesting that GRdim mice might be useful in the future for the search of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with reduced side-effects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Glukokortikoide sind an der Regulation zahlreicher physiologischer Prozesse beteiligt. Die meisten ihrer Wirkungen werden vom Glukokortikoidrezeptor (GR) durch Aktivierung und Repression von Genexpression vermittelt. Während die Aktivierung eine Bindung des Rezeptors and DNA erfordert, erfolgt die Repression in den meisten Fällen durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung mit anderen Transkriptionsfaktoren. Zur Analyse des molekularen Mechanismus des GR wurden mittels “gene targeting” Mäuse mit einer Punktmutation in einer der Dimerisierungsdomänen des Rezeptors erzeugt, welche den Verlust der DNA-Bindung zur Folge hatte. Diese GRdim-Mäuse überleben bis ins erwachsene Alter und erlauben sie die Analyse der Wirkungsweise des GR in physiologischen Prozessen. Insbesondere stellt sich heraus, dass die Stresserythropoese die DNA-bindungsabhängige Funktion des GR benötigt, während die antitumorigene Wirkung des GR in der Haut durch Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkung mit dem Transkriptionsfaktor AP-1 vermittelt wird. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass die immunsuppressive und anti-inflammatorische Wirkung des GR weitgehend unabhängig von dessen DNA-Bindung ist. Dies deutet daraufhin, dass GRdim-Mäuse in der Zukunft möglicherweise zur Identifizierung steroidaler anti-inflammatorischer Substanzen mit geringeren Nebenwirkungen verwendet werden können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 204-211 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Venenentnahme – Wundheilungsstörungen –¶kosmetische Inzision ; Key words Harvesting of the saphenous vein –¶wound healing disturbances – cosmetic incision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In Germany about 75000 patients received the CABG operation last year, these are about 75% of all open heart operation procedures. The most frequently used conduit is the greater saphenous vein. In the last years a lot of new minimally invasive techniques for vein harvesting revolutionized the field of CABG operation procedures, nevertheless the most common technique today is the traditional, open technique with long, continuous incision for the open preparation of the saphenous vein. Using traditional open saphenectomy, wound healing disturbances are common and have been reported to occur in 5–25% of patients. The prevalence of wound healing disturbances varies widely, depending to some degree of definition, as well of the intensity of follow up. Minimal and less invasive vein harvesting studies have been shown to be effective in decreasing leg wound disturbances, resulting much superior cosmetic results. Advantages and disadvantages of minimally invasive vein harvesting techniques are today the topic of controversy discussions in heart surgery.¶   We reported our experience of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the saphenous vein using the Aesculap retractor system with performing 3–4 small cutaneous incisions. According to our experience these results show that the use of modified minimally invasive harvesting of the great saphenous vein is an attractive alternative to the traditional open harvest technique with fewer wound complication, more patient satisfaction and excellent cosmetic aspects. Therefore, we hope that less or minimally invasive systems for harvesting of the saphenous vein will be established in the future in CABG operation procedures.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Jährlich werden in Deutschland ca. 75000 Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung (ca. 75% aller Herzoperationen) operativ versorgt. Als Bypassmaterial stehen arterielle Grafts und autologe Venen, vorwiegend die Vena saphena magna, zur Verfügung. In den letzten Jahren revolutionieren minimal-invasive Venenentnahmetechniken die Bypasschirurgie, dennoch erfolgt heute die Saphenektomie zum Großteil mittels kontinuierlicher Inzision der Haut vom Knöchel bis in die Leiste zur offenen Präparation der Vena saphena magna. Wundheilungsstörungen nach offener Saphenektomie werden wiederholt diskutiert und sind Gegenstand jeder herzchirurgischen Nachbehandlung nach koronarchirurgischen Eingriffen und Grund für die Aufwertung neuer, minimal-invasiver Entnahmetechniken. Diese Wundheilungsstörungen, je nach Beobachtungszeitraum, werden in der Literatur zwischen 5–25% angegeben. Die Vor- und Nachteile minimal-invasiver Systeme sind derzeit Inhalt kontroverser Diskussion.¶   Die vorgestellte Technik (modifizierte „Bridge”-Technik) zeigt erwünschte Ergebnisse, insbesondere eine sehr hohe Patientenzufriedenheit hinsichtlich des kosmetischen Ergebnisses und der nur geringen Einschränkung durch die Saphenektomiewunde(n). Es ließ sich nur eine geringe Rate an postoperativen Komplikationen (hier 3%) feststellen. Minimal-invasive Venenentnahmesysteme halten wir für praktikabel, effizient und leicht erlernbar. Wir sehen es deshalb als wichtig an, diese Techniken weiter im klinischen Gebrauch zu etablieren.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 60-67 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The atomic positions of the silicon carbide (SiC) polytypes 6H and 4H differ slightly from an ideal tetrahedron. These small deviations can be investigated by X-ray diffraction of so-called `quasiforbidden' reflections, which are very sensitive with respect to the extremely small variations in the structure. Nevertheless, an unambiguous calculation of the refinement parameters from the absolute values of the structure factors of the `quasiforbidden' reflections is not possible. In the case of SiC-4H, there are two and, in the case of SiC-6H, six different structure models, which yield the same absolute values of the structure factors. In order to distinguish between these models, additional phase information about the measured reflections is needed. To achieve this, Renninger-scan (\psi-scan) profiles in the vicinity of three-beam cases are used. These experimentally measured \psi-scans are compared with theoretical calculated profiles for each model. Another method to distinguish the different models is to compare the bond lengths between atoms of the two polytypes, which have equivalent vicinities. For both SiC-4H and SiC-6H, an unambiguous determination of the structure refinement parameters was possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Occupational skin diseases (OSD) are among the most frequent occupational diseases (OD). Compared to other occupations, bakers, confectioners and employees in the catering trades are at a high risk of developing OSD. In January 1999, the interdisciplinary Skin Disease Prevention Program in the Baking, Hotel and Catering Industries (SDPP) conducted by the Department of Dermatology and Allergology at the Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, in cooperation with the Research Center for Applied System Safety and Industrial Medicine, Erfurt, and the technical experts at the Social Insurance for the Food Industry and Related Professions (Berufsgenossenschaft für Nahrungsmittel und Gaststätten– (BGN)), Erfurt, was initiated. Following detailed analysis of the occupational exposure of the employees and their personal occupational disease history, the patients’ diagnosis and therapy was re-evaluated and supplemented if necessary. Individual skin care and protection regimes were demonstrated and practically trained. Skin care and protection products were supplied. Skin-care and protection seminars were offered to volunteering participants. From January to December 1999, 29 affected employees were examined in the OSD clinic. 22 employees (76%) suffered from irritant contact dermatitis. The follow-up data of 11 employees are available. In 8 employees (73%), the skin disease improved or disappeared. Moreover, in 1 employee (9%), the skin condition was stabilized even though he continued working. In only 2 employees (18%) did the skin condition worsen. These preliminary results showed that most of the OSD were due to lack of or unsuitable skin care and protection. The program will be extended to cover a larger number of food industry employees with OSD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Contact dermatitis 43 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 6017-6021 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Doping the photorefractive material bismuth germanium oxide Bi12GeO20(BGO) with chromium significantly affects its optical properties. An absorption spectrum taken at 300 K shows that the introduction of chromium produces a strong unresolved band which overlaps the absorption cutoff of BGO and a series of smaller overlapping bands between 650 and 1100 nm. Cooling BGO:Cr to 10 K sharpens the small bands and resolves the strong band into a peak near 510 nm. This peak is responsible for the reddish-brown color of BGO:Cr. Excitation at room temperature with visible light increases the bands in the 650–1100 nm range. The production of this additional room temperature photochromic absorption is most efficient with excitation near 490 nm but extends throughout the visible. Chromium occupies the tetrahedral germanium site in BGO; and the observed spectra are consistent with a Cr4+ tetrahedral state. During crystal growth some of the chromium gives up an electron to the antisite bismuth native defect and becomes Cr5+. Exposing the sample to light returns the electron to the chromium and increases the Cr4+ absorption. The photoinduced absorption is thermally stable for temperatures up to about 425 K. This stability suggests that doping BGO with Cr should lead to room temperature persistent photorefractive gratings. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 6022-6025 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the production and dark-decay of index gratings in chromium-doped bismuth germanium oxide Bi12GeO20 (BGO) and undoped BGO were investigated as a function of temperature from room temperature to about 500 K. During the write process in undoped BGO the gratings show a fast leading edge peak, which drops quickly to a steady saturated value. The leading-edge peak does not change significantly at the higher temperatures. Grating production was much slower in the BGO:Cr samples and the gratings grew monotonically throughout the 0.5 s write interval. At room temperature the gratings in BGO:Cr are highly persistent. A grating written at room temperature retains 70% of its initial strength after 24 h when it was read only once an hour. Optical erasure plays a major role in the decay of such gratings; reading the grating every 6 min reduced its strength to 48% of its initial value after 24 h. The grating written at room temperature and monitored as the sample was heated decayed within the same 10 K temperature range as the photochromic absorption bands. As expected, undoped BGO shows a rapid dark decay at room temperature that becomes faster at higher temperatures. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2166-2168 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that small in-plane magnetization components in magnetic garnet films with perpendicular anisotropy can be imaged using nonlinear magneto-optical proximal probe microscopy, i.e., magnetization-induced second harmonic generation together with a scanning near-field optical microscope. A relationship exists between the in-plane magnetization domains we observed and the typical maze-like out-of-plane magnetization domains that are simultaneously imaged recording the linear Faraday effect. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This randomised, placebo-controlled, patient and observer blinded trial was conducted to determine whether acupuncture at the acupuncture point P6 is effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared to placebo acupuncture. Female patients (n = 220) scheduled for gynaecological or breast surgery were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either acupuncture (n = 109) or placebo acupuncture (n = 111). Each group was stratified for type of surgery and included two subgroups receiving intervention either before or after induction of anaesthesia. The incidence of PONV and/or antiemetic rescue medication within 24 h after surgery was the main outcome measure which showed no statistically significant difference between groups (43.7% acupuncture, 50.9% placebo, p = 0.27). The differences were more pronounced for patients having gynaecological surgery (48.9% acupuncture, 67.6% placebo, p = 0.07) than for those having breast surgery (38.7% acupuncture, 40.3% placebo, p = 0.86). The secondary outcome, vomiting, was significantly reduced by acupuncture from 39.6% to 24.8% (p = 0.03). Subgroup analysis showed no difference between applications of acupuncture before compared to after induction of anaesthesia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Consider reactions to proton pump blockers in suspected food hypersensitivity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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