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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of diagonal earlobe crease as a marker of coronary artery disease: the use of this sign in pre-operative assessment* (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, we examined the usefulness of the earlobe crease sign as a marker of coronary artery disease in the pre-operative assessment of patients. We were interested in evaluating this sign for use in emergency patients. We investigated 530 patients, aged 〉 40 years, undergoing elective surgery. If the electrocardiogram was abnormal or the patient reported symptoms suggesting coronary artery disease, further cardiac examinations were performed. Patients who demonstrated evidence of coronary artery disease in the additional investigations or had a clear history of coronary artery disease were classified as the abnormal coronary group. Other patients with no history and/or normal investigations were classified as the normal coronary group. The assessment of earlobe crease sign was performed prior to anaesthesia, and the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of this sign were calculated. We found that the sensitivity and specificity was high regardless of age, except for specificity in patients 〉 70 years old. The data suggest that the earlobe crease sign may be a useful marker for the presence of coronary artery disease in patients undergoing emergency operations in which little or no history and investigations are available. However, more work is required to assess the use of this sign in other ethnic groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.02317.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectroscopic properties of nitrogen doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon films grown by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7924-7931 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films have been deposited by rf plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH4 as the source of carbon and with different nitrogen flow rates (N2/CH4 gas ratios between 0 and 3), at 300 K. The dependence modifications of the optical and the structural properties on nitrogen incorporation were investigated using different spectroscopic techniques, such as, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), photoluminescence (PL) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Raman spectroscopy and IR absorption reveal an increase in sp2-bonded carbon or a change in sp2 domain size with increasing nitrogen flow rate. It is found that the configuration of nitrogen atoms incorporated into an amorphous carbon network gradually changes from nitrogen atoms surrounded by three (σ bonded) to two (π bonded) neighboring carbons with increasing nitrogen flow rate. Tauc optical gap is reduced from 2.6 to 2.0 eV, and the ESR spin density and the peak-to-peak linewidth increase sharply with increasing nitrogen flow rate. Excellent agreement has been found between the measured SE data and modeled spectra, in which an empirical dielectric function of amorphous materials and a linear void distribution along the thickness have been assumed. The influence of nitrogen on the electronic density of states is explained based on the optical properties measured by UV-VIS and PL including nitrogen lone pair band. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1371268
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of optical properties of nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon films by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3962-3964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon films have been deposited on silicon substrates by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using different N2/CH4 gas ratios from 0 to 3. The real and imaginary parts, n and k, of the complex index of refraction of these films have been determined for wavelengths between 300 and 830 nm by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Excellent agreement has been found between measured and modeled spectra, in which an empirical dielectric function based on classical Lorentz oscillator and Tauc joint density of states, and a linear void distribution along the thickness of the films have been assumed. Decrease in the optical energy gap and increase in the extinction coefficient, k, with increase in nitrogen concentration have been observed. Refractive index, n, increases rapidly with increase in nitrogen concentration up to 6.8 at. % (∼7.0 at. %) and then increases slowly with further increase in nitrogen concentration. For all the samples, n is found to be highest at the film-substrate interface which gradually decreases towards the film surface. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1374501
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low density of defect states in hydrogenated amorphous carbon thin films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The density of electronic defect states in most forms of amorphous carbon deposited at room temperature is found so far to be very high (1018–1022 spins cm−3). In this letter, we demonstrate that the radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) thin film exhibits the lowest spin density of the order of 1016 cm−3, investigated by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, a very promising reproducible result comparable with high-quality a-Si:H. In addition, the optical gap of a-C:H has been tailored between a wide range, 1.8–3.1 eV. The ESR spectra of all the films reveal a single Lorentzian line whose linewidth ΔHpp varies strongly with the optical gap. Also, there is a strong dependence of spin density on the optical gap, and we show that this dependency is a direct result of structural changes due to sp3/sp2 carbon bonding network. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1335548
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulational Effect of Ghrelin on Growth Hormone Secretion from Perifused Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ghrelin, a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide, was recently isolated from the rat stomach as an endogenous ligand to growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Ghrelin specifically stimulates the release of GH from the rat anterior pituitary gland, but the regulational effect of ghrelin on GH secretion has not yet been clarified. We used a perifusion system to examine the single effect and combined effects of ghrelin with growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin on GH secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells. The increase in GH concentration due to ghrelin stimulation showed a transitory peak that was almost the same as that previously reported for GHS, but apparently distinct from that of GHRH. Ghrelin (10−10 M to 10−8 M) stimulated GH secretion from the rat anterior pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner. Serial ghrelin stimulation of the dispersed cells at 1-h intervals decreased the GH response, but the response recovered with stimulation at 3-h intervals, indicating that ghrelin strongly desensitized cells. Costimulation with ghrelin and GHRH elicited neither a synergistic nor an additive GH response from the rat pituitary cells. Furthermore, pretreatment to anterior pituitary cells with somatostatin strongly abolished ghrelin- and/or GHRH-stimulated GH secretion. In this study, we demonstrated that ghrelin caused weaker GH secretion than that caused by GHRH, and we also showed that costimulation with GHRH had no additive or synergistic effect on GH secretion, suggesting that ghrelin indirectly affects coordinated GH release from pituitary gland, as found in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0007-1331.2001.00757.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Functional Morphology of the Masticatory Apparatus in the Long-snouted Crocodiles (2002)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 31 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The masticatory muscles and their related structures of the skull were observed in the Indian gavial (Gavialis gangeticus), the false gavial (Tomistoma schlegelii), and the African slender-snouted crocodile (Mecistops cataphractus) to detail some morphological differences in comparison with the other crocodile species, and to compare and elucidate the functional strategy of themasticatory apparatus in these long-snouted species. The Musculus pterygoideus posterior was relatively smaller in the three species compared with many short-snouted crocodiles. It suggests that the masticatory power in fish-eating long-snouted species is not so high as in the short-snouted crocodiles, while the masticatory muscles were morphologically different among the three long-snouted species as follows. The M. pterygoideus posterior of the false gavial was extended in the lateral side of the lower jaw unlike the Indian gavial. The M. pseudotemporalis and the Fenestra supratemporalis were largely developed in the Indian gavial, however we suggest that the other two species possess the weak bundles in this muscle. The false gavial and the African slender-snouted crocodile have the pterygoid bone well-developed extending dorso-ventrally and it is suggested that the M. adductor mandibulae posterior attached to the pterygoid bone may be much larger than the Indian gavial. These data morphologically clarify the masticatory mechanism in the long-snouted crocodiles different from the short-snouted species, and demonstrate that the evolutional strategy to share the functional role in the masticatory muscles have been differently established between the Indian gavial and the other two species. We also obtained the morphological data in the fossil skull of the Machikane crocodile (Toyotamaphymeia machikanense) and concluded from the fossil characters that the considerable developments of the M.pterygoideus posterior and the M.pseudotemporalis in this species had not morphologically been consistent with both the Indian and false gavials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2002.00396.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Structure of the Masseter Muscle in the Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) (2001)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 30 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), the masseter muscle was divided into several layers. The superficial and more medial (second) tendinous sheets of the masseter muscle fused with each other at the dorso-caudal part and a fleshy portion was located between these tendinous sheets. In the rostral part, the most superficial tendinous sheet turned around as a compact tendon and attached to the facial crest (Crista facialis). The turned tendinous sheet, however, never fused with the second tendinous sheet and this layer of the masseter muscle, that originated from the facial crest with the turned sheet, was inserted into the mandible with its fleshy portion. In the cattle, goat, sheep and Sika deer, the rostral layer of the masseter muscle arises from the facial crest with its fleshy portion and is inserted into the tubercle on the mandible through the strong tendinous sheet. In this study, the takin also showed the same structure of the masseter muscle. In the giraffe, however, the rostral layer inserted into the mandible through the strong tendinous sheet could not be distinguished, thus, there was no conspicuous tubercle on the mandible. Moreover in the masseteric region of the skull, the giraffe was similar to the Sika deer in several ways. However, it is suggested that the giraffe exerts smaller forces on the cheek teeth than does the Sika deer because of its longer Margo interalveolaris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2001.00342.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Morphology of the Liver in the Two-humped Camel (Camelus bactrianus) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 29 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The liver of a two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus) was examined by means of gross anatomy and histology. The liver appeared characteristically as an enlarged triangle in visceral aspect, and showed the following lobation: the left lateral and medial lobes, the right lobe, the caudate lobe and the quadrate lobe. These findings were similar to those for the one-humped camel. Histologically, a distinct lobulation, a typical arrangement of the interlobular connective tissue, and the trias was confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0264.2000.00263.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peculiar Bundles of Filaments in Leydig Cells of the Lesser Mouse Deer (Tragulus javanicus): an Ultrastructural Study (2003)
    Berlin, Germany : Blackwell Verlag GmbH
    Anatomia, histologia, embryologia 32 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0264
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Leydig cells of lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus) testes were observed using light and transmission electron microscopies. Sexually mature lesser mouse deer were obtained in East Malaysia. The testes were perfused with 5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed with 1% OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Araldite. The semithin sections were cut, stained with toluidine blue and observed under light microscopy. The ultrathin sections were cut, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined using a JEM-1200 transmission electron microscope. As a result, two types of filament bundles were frequently recognized in Leydig cells, but not in other testicular cells. These bundles were clearly seen at even a light microscopic level. One type was bundles of actin filaments (approximately 5 nm in diameter). These structures were found not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. The other type was bundles of intermediate filaments (approximately 10 nm in diameter). These structures were found only in the cytoplasm. The existence of filament bundles has never been reported in the testicular cells of another mammalian species. Thus, while bundles of actin and intermediate filaments are specifically present in the Leydig cells of the lesser mouse deer, their functions are still unclear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2003.00499.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium nitroprusside-induced seizure and taurine release from rat hippocampus (2000)
    Springer
    Amino acids 19 (2000), S. 547-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2199
    Keywords: Keywords: Amino acids – Seizure – Taurine – Nitric oxide (NO) – Sodium nitroprusside – Hippocampus – Microdialysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. We have recently reported that the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), induces seizures which are associated with an increase in the basal release of aspartate and glutamate from rat hippocampus (Kaku et al., 1998). In order to determine whether taurine release occurs with SNP-induced seizures, we examined the effects of NO-related compounds, i.e., the NO trapper, diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), the superoxide radical scavenger, dithiothreitol (DTT), the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, oxypurinol and the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, 1H-(1,2,4)oxadiazole(4,3-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on SNP-induced seizures and in vivo taurine release from rat hippocampus using microdialysis. Perfusion with 0.5 mM SNP provoked seizures and significantly increased taurine release, with the increase in release occurring primarily during reperfusion with artificial cerebrospinal fluid lacking SNP. Perfusion with 5 mM DETC significantly abolished the SNP-induced seizures and reduced taurine release during and after perfusion with the drugs. Perfusion with 1 mM DTT significantly reduced both the frequency of the SNP-induced seizures and taurine release during and after perfusion with the drugs. Perfusion with 1 mM oxypurinol or 0.5 mM ODQ did not reduce the frequency of the SNP-induced seizures, but tended to decrease taurine release during and after perfusion with the drugs. These results demonstrate that SNP-induced seizures are triggered by an increase in both NO and peroxynitrite and are related to an increase in taurine release from rat hippocampus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007260070005
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