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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional numerical equilibria of field-reversed configuration in the strong mirror field (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4062-4069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two-dimensional numerical equilibria of field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas in the strong mirror field applied externally are studied by means of the Grad–Shafranov equation. Appropriate choice of the pressure function is necessary to obtain a thin and elongated equilibrium, as observed in the FRC Injection Experiment (FIX) [H. Himura et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 191 (1995)]. To solve the Grad–Shafranov equation, the finite difference method is used, applying the boundary-fitted curvilinear coordinates and the attracted grids near the separatrix. The outstanding feature of the equilibria is the presence of a narrow and sharp spike in the toroidal current profile near the separatrix. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289513
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental evidence of improved confinement in a high-beta field-reversed configuration plasma by neutral beam injection (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 2294-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The first experimental result of high power (14 kV, 23 A) neutral beam (NB) injection into a high-beta field-reversed configuration (FRC) is demonstrated. The result makes it clear that the NB injection improves the plasma performance, increasing the configuration lifetime more than 200% in comparison with the ordinary FRC under similar conditions. A novel NB injection system is presented for application to FRC plasmas. A set of three concave electrodes for beam extraction is used to focus the beam enabling to pass through a narrow port. The target of beam injection is a large bore FRC plasma contained in a mirror field with a mirror ratio of 2–9. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.874121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferative effects of eosinophil lysates on cultured human airway smooth muscle cells (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The hypertrophy/hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells is one of the characteristic features of bronchial asthma. This structural change leads to the thickening of airway walls resulting in the amplification of airway narrowing. However, the pathogenesis of this structural change has not yet been determined. Eosinophils, which play a pathogenic role in asthma, have been demonstrated to have proliferative effects on fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells.Objective We attempted to investigate the potential of eosinophils to induce the proliferation of ASM cells.Methods We examined the effect of lysates of eosinophils purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors on cultured human ASM cell proliferation.Results Eosinophil lysates significantly induced ASM cell proliferation in time- and dose-dependent manners, reaching a maximum on day 6 at 50% of eosinophil lysates (6.0 ± 0.7 × 104[mean ± SD] /well, n = 5 vs. 4.5 ± 1.1 × 104/well, n = 5; P 〈 0.05). This proliferative activity was heat-sensitive and recovered in the soluble fraction of the eosinophil lysates. Furthermore, the molecular weight of the mitogenic activity in the soluble fraction was identified as lower than 10 kDa. The inhibitory activity to ASM cell proliferation was also found in the insoluble fraction of the lysates.Conclusion These results indicate that circulating eosinophils store mitogenic activity for ASM cells, suggesting that eosinophils might contribute to the development of the hyperplasia of ASM cells in asthmatics through the release of the stored mitogenic activity upon stimulation at the site of inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0954-7894.2002.01243.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in basement membrane injury in a murine model of acute allergic airway inflammation (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Airway remodelling in asthma such as subepithelial fibrosis is thought to be the repair process that follows the continuing injury as of chronic airway inflammation. However, how acute allergic inflammation causes tissue injury in the epithelial basement membrane in asthmatic airways remains unclear. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) capable of degrading almost all of the extracellular matrix components have been demonstrated to be involved in cell migration through the basement membrane in vivo and in vitro.Objective We investigated the alterations of matrix construction and the role of MMPs in matrix degradation in the subepithelium during acute allergic airway inflammation.Methods Airway inflammation, the ultrastructure of the subepithelium and injury of types III and IV collagen in tracheal tissues from ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice after OVA inhalation with or without the administration of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and dexamethasone were evaluated by cell counting in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, respectively.Results The disruption of the lamina densa and matrix construction and the decrease of the immunoreactivity for type IV collagen in subepithelium were observed in association with the accumulation of inflammatory cells in airways 3 days after OVA inhalation. This disorganization of the matrix components in the subepithelium, as well the cellular accumulation, was abolished by the administration of TIMP-2 and dexamethasone. The immunoreactivity for type IV collagen in the subepithelium in OVA-inhaled mice returned to the level of that in saline-inhaled mice 10 days after inhalation in association with a decrease of the cell numbers in the BAL fluid. The immunoreactivity for type III collagen was changed neither 3 nor 10 days after OVA inhalation.Conclusion These results suggest that epithelial basement membrane gets injured by, at least in part, MMPs as a consequence of cell transmigration through the membrane during acute allergic airway inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01491.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two different manifestations of the effect of apoptosis on pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis; localized and diffuse lesions (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2003.01673.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial length and separatrix radius behavior of field-reversed configuration plasma in dynamic compression of mirror distance (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1158-1162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The axial magnetic compression experiment of the field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma is reported. The FRC produced in the theta-pinch system is translated into the confinement region. The separatrix length of the translated FRC is decided by the mirror distance. The compression is done in a manner as shortening the distance in time. The compression coil is installed inside the chamber to raise the strength of the confinement field at the neighborhood of the mirror. The mirror distance is compressed to be 70% of the original one. The increment of the separatrix radius is observed to be 14%. This is nearly consistent with the adiabatic calculation. The decay rate of the radius has a constant value. From the line integrated density signal measured by the interferometer, no n=2 rotational instability is observed even in the case of the compression. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873924
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic process during axial magnetic compression of field-reversed configuration for equilibrium shape control (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 8 (2001), S. 3630-3634 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Adiabatic magnetic compression experiments on a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma are reported. The compression is performed on a long FRC held in a straight mirror field. The separatrix length of the FRC is limited by the distance between the magnetic mirrors. The mirror distance is compressed in time to 35% of the original one by the compression coil installed inside the chamber, and the separatrix length is shortened to 38%. The separatrix radius of the compressed FRC increases by 56% and the aspect ratio (separatrix length/separatrix diameter) changes from 12.6 to 4.1. Magnetic probes with the compensation circuit are utilized to investigate the dynamic transition phase during the compression. The transition process is found from these measurements to be divided into three stages, where a new equilibrium state is achieved in the final stage. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1381015
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic cancer: current status of treatment and survival of 16 071 patients diagnosed from 1981–1996, using the Japanese National Pancreatic Cancer Database (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Pancreatic cancer ; National database ; Multidisciplinary treatment ; Survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. The Japanese Pancreas Society Registry Committee obtained data on 16 071 patients with pancrea-tic cancer diagnosed from 1981 to 1996. This is the largest multi-institutional retrospective study of the Japanese experience to describe the extent of disease and survival. Methods. Data were summarized according to age and sex and location of the disease. Survival analysis, using the Kaplan-Meier method, was performed according to surgical stage and therapeutic categories. Results. The male : female ratio was 1.6 : 1. The peak age was in the patients' sixties for both sexes. Forty-five per-cent of the primary tumors were located in the head of the pancreas. The survival of the patients depended on the histological diagnosis and surgical stage. The most com-mon histology, invasive ductal carcinoma, had the worst prognosis, and the 5-year survival of patients with stage I, II, III, IVa, and IVb disease was 66%, 55%, 21%, 11%, and 6% respectively. At the time of presentation, only 2.5% of the patients had stage I disease, while more than 70% had stage IV. Conclusions. Improvements in early detection strategies and more effective chemical or biological therapeutic agents, together with pancreatectomy, tested in well organized randomized prospective trials, will be the only way to cure this fatal disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blunted effect of parathyroid hormone on adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate production is derived from ATP depletion in proximal convoluted tubules of hypophosphatemic mice (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 4 (2000), S. 11-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Extracellular phosphate ; Hypophosphatemic mice ; Adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate ; Parathyroid hormone ; X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. To clarify the pathophysiological features associated with phosphate depletion in hypophosphatemic (Hyp) mice, we examined the effect of extracellular phosphate on parathyroid hormone (PTH)-stimulated adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) production in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). Methods. PTH-Stimulated cAMP production and ATP content were determined by radioimmunoassay and luciferin-luciferase chemiluminescence methods, respectively. Results. The level of cAMP stimulated by PTH at an extracellular phosphate concentration of 0.78 mM was lower in the Hyp mice than in normal mice. The PTH-stimulated cAMP production in the Hyp mice was increased when the extracellular phosphate concentration was raised. In contrast, an increase in extracellular phosphate did not affect the PTH-stimulated cAMP production in the normal mice. Although the ATP content of the PCT was not different between the normal and Hyp mice immediately after microdissection, after 60 min of incubation, it had decreased to a greater extent in Hyp mice than in the normal animals. Raising the extracellular phosphate concentration from 0.78 to 2.3 mM prevented the decrease in ATP content in Hyp mice, and the intracellular ATP content then became comparable to that in the normal control. Conclusions. These results suggest that ATP content in the PCT tended to be decreased in Hyp mice by a decreased phosphate supply and that the blunted effect of PTH on cAMP production in these mice is due to ATP depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570050055
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Botryoid Wilms tumor: case report and review of literature (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Wilms tumor ; Proteinuria ; Hematuria ; Hydronephrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A rare case of botryoid Wilms tumor is presented. The main clinical manifestations were persistent low-grade fever, malaise, and proteinuria associated with microhematuria. Ultrasonography revealed an echogenic mass in the right kidney, and a contrast-enhanced mass was found in the dilated collecting system by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The surgically resected tumor was a polypoid, light-yellow, glistening mass that occupied a large part of the renal pelvis and originated from the pelvicaliceal wall. Part of the tumor extended to the proximal ureter, resulting in hydronephrosis in the involved kidney. No parenchymal lesion was observed. Microscopic examination revealed epithelial, stromal, and blastemal components, which indicated Wilms tumor. Infection had occurred in the hydronephrotic kidney, which presumably had caused the major presenting symptoms. The prognosis of our patient and previously reported cases of botryoid Wilms tumor was good compared with that of typical Wilms tumor, since the botryoid type can be detected at an early stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004670050015
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