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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel keratin 16 mutations and protein expression studies in pachyonychia congenita type 1 and focal palmoplantar keratoderma (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Experimental dermatology 9 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Pachyonychia congenita type 1 (PC-1) is an autosomal dominant ectodermal dysplasia characterized by nail dystrophy, focal non-epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma (FNEPPK) and oral lesions. We have previously shown that mutations in keratin 16 (K16) cause fragility of specific epithelia resulting in phenotypes of PC-1 or FNEPPK alone. Here, we report 2 novel mutations in K16 causing distinct phenotypes. A heterozygous missense mutation (L124R) was detected in a kindred with PC-1. In a family where mild FNEPPK was the only phenotype, a 23 bp deletion and a separate 1 bp deletion downstream were found in exon 6: [1244–1266del; 1270delG]. At the protein level, these mutations remove 8 residues and substitute 2 residues in the helix termination motif (HTM) of the K16 polypeptide. The HTM sequence is conserved in all known intermediate filament proteins and for convenience, this complex mutation was designated ΔHTM. Transient expression of K16 cDNAs carrying either the L124R or the ΔHTM mutation in epithelial cell line PtK2 produced aggregation of the keratin cytoskeleton. However, the aggregates observed with the ΔHTM mutation were morphologically different and appeared to be less disruptive to the endogenous cytoskeleton. Therefore, loss of the HTM sequence may render this mutant K16 less capable of contributing to filament assembly and decrease its dominant-negative effect, resulting in the milder FNEPPK phenotype.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0625.2000.009003170.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Panniculitis complicating gallstone pancreatitis with subsequent resolution after therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03921.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulating evolution of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum II: past, present and future glyphosate use in Australian cropping (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Glyphosate is a key component of weed control strategies in Australia and worldwide. Despite widespread and frequent use, evolved resistance to glyphosate is rare. A herbicide resistance model, parameterized for Lolium rigidum has been used to perform a number of simulations to compare predicted rates of evolution of glyphosate resistance under past, present and projected future use strategies. In a 30-year wheat, lupin, wheat, oilseed rape crop rotation with minimum tillage (100% shallow depth soil disturbance at sowing) and annual use of glyphosate pre-sowing, L. rigidum control was sustainable with no predicted glyphosate resistance. When the crop establishment system was changed to annual no-tillage (15% soil disturbance at sowing), glyphosate resistance was predicted in 90% of populations, with resistance becoming apparent after between 10 and 18 years when sowing was delayed. Resistance was predicted in 20% of populations after 25–30 years with early sowing. Risks of glyphosate resistance could be reduced by rotating between no-tillage and minimum-tillage establishment systems, or by rotating between glyphosate and paraquat for pre-sowing weed control. The double knockdown strategy (sequential full rate applications of glyphosate and paraquat) reduced risks of glyphosate and paraquat resistance to 〈2%. Introduction of glyphosate-resistant oilseed rape significantly increased predicted risks of glyphosate resistance in no-tillage systems even when the double knockdown was practised. These increased risks could be offset by high crop sowing rates and weed seed collection at harvest. When no selective herbicides were available in wheat crops, the introduction of glyphosate-resistant oilseed rape necessitated a return to a minimum-tillage crop establishment system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0043-1737.2003.00356.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbicides used in combination can reduce the probability of herbicide resistance in finite weed populations (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A simulation study was conducted to examine the effect of pattern of herbicide use on development of resistance to two herbicides with different modes of action in finite weed populations. The effects of the size of the treatment area (analogous to initial weed population), germination fraction and degree of self-pollination in the weed were investigated. The results indicate that the probability of developing resistance to one or both herbicides decreases as the size of the area/initial population decreases. For treatment areas of 100 ha or less with an initial weed seedbank of 100 seeds m−2 and initial frequencies of the resistance genes of 10−6, development of resistance to both herbicides (double-resistance) is uncommon within 50 years for all types of weeds if both herbicides are used in all years (used in combination). If herbicides are used in alternate years (rotated) double-resistance almost always occurs in 100 ha areas but is uncommon in areas of 1 ha or less. The results suggest that adoption of practices that limit movement of weeds in conjunction with using herbicides in combination rather than in rotation can substantially delay development of herbicide resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2003.00355.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic resonance imaging after operative repair of Achilles tendon rupture (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 11 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: We performed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study in 16 consecutive patients who had undergone open repair of a unilateral Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) at an average of 32.5 (SD 3.2) (range 29–36) months from the operation. We measured the widest antero-posterior diameter of the tendon, the longest distance between the insertion of the Achilles tendon on the calcaneum and the musculo-tendinous junction of the soleus muscle on the Achilles tendon, the distance between the insertion of the Achilles tendon on the calcaneum and the point of maximal width of the tendon. We also ascertained whether areas of altered signal were present in and around the tendon. The operated tendons were always significantly thicker than the non-operated ones. There was a non-significant trend for the other measurements to be greater in the operated tendons. In five patients, areas of dishomogeneous signal were present in the operated tendon. These areas were less than 25% of the antero-posterior diameter of the tendon, and were clinically silent. These findings probably represent normal features of long-term tendon healing following open repair of an ATR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4725.2001.110305_1.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel mutation in the 2B domain of keratin 2e causing ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 25 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens (IBS; MIM: 146800) is an autosomal dominant disorder of keratinization characterized by epidermolytic hyperkeratosis without erythroderma. The clinical features are less marked than those of bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma with relatively mild hyperkeratosis usually limited to the skin flexures. Mutations in the epithelial cytokeratin 2e (K2e), which is expressed in a differentiation-specific fashion in the upper spinous and granular layers of the epidermis, have been shown to cause IBS. We detected a novel mutation in a three generation kindred with IBS (1448T→A) within exon 7 of the KRT2E gene. This is predictive of an I483N substitution in the 2B domain of K2e. This extends the range of mutations reported to date and illustrates the usefulness of molecular genetics in the diagnosis of this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2000.00728.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction by computerised tomography of distance from skin to epidural space during thoracic epidural insertion (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this single group observational study on 29 patients, we describe a technique that predicts the depth of the epidural space, calculated from the routine pre-operative chest computerised tomography (CT) scan using Pythagorean triangle trigonometry. We also compared the CT-derived depth of the epidural space with the actual depth of needle insertion. The CT-derived and the actual depths of the epidural space were highly correlated (r = 0.88, R2 = 0.78, p 〈 0.0001). The mean (95% CI) difference between CT-derived and actual depths was 0.26 (0.03–0.49) cm. Thus, the CT-derived depth tends to be greater than the actual depth by between 0.03 and 0.49 cm. There were no associations between either the CT-derived or the actual depth of the epidural space and age, weight, height or body mass index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02572_4.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of remifentanil on haemodynamic stability during rigid bronchoscopy (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We examined the effect of remifentanil on the haemodynamic response to rigid bronchoscopy in 22 adult ASA 2–4 patients, randomly allocated to receive 1.0 µg.kg−1 remifentanil over 1 min followed by 0.5 µg.kg−1.min−1 (remifentanil group) or 2.0 µg.kg−1 fentanyl followed by a saline infusion (control group). Following the initial infusion, all patients received a sleep dose of propofol followed by rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg−1 and their lungs were ventilated using a Sander's injector attached to the rigid bronchoscope. Direct arterial blood pressures, heart rate and ST segment changes on the CM5 lead configuration of the electrocardiograph were measured at 1-min intervals from before induction of anaesthesia until the end of bronchoscopy. Arterial pressures and heart rate were similar in the two groups before and after induction of anaesthesia. Remifentanil attenuated the haemodynamic response to bronchoscopy (p 〈 0.05 for increases in arterial pressures and heart rate). Four patients in the remifentanil group had ST segment depression compared with eight patients in the control group, but this was not statistically significant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2001.1913-3.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulating evolution of glyphosate resistance in Lolium rigidum I: population biology of a rare resistance trait (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 43 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Despite frequent use for the past 25 years, resistance to glyphosate has evolved in few weed biotypes. The propensity for evolution of resistance is not the same for all herbicides, and glyphosate has a relatively low resistance risk. The reasons for these differences are not entirely understood. A previously published two-herbicide resistance model has been modified to explore biological and management factors that account for observed rates of evolution of glyphosate resistance. Resistance to a post-emergence herbicide was predicted to evolve more rapidly than it did to glyphosate, even when both were applied every year and had the same control efficacy. Glyphosate is applied earlier in the growing season when fewer weeds have emerged and hence exerts less selection pressure on populations. The evolution of glyphosate resistance was predicted to arise more rapidly when glyphosate applications were later in the growing season. In simulations that assumed resistance to the post-emergence herbicide did not evolve, the evolution of glyphosate resistance was less rapid, because post-emergence herbicides were effectively controlling rare glyphosate-resistant individuals. On their own, these management-related factors could not entirely account for rates of evolution of resistance to glyphosate observed in the field. In subsequent analyses, population genetic parameter values (initial allele frequency, dominance and fitness) were selected on the basis of empirical data from a glyphosate-resistant Lolium rigidum population. Predicted rates of evolution of resistance were similar to those observed in the field. Together, the timing of glyphosate applications, the rarity of glyphosate-resistant mutants, the incomplete dominance of glyphosate-resistant alleles and pleiotropic fitness costs associated with glyphosate resistance, all contribute to its relatively slow evolution in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0043-1737.2003.00358.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of the Na+/Pi cotransport system in the plasma membrane of Chara corallina requires external Na+ and low levels of Pi (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It was shown in previous studies that the giant freshwater alga Chara corallina does not control its Na+-dependent Pi uptake by monitoring the internal Pi concentration and it was hypothesized that Chara may instead detect changes in Pi supply from the environment. The present work investigated the conditions that control the induction and inactivation of high affinity Na+/Pi influx in Chara. Withdrawal of Pi from the external medium resulted in a gradual increase in the rate of uptake measured immediately after Pi was resupplied. The increase continued for at least 7 d of starvation. In the initial stages, 0·5 or 1 µm Pi were more effective at inducing transport activity than no Pi, suggesting that low levels of Pi are actually required for induction. The high Na+-dependent Pi uptake observed in Pi-starved cells was inactivated by treatment with as little as 1 µm Pi over 6 d. External Na+ plays a major role in controlling the capacity for Na+/Pi cotransport activity, and in the absence of Na+, both induction and inactivation were either delayed or abolished. Na+ starvation stimulated Na+ uptake even though there were no measurable changes in the concentrations of Na+, or of K+ or Pi in either the vacuole or cytoplasm. It was concluded that both substrate (Pi) and driver ion (Na+) are required at adequate concentrations for the induction of the cotransporter. In the case of Pi, it was suggested that passive leakage of Pi from the cell into the apoplast is sufficient for this purpose but that supplementation by up to 1 µm Pi is more effective at the earlier stage. A mechanism for sensing the external supply of Pi is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00921.x
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