Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Antigen-induced arthritis - Clodronate - Inflammation - Joint destruction - Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Objective: To investigate the effects of clodronate on clinical disease activity, inflammatory alterations and cartilage destruction, periarticular and axial bone volume and bone turnover in chronic antigen-induced arthritis (AIA; day 28).¶Methods: Rats with AIA were treated with clodronate (5 mg/kg/day continuously; 20 mg/kg/day intermittently or high-dose with 300 mg/kg 3 hours after arthritis induction +20 mg/kg/day continuously, respectively). Joint pathology was examined by histology. Bone volume and cellular turnover parameters of the right tibia head and the third lumbar vertebra were evaluated by histomorphometry. The findings were compared with those of healthy controls, sham-treated AIA and AIA treated continuously with 250 μg/kg of dexamethasone.¶Results: All three therapy regimens with clodronate resulted in a significant reduction of joint swelling, histopathological inflammatory changes and cartilage destruction in comparison with sham-treated AIA. The antiinflammatory effect of high-dose clodronate was comparable with dexamethasone. The intermittent administration of 20 mg/kg/day of clodronate completely prevented periarticular bone loss by reduction of bone resorption without affecting bone formation at the periarticular and axial bone. Both continuous treatment with 5 mg/kg/day of clodronate and high-dose clodronate therapy partially prevented periarticular bone loss and reduced parameters of bone formation at the axial bone to values below those of healthy controls.¶Conclusion: High-dose clodronate therapy exerts an excellent preventive effect on clinical disease activity and on joint destruction in AIA. However, continuous treatment with high doses of clodronate may result in a low turnover state of bone remodelling.¶
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aprotinin ; Tranexamsäure ; Extrakorporale Zirkulation ; Thrombosen ; Key words Aprotinin ; Tranexamic acid ; CPB ; Thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objective: Antifibrinolytic drug therapy has proved to be effective in reducing blood loss associated with cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Concerns remain regarding the risk of enhancing thrombosis. In the present study we investigated the effect of aprotinin (AP) and tranexamic acid (TA) on fibrinolysis and thrombin generation during CPB. Methods: 60 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomised in 3 groups. They received either aprotinin (“high-dose-scheme”), tranexamic acid (2 g/h) or no antifibrinolytic therapy (control group). Collection of blood was performed at 7 pre-, intra- and postoperatively predetermined intervals. Fibrinolytic activity was determined by measuring concentrations of D-dimer, thrombin generation by the measurement of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT). Results: There was no significant increase of D-dimers in the AP or TA group. D-dimer concentration in the control group increased significantly after starting CPB. Comparing with the control group, thrombin generation in the AP group was significant less, while TA group produced significantly higher values. Conclusion: After the administration of AP for cardiac surgery we observed reductions in both intraoperative fibrinolysis and thrombin generation. In case of TA suppression of fibrinolytic activity in the absence of concomitant reduction in thrombin generation occurred. These results suggest that TA could potentiate a hypercoagulable state with the risk of thrombosis in the perioperative setting.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Zur Reduktion des intra- und postoperativen Blutverlusts werden heute bei Eingriffen mit extrakorporaler Zirkulation (EKZ) in der Kardioanästhesie häufig antifibrinolytisch wirksame Substanzen eingesetzt. Es bestehen jedoch gleichzeitig Bedenken hinsichtlich ihres Potentials als Auslöser thrombotischer Komplikationen. Vorliegend sollte daher die Wirksamkeit von Aprotinin und Tranexamsäure auf die Fibrinolyse und Thrombingeneration während Herzoperationen unter EKZ miteinander verglichen werden. Methodik: 60 Patienten, die sich einer aortokoronaren Bypassoperation unterziehen mußten, wurden randomisiert in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt. Die erste Gruppe erhielt intraoperativ Aprotinin (“high-dose-Schema”), die zweite Gruppe Tranexamsäure (2 g/h), die dritte Gruppe diente als Kontrollgruppe und erhielt kein Antifibrinolytikum. Blutproben wurden zu 7 festgelegten Meßzeitpunkten prä-, intra- und postoperativ entnommen. Zur Kontrolle der Fibrinolyse wurden die D-Dimer-Konzentration, zur Bestimmung der Thrombingeneration die Konzentration der Thrombin-Antithrombin III-Komplexe (TAT) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Zu keinem Meßzeitpunkt konnte weder unter Anwendung von Aprotinin noch von Tranexamsäure ein signifikanter Anstieg der D-Dimer-Konzentration verzeichnet werden, wogegen die D-Dimere in der Kontrollgruppe nach EKZ-Beginn signifikant anstiegen. Unter Aprotinin kam es außerdem zu einer signifikant geringeren Thrombingeneration im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe. Die Thrombingeneration in der Tranexamgruppe war im Gegensatz dazu signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe. Schlußfolgerung: Aprotinin hemmt sowohl die Fibrinolyse als auch die Thrombingeneration und scheint damit eine Balance zwischen Blutgerinnung und Lyse herzustellen. Tranexamsäure hemmt zwar wirksam die Fibrinolyse, jedoch ohne gleichzeitige Reduktion der Thrombingeneration. Es könnte dadurch eine hyperkoagulabile Situation mit der Gefahr von thrombotischen Komplikationen in der perioperativen Phase entstehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Thiamine diphosphate ; Transketolase ; Benfotiamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The influence of either orally administered S-benzoylthiamine-O-monophosphate (benfotiamine) or thiamine nitrate on the thiamine status was tested in a randomised, two-group comparison study in 20 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Main outcome measures were the pharmacokinetics of thiamine diphosphate (TDP) in blood, the in vitro erythrocyte transketolase activity, its activation coefficient (α-ETK) and the TDP concentration in erythrocytes. Methods: After ingestion of a single dose of either 100 mg thiamine nitrate (corresponding to 305 μmol thiamine) or 100 mg benfotiamine (corresponding to 214 μmol thiamine), the blood levels of thiamine phosphate esters were analysed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography for a 24-h period. The TDP concentration in erythrocytes was calculated using the haematocrit and TDP concentration in blood. Erythrocyte transketolase activity and α-ETK were measured before and 10 h after administration. The pharmacokinetics of TDP in blood were compared with healthy subjects of other studies retrieved from database query. Results: Regarding the blood concentrations of TDP, the patients with ESRD had a 4.3 times higher area under the concentration–time curve after benfotiamine administration than after thiamine nitrate. After benfotiamine administration, the peak plasma concentration of TDP exceeded that in healthy subjects by 51%. In the ESRD patients, after 24 h, the mean TDP concentration in erythrocytes increased from 158.7 ± 30.9 ng/ml initially to 325.8 ± 50.9 ng/ml after administration of benfotiamine and from 166.2 ± 51.9 ng/ml to 200.5 ± 50.0 ng/ml after thiamine nitrate administration. The ratio between the maximum erythrocyte TDP concentration and basal concentration was 2.66 ± 0.6 in the benfotiamine group and 1.44 ± 0.2 in the group receiving thiamine nitrate (P 〈 0.001). After 24 h, it was 2.11 ± 0.4 and 1.23 ± 0.2, respectively. The transketolase activity increased from 3.54 ± 0.7 μkat/l initially to 3.84 ± 0.6 μkat/l after benfotiamine intake (P=0.02) and from 3.71 ± 0.8 μkat/l to 4.02 ± 0.7 μkat/l after thiamine nitrate intake (P=0.08). Likewise, α-ETK decreased from initially 1.10 ± 0.07 to 1.04 ± 0.04 (P=0.04) and from 1.12 ± 0.05 to 1.08 ± 0.06 (P=0.09). After 24 h, the phosphorylation ratio in whole blood decreased from 12.9 ± 6.9 initially to 5.6 ± 3.2 after benfotiamine administration (P=0.02) and from 13.5 ± 7.3 to 9.0 ± 4.8 (P=0.03) after administration of thiamine nitrate. No correlation between erythrocyte TDP concentration and transketolase activity and/or α-ETK was observed in ESRD patients, either before or 10 h after administration. Conclusion: Compared with thiamine nitrate, the oral administration of benfotiamine leads to higher TDP concentrations in erythrocytes accompanied with a significant improvement of the erythrocyte transketolase activity in ESRD patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of optimization theory and applications 104 (2000), S. 443-458 
    ISSN: 1573-2878
    Keywords: semi-infinite programming ; optimality conditions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Generalized semi-infinite optimization problems (GSIP) are considered. We generalize the well-known optimality conditions for minimizers of order one in standard semi-infinite programming to the GSIP case. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for local minimizers of order one without the assumption of local reduction. The necessary conditions are derived along the same lines as the first-order necessary conditions for GSIP in a recent paper of Jongen, Rückmann, and Stein (Ref. 1) by assuming the so-called extended Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification. Using the ideas of a recent paper of Rückmann and Shapiro, we give short proofs of necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for minimizers of order one under the additional assumption of the Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification at all local minimizers of the so-called lower-level problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...