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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of IL-1β-induced messenger RNAs in rat pancreatic beta cells by differential display of messenger RNA (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1199-1203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Beta cells ; chemokine ; phospholipase-D ; DDRT-PCR ; interleukin-1 ; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 ; adenine nucleotide translocator ; CINC-1 ; CINC-3.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Interleukin-1β is a putative mediator of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and damage in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in IL-1β effects, we carried out a differential display of mRNA by RT-PCR to identify novel cytokine-regulated genes. Methods. Fluorescence activated cell sorting-purified rat pancreatic beta-cells were exposed for 6 or 24 h to IL-1β. Differentially expressed cDNA bands were cloned and then identified by comparing their sequences with data from the GenBank. Differential gene expression was confirmed by RT-PCR using specific primers. Results. Interleukin-1β increased the expression of adenine nucleotide translocator-1, phospholipase D-1 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 and decreased expression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase-like protein IA-2. Interleukin-1β-induced differential expression of these genes in beta cells was confirmed by RT-PCR. In additional studies, IL-1β was shown to induce chemokines other than cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1, including cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Conclusion/interpretation. Our observations indicate that IL-1β modifies the expression of several genes in pancreatic beta cells. These genes may affect both function, viability and beta-cell recognition by the immune system. Functional characterization of the mRNAs which have been identified could facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms leading to beta-cell destruction in Type I diabetes. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1199–1203]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051292
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interureteric ridge edema: incidence and etiology (1995)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 368-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Bladder, abnormalities ; Ureter, calculi ; Ureter, stenosis or obstruction ; Urography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background Interureteric ridge edema may be seen at intravenous urography (IVU) and is related to acute lower ureteral obstruction, trauma, or calculi. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between interureteric ridge edema and acute distal ureteral obstruction caused by ureteral calculi. Methods A total of 338 patients who had IVU for various indications during a 6-month period were reviewed for the presence of interureteric ridge edema. Results Interureteric ridge edema was seen in 12 (4%) of 338 patients, all with acute lower ureteral obstruction from stones. Interureteric ridge edema was best demonstrated with the partially filled bladder film or postvoid bladder film in all cases. Conclusion Interureteric ridge edema is most commonly caused by stone-induced distal ureteral obstruction and is less commonly seen with recent passage of a stone or other etiologies. Interureteric ridge edema was present in 26% of patients with acute lower ureteral obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203374
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical simulation of sea water intrusion near Beihai, China (2000)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 40 (2000), S. 223-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Keywords Coastal aquifers ; Seawater intrusion ; Leaky aquifer system ; Numerical modeling ; Numerical simulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A leaky aquifer system occurs in the coastal plain near Beihai, China. Seawater intrusion into the confined aquifer took place along the northern coast. Chloride concentrations at some observation wells increased steadily from 1988 and were at their peak in 1993. A quasi-three-dimensional element model has been developed to simulate the spatial and temporal evolution of hydraulic heads and chloride concentrations of the groundwater near the northern coast. The simulation model was based on the transition zone approach, which requires simultaneous solution of the governing water flow and solute transport equations. An irregular grid of a quadrangle was used to discretize the flow domain. Various aquifer parameters were verified with the numerical model in order to obtain satisfactory matches between computed values and observed data from an investigation. Three pumpage schemes were designed to use the calibrated model for prediction of future changes in water levels and chloride concentrations in groundwater in the study area. Results show that seawater intrusion would worsen in the confined aquifer if the current rates of groundwater pumpage continue. The alternative, to eliminate pumpage in the intruded area and to moderate pumpage rates from water supply wells far from the seashore, may limit seawater intrusion significantly and is considered attractive in the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540000113
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative cutaneous testing with purified protein derivative and the antigen complex A60 in vaccinated subjects and tuberculosis patients (1995)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 184 (1995), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Mycobacteria · ; Infectious diseases · ; Immune reactions · ; Cutaneous testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Some 840 bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated healthy controls and tuberculosis patients from two Chinese hospitals were submitted to comparative skin tests with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD; as reference) and with the antigen complex A60 from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. In a first trial, including 581 persons (185 healthy juveniles, 180 healthy adults and 216 tuberculosis patients), a limited dose of A60 (1μg) was used. Performance of the A60 test was similar to that of 5 I.U. PPD for controls (cut-off values=5 mm induration diameter), but lower than that seen for tuberculosis patients (10 mm cut-off values). A second survey was conducted on 259 persons (109 recently revaccinated healthy persons, considered as tuberculin-negative in the first trial, and 150 tuberculosis patients), using a higher dose of A60 (2 μg) and the same dose of PPD (5 I.U.). Similar results were obtained with the two tests in all cases, thus supporting the possibility of PPD replacement by A60 in cutaneous testing. The pattern of induration diameter distribution in healthy subjects who took part in the first testing round (64% positively rate) was displaced to the inactivity side (with a peak at 5 to 9-mm diameter), in comparison with the second round (90% positivity rate and peak at 10–14 mm). This indicates a progressive fading of cellular immunity reactions after BCG vaccination. In tuberculosis patients, no correlation was found among the following three parameters: positivity at cutaneous testing (with PPD or A60), titer of anti-A60 mycobacterial immunoglobulins in blood (IgG titer higher than cut-off line) and presence of mycobacteria in sputum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216784
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symmetry transformations in extended irreversible thermodynamics (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 42 (2001), S. 2531-2539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider symmetry transformations that preserve the first law and the second law of thermodynamics, as well as the pseudo-Riemannian structure of the Legendre manifold defined in terms of the second derivative matrix of the entropy function in extended irreversible thermodynamics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1368844
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic foundation of extended irreversible thermodynamics (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7445-7457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we investigate the kinetic foundation of extended irreversible thermodynamics via the moment method. First we consider the construct of the 1-particle distribution function f in terms of its moments by maximizing the entropy density function. We then project f from its L2 space onto the local thermodynamic variables z=(z1,...,zN) in the thermodynamic base space B(circumflex)N. Thus instead of the Boltzmann equation we consider a set of evolution equations of z in B(circumflex)N. Second, we formulate the laws of thermodynamics governing the variable z in B(circumflex)N. These laws exhibit an intrinsic geometric structure of thermodynamics in the setting of contact geometry. Finally, as an illustration, we discuss the evolution equations for the bulk pressure Pb, heat flux Q, and the symmetric traceless tensor π(two down arrows) corresponding to the viscous and heat conduction irreversible processes. These equations can be formulated as an abstract inhomogeneous hyperbolic evolution equation. By employing the C0 semigroup technique, we discuss the solution of the evolution equation and its asymptotic behavior. We show that thermodynamic stability condition of the system implies asymptotic dynamical stability of the solution and vice versa. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1312194
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A density functional theory study of site-specific methyl reaction on MoO3(010): The effects of methyl coverage (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 9617-9623 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report density functional theory calculations, using pseudopotentials with a plane wave basis, of methyl adsorbed on the MoO3(010) surface at 0.5 and 1.0 ML coverages. The MoO3 surface is modeled by a one-layer slab. Methyl is adsorbed most strongly over the terminal oxygen, where methoxy is formed. Over the bridging oxygens, qualitatively different results are obtained depending on the coverage of methyl. At 0.5 ML, methoxy is formed over the bridging oxygens, with an associated relaxation of the surface caused by a repulsion between the methyl and the terminal oxygen. For the 1.0 ML coverage, methyl is not stable and decomposes. Over the asymmetric bridging oxygen, methyl reacts to form formaldehyde and hydroxyl, while over the symmetric bridging oxygen a formyl species and water are produced. The hydroxyl and water are formed via hydrogen transfer to a terminal oxygen. The bonding and reaction of methyl over the various oxygen species are analyzed and discussed using charge density difference plots as well as the crystal orbital overlap projection (COOP). For the 0.5 ML methyl coverage, this analysis shows that the tilting of the terminal oxygen bond weakens this bond slightly. For the 1.0 ML methyl coverage, the COOP plots indicate that the decomposition of methyl over the bridging oxygens is not as stable as methyl over the terminal oxygen because the presence of the carbon fragments affects the electronic structure, and causes a weakening of the Mo–terminal oxygen bond. These results are discussed in the context of partial oxidation reactions. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.481578
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the second law of thermodynamics and contact geometry (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 329-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider the second law of thermodynamics for a dissipative system and its symmetry property in terms of contact geometry. We first show that the inaccessibility condition of Caratheodory and the assumption of semipositive definite property of the dissipative energy are equivalent to Clausius' inequality. The inaccessibility condition then gives rise to a generalized Gibbs relation (GGR). By means of the GGR a 1-form ω can be defined such that the zero of ω reproduces the GGR. Such 1-form ω has the property ω∧(dω)n≠0 and ω∧(dω)n+1=0. The integral surface of the GGR is an n-dimensional 1-graph space G (Legendre submanifold) of a 1-jet space J1(En,R), where En is the base space of J1(En,R) with thermodynamic variables as its coordinates. The (2n+1)-dimensional J1(En,R) equipped with the 1-form ω is also called a contact bundle K, where the intensive thermodynamic variables are considered as the contact elements to K at every x. Next we construct an isovector field Xf such that the inaccessibility condition is invariant under the contact transformations generated by Xf. Finally, suppose under some specific assumptions the dynamical equations of the thermodynamic variables x can be approximated by the flow equations of a vector field XG on G. We can lift XG to Xf such that the 1-graph space G as well as the inaccessibility condition are preserved under the contact transformations generated by Xf. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.532316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the second law of thermodynamics for a dissipative system (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 5153-5166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: In this paper we consider dissipative fluxes as well as the conserved variables as a set of independent variables characterizing the thermodynamic state of a nonequilibrium system. We then generalize the traditional internal energy balance equation so that contributions due to the dissipative fluxes are taken into consideration. On the other hand, the second law is formulated in terms of Caratheodory's inaccessibility condition in conjunction with the assumption that dissipative energy associated with internal work arising from irreversible processes be semipositive definite. We show that the second law formulated in this manner is equivalent to Kelvin's principle and Clausius's principle, as well as Clausius's inequality. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531934
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the Viability of Probiotics in a New Fermented Milk Drink by the Genetic Algorithms for Response Surface Modeling (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Calcium gluconate (0.0 to 0.5%), sodium gluconate (0.0 to 1.0%), and N-acetylglucosamine (0.0 to 1.0%) were added to skim milk to retain the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum. To carry out response surface modeling, the regression method was performed on experimental results to build mathematical models. The models were then formulated as an objective function in an optimization problem that was consequently optimized using a genetic algorithm approach to obtain the maximum viability of the probiotics. The genetic algorithms (GAs) were examined to search for the optimal value. The results indicated that GAs were very effective for optimizing the activity of probiotic cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05722.x
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