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  • 2000-2004  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Focal cerebral ischemia ; Programmed neuronal death ; Nimodipine ; Mannitol ; Cerebroprotection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nimodipine and mannitol on infarct size and on the amount of apoptosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 300–380 g) by transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) using an intraluminal thread model. All animals underwent ischemia for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Group I (n=16) was untreated. Group II (n=16) received 15% mannitol (1 g/kg as bolus) and group III (n=9) received 15 µg/kg/h nimodipine intravenously beginning 15 min prior to MCAO. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the brain was taken and sectioned in coronal slices. The slices were stained with H&E and with the transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant (P〈0.05) decrease in infarct size in the striatum with both drugs: mannitol (group II) 25.4±5.9% and nimodipine (group III) 21.5±11.0% versus control (group I) 34.9±7.0% and in the cortex 2.7±2.0% (group II) and 6.3±2.4% (group III) versus control 14.4±9.0% (group I). The number of apoptotic cells was statistically lower in the therapy groups (group III 9.6, group II 25.8) versus control (group I 57.9) (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test Z〉1.96, P〈0.05). This study indicates that mannitol and nimodipine provide neuroprotection by preventing both the necrotic and apoptotic components of cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia and may be effective as neuroprotective drugs for cerebrovascular surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental modeling and assessment 1 (1996), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 1573-2967
    Keywords: Murray Mouth ; river flow ; recursive estimation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The River Murray in Australia drains an area of one million square kilometres, but in 1981 the mouth closed for some weeks. It is important that this be prevented, as the environmental consequences of permanent closure are severe. The size of the mouth is influenced by wind and wave activity at the mouth, and by the river flow, which is controlled by a system of weirs and barrages. We have been able to demonstrate using recursive estimation techniques that river flow is the most important explanatory variable for mouth size, so that the proper management of flow alone has the potential to prevent future closures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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