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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ONO-4817, an orally active matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced proteoglycan release from the joint cartilage in guinea pigs (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 144-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor — LPS induced-arthritis — Guinea pigs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: To evaluate the effect of a newly developed inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), ONO-4817, on the degradation of cartilage in the guinea pig arthritis model.¶Materials: 42 guinea pigs were used in the arthritis model.¶Treatment: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into guinea pig knee joints. The content of proteoglycan released in synovial cavity was measured as a marker of cartilage degradation. ONO-4817, dexamethasone or indomethacin were administered orally to the animals.¶Results: ONO-4817 showed a broad inhibitory activity against MMPs except MMP-1 and MMP-7. The oral administration of ONO-4817 dose-dependently suppressed the release of proteoglycan from the cartilage of the knee joints.¶Conclusion: This study suggests the possibility that a novel MMP inhibitor, ONO-4817 may have a therapeutic utility for MMP-related diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050573
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role and Source of ATP for Activation of Nonselective Cation Channels by AlF Complex in Guinea Pig Chromaffin Cells (1996)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 154 (1996), S. 183-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: ATP — Mitochondria — Glycolysis — Nonselective cation channel — Phosphorylation — G protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Intracellular dialysis with the solution containing the G protein activator, AlF complex, induced an inward nonselective cation current (I NS) at −55 mV in chromaffin cells. Amplitudes of I NS induced by dialysis with ATP-free AlF solutions progressively diminished as cells were pretreated with cyanide, a mitochondrial inhibitor. After a 10-min pretreatment, generation of I NS by the AlF complex depended on exogenous ATP delivered from pipette solution. The relationship between amplitudes of I NS and concentrations of MgATP was well expressed by a rectangular hyperbola with an EC50 of 0.265 mm. This result suggests that the cyanide treatment almost depleted ATP near the plasma membrane. On the other hand, a similar cyanide treatment of adrenal medullary preparations did not induce a marked decrease in cellular ATP content. GTP, ITP, or UTP could not substitute for ATP in generation of I NS by the AlF complex. Similarly, the substitution of ATP with non- or poorly hydrolyzable ATP analogues did not aid in generating I NS. Bath application of the kinase inhibitor, H-7 (100 μm), suppressed AlF-induced I NS in a manner depending on intracellular Mg2+. We conclude that ATP is a prerequisite for generation of I NS as a phosphoryl donor and that mitochondria is the main source of ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900143
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Search for 22q11 deletion in non-syndromic conotruncal cardiac defects (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 155 (1996), S. 619-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01957919
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive effect of CO2 enrichment and temperature on the photosynthesis of field-grown hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) branches (2000)
    Springer
    Trees 14 (2000), S. 282-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Light response curve ; Chamaecyparis obtusa ; Elevated CO2 ; Temperature ; Net photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Two branches of a field-grown Chamaecy-paris obtusa tree were enclosed in chambers of an open gas exchange system for continuous CO2 exchange measurements. One branch was subjected to ambient air (CO2, 370 µmol mol–1) and the other was subjected to CO2-enriched air (800 µmol mol–1). The CO2 exchange rate of the branches, air temperature and photosynthetic photon flux density were recorded every 4 min by a computer during the two experimental periods of July 1994 to June 1995 (experiment 1) and April 1996 to August 1997 (experiment 2). The response of CO2 gas exchange rate to light changed with the seasonal temperature. The highest saturated rate of net photosynthesis on a leaf area basis was observed in May and October in both CO2 treatments when the mean daytime temperature was about 18–19°C. This temperature was almost equal to the yearly mean daytime temperature. Above and below this temperature, the saturated net photosynthesis rate decreased. The net photosynthesis rate was usually higher in the elevated CO2 treatment. The ratio of monthly net photosynthesis rate in elevated CO2 to that in ambient CO2 was linearly related to the monthly mean daytime temperature. This ratio increased by 3.3% for each 1°C increase in the monthly mean daytime temperature; the highest ratio of 1.8 occurred in August. When the ratio was 1.0, the temperature was about 5–6°C, which was close to the mean daytime temperature of the coldest month. Elevated CO2 increased per unit area net photosynthesis by 38.5% and 43.7% in experiments 1 and 2, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009769
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dermatological study on dark eye circles and their treatment with newly developed cosmetics (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 26 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood flow stagnation is said to be an important factor for the incidence of dark eye circles, but there are few reports, which have studied dark eye circles and the relationship to blood flow. We have examined dark eye circles dermatologically using a non-invasive method and made clear the factor related to it. We have also studied the effect of newly developed cosmetics on improvement of dark eye circles. Melanin and haemoglobin content, haemoglobin oxygen saturation and blood flow rate were measured to compare dark eye circles with a normal control. An increased amount of haemoglobin and decreased haemoglobin oxygen saturation were observed at the site of dark eye circles. We also observed that the blood flow rate was slow at dark eye circles in comparison with cheek. From these results, blood flow stagnation seems to be one of the factors that could induce dark eye circles. In addition, the increase of melanin at dark eye circles was also observed in older subjects. It was considered that not only congestion but also an increase of melanin content in the skin could induce dark eye circles. On the basis of these results, we developed anti-dark eye circle cosmetics that can improve blood circulation, reduce melanin content and maintain high moisture retention in the skin. After 3 weeks’ usage of this product, it was confirmed that dark eye circles were improved, judging from the result of non-invasive instrumental measurements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.2004.00242_2.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient contribution of mast cells to pulmonary eosinophilia but not to hyper-responsiveness (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background We have recently demonstrated that the transfer of interleukin (IL)-5-producing CD4+ T cell clones into unprimed mice is sufficient for the development of eosinophilic inflammation in the bronchial mucosa upon antigen inhalation.Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the possible contribution of mast cells in eosinophilic inflammation and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR), and to discriminate between the roles of CD4+ T cells and mast cells.Methods Mast cell-deficient mice (WBB6F1-W/Wv) and their congenic normal littermates (WBB6F1−+/+) were immunized with ovalbumin and challenged by inhalation with the relevant antigen.Results Airway eosinophilia was induced with equivalent intensity in +/+ and W/Wv mice 6, 24, 96 and 216 h after antigen inhalation. In contrast, 48 h after antigen challenge, eosinophilic infiltration into the bronchial mucosa was significantly less pronounced in W/Wv mice than in +/+ mice. Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (mAb), anti-IL-5 mAb, and cyclosporin A were administered next, demonstrating that the airway eosinophilia of W/Wv mice induced 48 h after antigen challenge was almost completely inhibited by each of these three treatments, but that of +/+ mice was significantly less susceptible. Bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine was increased 48 h after antigen challenge and was not significantly different between +/+ and W/Wv mice. Administration of anti-IL-5 mAb completely inhibited the development of BHR in both +/+ and W/Wv mice.Conclusion These results indicate that, in mice, mast cells do have a supplemental role in the development of pulmonary eosinophilia but not BHR. CD4+ T cells totally regulate these responses by producing IL-5.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.01248.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A vital staining technique with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) for the determination of viability of myxosporean and actinosporean spores (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A vital staining technique with fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and propidium iodide (PI) was used for determination of viability of myxosporean stage spores of Myxobolus artus and actinosporean stage spores of M. cultus. Viable spores stained green with FDA and non-viable spores stained red with PI were clearly distinguishable in M. artus myxosporean spores released from live infected fish, while the spores collected from pseudocysts were not well stained with FDA. Immediately after release from the oligochaete, Branchiura sowerbyi, actinosporean spores of M. cultus, stained bright green in the sporoplasms and red in the spore processes. In vitro survivability tests revealed that the longevity of M. artus spores was 5 months at 25°C and 15 months at 18°C. Drying and ultraviolet irradiation (36 000 mW s cm–2 for M. artus myxosporean spores, 600 mW s cm–2 for M. cultus actinosporean spores) were most effective as sporicidal treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1997.00293.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological changes induced by three myxosporeans in the intestine of cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes (Temminck and Schlegel) (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of fish diseases 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Pathological changes in cultured tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, with emaciation disease in Kyushu, Japan were studied histologically. In most cases, diseased fish were heavily infected with at least one of three myxosporeans (Myxidium fugu, Myxidium sp. and Leptotheca fugu) and two unidentified hyperparasitic microsporeans, attached to, or in, the intestinal epithelium. Myxidium fugu attached to the surface of the epithelium, caused no noticeable effects on the host tissue, irrespective of its infection with the hyperparasite. Myxidium sp., which proliferated in the epithelium, induced severe pathological changes including accumulation of cell debris between the epithelium and lamina propria and resultant detachment of the epithelium. Leptotheca fugu, another histozoic myxosporean, induced degeneration of the epithelium, associated with massive infiltration of macrophages into the epithelium to encapsulate parasites. When L. fugu was infected with its hyperparasitic microsporean, shortened villi were also observed. This is probably because passage of macrophage-parasite aggregates through the basement membrane of the epithelium severely damaged the epithelial structure. It is evident histologically that, unlike epicellular M. fugu, histozoic Myxidium sp. and L. fugu with or without hyperparasitic microsporeans, were highly pathogenic to host fish. This strongly suggests that they are causative agents of the emaciation disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00333.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modes of transmission of Glugea plecoglossi (Microspora) via the skin and digestive tract in an experimental infection model using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glugea plecoglossi (Microspora) is a significant cause of economic loss in cultured ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, in Japan, due to the unsightly appearance of infected fish harbouring xenomas in the body cavity. Modes of transmission of G. plecoglossi via the skin and digestive tract were studied in an experimental infection model using rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Combined with Uvitex 2B and in situ hybridization (ISH) assays, the early development of G. plecoglossi was successfully traced. Following a bath exposure of fish Uvitex 2B-labelled G. plecoglossi spores were observed to attach to microscopic injuries (trypan blue-positive sites) of fish skin, after which ISH-positive sporoplasms were found to invade the epidermis as early as 5 min post-infection (PI), migrating rapidly to the subdermis. It was also shown that G. plecoglossi entering via the skin does not spread into the internal organs but develops into subdermal xenomas. After rainbow trout were exposed to G. plecoglossi spores by oral intubation, spores germinated in the intestinal lumen, followed by penetration of sporoplasms into the gut mucosal epithelium 5 min PI. In vitro trials determining stimulation factors (fish mucus, changes in pH, digestive enzymes) for the extrusion of the polar tube were inconclusive. The present study indicates that skin wounds and the gut epithelium can be portals of entry of G. plecoglossi and that natural infection in fish seems to occur perorally rather than via the skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00556.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ovarian infection in the Iwagaki oyster, Crassostrea nippona, with the protozoan parasite Marteilioides chungmuensis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 27 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00540.x
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