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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5057-5059 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanometer-scale mounds were fabricated by applying voltage pulses between a substrate and an atomic force microscope cantilever coated with magnetic material. Mounds were formed on both insulator and conducting substrates. Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) observations of the fabricated mounds were performed, and the contrast was turned over by reversing the magnetization of the tip, which is convincing proof that the mounds are magnetic. The MFM images also suggest that the mounds are perpendicularly magnetized. These results demonstrate that scanning probe microscope based nanofabrication is a promising method to fabricate nanoscale magnetic dots on any kind of substrates. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5021-5023 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Coupling of soft magnetic films to antiferromagnetic substrates was studied by spin-polarized secondary electron microscopy. Permalloy (Ni80Fe20 alloy) films were deposited on antiferromagnetic NiO(111) single-crystal substrates. A domain structure consisting of fine grains (∼50 μm) was characteristic of the NiFe film deposited without applying magnetic field. The domain image and its response to applied field suggested existance of local easy axis and local unidirectional anisotropy. When macroscopic unidirectional anisotropy was introduced to the NiFe film by depositing under an applied dc magnetic field, many of the fine grains disappeared and the film showed large domains (∼1 mm). In the large domains, small elongated reversed domains (∼20 μm×60 μm) aligned parallel to each other implying local easy axis of magnetization. The type of domain behavior described above was not observed in a NiFe film on MgO(111) substrate that had the same crystal structure as NiO but no magnetic ordering. An x-ray analysis revealed that the local easy axes observed in NiFe/NiO specimens coincided with the [112¯] of the NiO crystal lying in the (111) substrate plane, which supported coupling of the NiFe film with the single-crystal substrate. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6582-6584 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The coercive forces and anisotropy fields of Fe-Ru-Ga-Si films deposited on 30° tilted substrates were measured for varying chemical compositions and crystal orientations. The minimum coercivity and minimum in-plane magnetic anisotropy were observed at an iron-rich composition corresponding to a substantial magnitude of anisotropy constant: K1=6×103 (J/m3). From an orientation analysis of the crystal aggregate, this optimization with the large K1 was understood to be a result of the cancellation of the shape anisotropy by the crystalline anisotropy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To clarify the significance of basic fetoprotein (BFP) in lymphocytes, we investigated whether BFP is produced in lymphocytes during blastic transformation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from 14 adults were cultured under the stimulation of lectins. The concentration of BFP in the culture medium (extracellular BFP) was estimated serially. The incorporation of [6-3 H] thymidine was assayed simultaneously. The intracellular BFP was measured by dual flow cytometry for DNA and BFP. A lymph node was studies immunohistochemically. Serum BFP was measured in four cases of lumphocytic leukaemia. In two cases, dual staining was performed. The intracellular BFP of the mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes was increased within 24 h. The extracellular BFP was increased exponentially from 72 h. The extracellular BFP at 96 h did not correlate with the [3H]-thymidine incorporation. The intracellular BFP increase began in G1 phase. Immunostaining showed that the B cells also produced BFP. Theserum BFP level in leukaemia was high in 1 of 4 cases and the leukaemic cells in two cases showed high intracellular BFP content. These observations indicate that BFP is produced in activated human lymphocytes and in lymphocytic leukaemic cells. The production of BFP during blastic transformation will be a useful new in vitro model for studying the biological role of BFP, and BFP labelling may offer some new possibilities for study of lymphocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Brain tumours ; N-acetyl-aspartate ; Lactate ; Embolisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated metabolic changes in brain tumours following treatment, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In meningiomas, effective therapeutic embolisation led to an acute increase in lactate. In radiosensitive tumours such as malignant lymphoma, a decrease in lactate and in increase inN-acetyl-aspartate occurred after radiotherapy, which preceded changes observed on magnetic resonance imaging. On the other hand, no significant changes in spectral patterns were observed in malignant gliomas resistant to therapy. Tissue characterisation of brain tumours by spectral patterns on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy remains controversial. However, we have shown it to be sensitive to metabolic changes following treatment, which may reflect the efficacy of the therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide poisoning ; Delayed carbon monoxide sequelae ; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The pathogenesis of delayed sequelae of carbon monoxide (CO) exposure is still unknown. We repeatedly examined a 55-year-old woman with the interval form of CO poisoning, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). When the clinical picture was severe, MRS revealed markedly lowered N-acetyl-asparatate (NAA)/creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr) ratio and slightly increased choline containing compounds (Cho)/Cr ratio. Subsequently, NAA and Cho/Cr ratio tended to return to normal, reflecting clinical improvement. Proton MRS shows the previously unrecognised neuronal activity in CO poisoning and precisely reflects the severity of symptoms. We stress the superiority of proton MRS over the conventional radiological examinations in CO poisoning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain metabolism ; Cerebral infarcts ; chronic ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The details of brain metabolism in chronic cerebral infarcts have not been clarified. Using proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) at 1.5 T, we measured biochemical changes in 16 patients with large infarcts involving the motor cortex in the chronic phase (median 293.9 days) and related the findings to clinical data. Localised spectra were obtained using point-resolved spectroscopy, with an echo time of 270 ms. Regions of interest were placed on the frontal lobe, including the precentral gyrus and central sulcus. Motor function was assessed by the manual muscle power test at the time of the 1H-MRS study. Only three patients with severe paresis had no signal in the lesions and a lactate signal was obtained in 13 cases. N -acetyl aspartate (NAA) was observed in 4 cases with recanalisation of an occluded vessel. Motor function correlated strongly with the NAA/choline-containing compounds (Cho) ratio (P 〈 0.01) and lactate/Cho ratio (P 〈 0.01). We found various metabolic patterns, reflecting residual neurological function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; Brain tumours ; N -acetyl-aspartate ; Lactate ; Embolisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated metabolic changes in brain tumours following treatment, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In meningiomas, effective therapeutic embolisation led to an acute increase in lactate. In radiosensitive tumours such as malignant lymphoma, a decrease in lactate and in increase in N-acetyl-aspartate occurred after radiotherapy, which preceded changes observed on magnetic resonance imaging. On the other hand, no significant changes in spectral patterns were observed in malignant gliomas resistant to therapy. Tissue characterisation of brain tumours by spectral patterns on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy remains controversial. However, we have shown it to be sensitive to metabolic changes following treatment, which may reflect the efficacy of the therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric cardiology 17 (1996), S. 125-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Key words: Supravalvular aortic stenosis — Pulmonary arterial stenosis — Coronary ostial stenosis — Twins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is rare in twins. We report monozygotic twins, both of whom had SVAS, coronary ostial stenosis, and peripheral pulmonary arterial stenosis, but no other phenotypic features of Williams syndrome. One of the twins died suddenly, but the SVAS and the right and left coronary ostial stenoses were enlarged successfully at operation in the other twin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 32 (1976), S. 59-65 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The definition of a lattice and its superlattice is given algebraically. A coincidence site lattice (CSL) is defined as an intersection lattice of any two crystal lattices, and a complete pattern-shift lattice (DSCL) as the set theoretically smallest lattice containing both crystal lattices as superlattices. In the case where the two lattices are related by a non-singular matrix (having non-zero determinant), the so-called 0-lattice may be generated from the two crystal lattices. Any translation of the 0-lattice by all the vectors of one of the crystal lattices forms a lattice, i.e. a reduced 0-lattice. As a result of the theory of groups and numbers, the reduced 0-lattice (abbreviated to ROL) is homomorphic to the DSCL. It is shown that the factor group of all cosets of lattice 1 in the DSCL (in the ROL) is isomorphic with the factor group of all cosets of the CSL in lattice 2 (in the 0-lattice). The volume of a unit cell is derived for all the lattices generated by the two crystal lattices. Secondly, the reciprocal of a lattice is introduced and the reciprocity between the CSL and the DSCL determined by the reciprocals of the two crystal lattices is shown as a special case of a theorem mentioned about modules over a ring. Finally a complete diagram of relationships between b-lattices and 0-lattices for direct lattices and reciprocal lattices is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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