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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Neuropeptide Y ; Substance P ; Immunocytochemistry ; C-fibers ; Dura mater ; Dural sinus ; Meningeal arteries ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Density and pattern of nerve fibers with neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity (NPY-LI) and substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI) in the rat dura mater encephali were investigated by light and electron microscopy using whole-mount preparations. NPY-LI fibers are observed throughout the encephalic dura mater. A remarkable net of NPY-LI nerve fibers is located in the walls of the sagittal and transverse sinuses. Beyond that NPY-LI network, distinct NPY-LI nerve fibers or plexus occur in the rostral falx, parietal dura mater of the olfactory bulb, supratentorial dura mater, parietal dura mater of the cerebellum, tentorium cerebelli and the ventral dura mater. Electron microscopic studies reveal that NPY-LI is exclusively located in unmyelinated axons of small and large nerve fiber bundles, with or without a perineural sheath. Immunopositive C-fibers are predominantly associated with the vascular bed. SP-LI nerve fibers have a moderate and more uniform distribution in the encephalic dura mater. A distinct plexus of SP-LI fibers follows the branches of the middle meningeal artery and the adjacent dura mater. SP-LI fibers are most prominent in the parietal dura mater of the cerebellum. Fine beaded SP-LI fibers, arising from larger SP-LI fiber bundles, are observed in close association to the capillary bed. SP-LI axons are all unmyelinated. They are found in larger nerve fiber bundles with a perineural sheath or in Schwann cells lacking any perineural sheath. The function of NPY-LI and SP-LI nerve fibers in the rat dura mater is discussed in relation to their topography, density and termination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Tachyglossus aculeatus (echidna) ; Echidna bill ; Sensory receptors ; Electroreceptor ; Mechanoreceptor ; Trigeminal nerve ; Monotreme ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The gross anatomy and nerve supply of the bill of echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) is described in relation to its function as an outstanding sensory organ. The sensory innervation of the skin of the echidna snout was investigated by means of frontal serial sections, after decalcification of the specimens. A comprehensive light and electron microscopic description of the location and fine structure of cutaneous sensory receptors of the trigeminal system was made by this means. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated Ruffini receptors, the types of other free receptors in the connective tissue and the Merkel cell receptor do not differ morphologically from those of higher mammals, whereas the pacinian-like corpuscle shows a unique organization of its outer core. This is composed of large perineural cells containing a unique reticulum of parallel-orientated endoplasmic membranes. Lamellated corpuscles, seen in isolation or in association with push rods, are numerous in the snout and in the tip of the tongue of echidna. Push rod receptor organs occur in the hairless skin of the bill with a very dense array at its rostral end and in the pseudopalatal ridges. Gland duct receptors are restricted to the skin adjacent to the nostrils and the mouth opening, including the pseudopalatal plates. Only about one quarter of the total number of 400 seromucous glands receive a sensory innervation of their intraepidermal duct segment. Within each innervated gland two types of receptor terminals are identified. The distributions of the different receptor types are mapped for different regions of the skin, the mucous membrane of the nasal and oral vestibule and the tip of the tongue. The fine structure of nerve terminals is discussed from a comparative anatomical point of view, and some speculations are made about possible transduction processes that underlie the known electrophysiological properties. The sensory organs such as the “push rod” and “gland duct receptor”, and most of their sensory terminals, are less differentiated in echidna snout than in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) bill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study quantum (Shubnikov-de Haas and de Haas-van Alphen) oscillations and angular oscillations of the reluctance in the organic quasi-two-dimensional metal (BO)2Clx(H2O)y. We show that the Fermi surface in this compound consists of a slightly corrugated cylinder with its axis perpendicular to the conducting plane. The cross section of the cylinder in this plane is a perfect circle of radius k F≃3×107 cm−1. The effective carrier mass associated with this cylinder is m*=(1.65–2.0) m 0 in the conducting plane, while the Dingle temperature is T D=3–4 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Magnetoresistance and magnetic torque have been studied in the single crystals of the mixed complex (ET)2TlHg(S0.45Se0.55CN)4. The quantum oscillations (Shubnikov-de Haas and de Haas-van Alphen) have been observed and investigated in details in this compound. The behavior of these oscillations is close to that in the complex (ET)2TlHg(SeCN)4 but is characterized by a stronger carrier scattering induced by the disordered positions of the S and Se atoms in the anion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Quantum de Haas-van Alphen oscillations and semiclassical angular magnetoresistance oscillations are observed in the quasi-two-dimensional organic metal κ-(BETS)2GaCl4. The behavior of these oscillations attests to the existence of two cylindrical Fermi surface sheets with axes perpendicular to the conducting plane. The cross-sectional areas of these cylinders in the conducting plane are equal to about 20 and 100% of the corresponding cross section of the Brillouin zone. It is shown that the many-particle interaction can be suppressed significantly in this compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3755-3760 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Faraday-type magnetometer is described in which the magnetic force is measured capacitively by monitoring the displacement of a spring-suspended quartz sample holder. A double gradient coil is used in order to compensate the force on the empty sample holder, thus minimizing the background signal. The magnetometer can be used at any temperature down to 1.4 K and has an ultimate sensitivity for magnetic moments of 2×10−6emu (G cm3).© 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 82 (1991), S. 243-255 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present results of a series of high resolution, low fielddc-magnetization measurements on the heavy fermion superconductors UPt3, UBe13, U1−x Th X Be13 and CeCu2Si2, from which values of the magnetic penetration depth λ can be extracted. A study of the temperature variation reveals aT 2 power law in all cases. This can not be reconciled with a BCS-like isotropic energy gap but may be explained by the presence of low energy quasiparticle states inside the gap. In the case of very pure superconductors, one such possibility is the assumption of point-nodes in the gap function. We argue, however, that an interpretation in terms of resonant impurity scattering in various anisotropic superconducting states is more likely to explain a broad range of experimental data. The results on differently oriented single crystals of UBe13 and UPt3 reveal no pronounced anisotropy related to the crystal lattice. Absolute values of λ atT=0 are deduced by a novel method in which the field is first screened out from the sample by means of an evaporated superconducting film (of lowerT c ). Above this lowerT c the sudden penetration of field into the sample can then be measured absolutely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 97 (1995), S. 55-58 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 74.70.T ; 65.40.E ; 74.30.C
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the specific heat capacity of a single crystal of UPt3 in zero magnetic field, in 2 T, and in 4 T (above $$B_{C_2 } $$ )with the adiabatic warm-up method down to a final temperature of 15 mK. The results prove our previous assumption that the normal state of UPt3 exhibits a similar, slightly modified specific heat anomaly around 20 mK as is present in the superconducting state. It is most probably a signature of long range magnetic order. Entropy balance aboveT C is fulfilled if both low-temperature peaks are included. For UBe13 (in the superconducting state) we find no specific heat anomaly down to 24 mK but a deviation from the power law valid at higher temperatures. DC-magnetization measurements on a second single crystal of UPt3 in a SQUID system yield a temperature dependence ∼T 2 between 150 and 20 mK extending the temperature range of earlier measurements by a factor of 4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Organic superconductor ; reentrant superconductivity ; temperature-pressure phase diagram ; magnetic-field-induced phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Systematic experimental study of the electrical transport and static magnetization reveals a direct and delicate interplay between magnetism and superconductivity in the organic materialκ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl, displayed through the specific temperature-pressure phase diagram, and such new effects for organic solids as the reentrant superconductivity in zero applied magnetic field and high-field-induced interchange between superconductivity and the nonmetallic resistive phase in the high-pressure region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The specific heat of several CeNiSn single crystals of various purity has been measured in the temperature range from 25 mK to 5 K and in magnetic fields from zero to 7 Tesla. At very low temperatures (below ∼200 mK) the specific heat is found to vary linearly with temperature (C=γT), the coefficient γ decreasing with increasing purity. Above 200 mK, the specific heat is well described as the sum of a linear and a quadratic term. An applied magnetic field affects mostly the linear term, which first slightly decreases, then strongly increases with field. In magnetic fields, a nuclear hyperfine specific heat contribution is superimposed, which is due mostly to the bare Zeeman-splitting of the 115 Sn, 117 Sn, 119 Sn nuclei (all with spin I=1/2 and with abundances of 0.35, 7.61, and 8.58% respectively) in the externally applied field. The results on the specific heat at very low temperatures in applied fields fit into the model of an enhanced (heavy-fermion type) density of states which is modified by coherent antiferromagnetic fluctuations into a V-shaped density of states at the Fermi energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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