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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 154 (1999), S. 677-708 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Finite-source rupture models, Chilean tectonics, seismic directivity.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A finite-source rupture model of the July 30, 1995, M w = 8.1 Antofagasta (Northern Chile) subduction earthquake is developed using body and surface waves that span periods from 20 to 290s. A long-period (150–290s) surface-wave spectral inversion technique is applied to estimate the average finite-fault source properties. Deconvolutions of broadband body waves using theoretical Green’s functions, and deconvolutions of broadband fundamental mode surface waves using empirical Green’s functions provided by a large aftershock, yield effective source time functions containing periods from 20 to 200s for many directivity parameters. The source time functions are used in an inverse radon transform to image a one-dimensional spatial model of the moment rate history. The event produced a predominantly unilateral southward rupture, yielding strong directivity effects on all seismic waves with periods less than a few hundred seconds. The aftershock information, spectral analysis, and moment rate distribution indicate a rupture length of 180–200km, with the largest slip concentrated in the first 120km, a rupture azimuth of 205°± 10° along the Chilean coastline, and a rupture duration of 60–68s with a corresponding average rupture velocity of 3.0–3.2km/s. The overall rupture character is quite smooth, accentuating the directivity effects and reducing the shaking intensity, however there are three regions with enhanced moment rate distributed along the rupture zone near the epicenter, 50 to 80km south of the epicenter, and 110 to 140km south of the epicenter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 221-228 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Stomach ; Venous drainage ; Gastric esophagoplasty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail a été effectué dans le but de préciser l'architecture générale du système veineux de l'estomac et son mode de drainage dans des conditions normales. Il est aussi motivé par la recherche du rôle du drainage veineux dans la genèse des désunions, des fistules anastomotiques, des sténoses après oesophagoplastie tubulée pédiculisée sur les vaisseaux gastro-épiploïques droits. 60 estomacs prélevés sur des cadavres frais ont été étudiés par la méthode d'injection-corrosion. Le produit utilisé est l'Altufix P10 coloré. 35 pièces ont été injectées globalement par la veine mésentérique supérieure, 15 pièces par la même voie mais après clampage de la veine splénique, de la veine gastrique gauche et de la veine gastrique droite, ce qui correspond a la technique de gastrolyse effectuée pour oesophagoplastie, et 10 ont été injectées simultanément par les produits colorés en quatre couleurs par les veines gastrique gauche, gastrique droite, mésentérique supérieure et splénique (ou liénale) pour préciser leur territories correspondants. L'origine, le trajet, la terminaison, le territoire et le calibre des principales veines de l'estomac ont été étudiés. L'analyse des résultats permet de confirmer la richesse des anastomoses veineuses de l'estomac qui s'effectuent d'une part, entre deux arcades extrapariétales au niveau de la grande et de la petite courbure, et d'autre part au niveau de communications intrapariétales disposées perpendiculairement à ces deux arcades. Il apparaît que la veine gastro-épiploïque droite ne peut pas toujours assurer le drainage de la totalité de l'estomac. Les facteurs influençants sont discutés. Le risque de stase veineuse dans l'oesophagoplastie gastrique doit toujours être pris en compte.
    Notes: Summary This study was made with the aim of specifying the general architecture of the venous system of the stomach and its mode of drainage under normal conditions, and also of investigating the role of the venous drainage in the origin of disunion, anastomotic fistula and structure after tubular esophagoplasty pedicled on the right gastroepiploic vessels. Sixty stomachs removed from fresh cadavers were studied by injection-corrosion, using colored Altufix P10 as the injection mass. 35 specimens were injected globally via the superior mesenteric v., 15 by the same route but after clamping of the splenic, left gastric and right gastric vv., which corresponds to the technique of gastrolysis performed in esophagoplasty, and 10 were injected simultaneously with media of four different colors via the left gastric, right gastric, superior mesenteric and splenic vv. to define their respective territories. Also studied were the origin, course, termination, territory and caliber of the main gastric veins. Analysis of the results confirmed the richness of the venous anastomoses of the stomach, effected on the one hand between the two extraparietal arches at the greater and lesser curvatures, and on the other by intraperitoneal communications arranged perpendicular to these two arches. It emerges that the right gastroepiploic v. cannot always ensure drainage of the entire stomach. The factors involved are discussed. The risk of venous stasis in gastric esophagoplasty must always be borne in mind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 15 (1993), S. 105-111 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Hepatic artery ; Cystic artery ; Ductus choledocus ; Main biliary tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Ce travail a pour but d'établir une schématisation de la distribution artérielle de la voie biliaire principale supra-duodénale, afin d'en tirer des conséquences pratiques en chirurgie biliaire, notamment lors des anastomoses bilio-digestives, biliobiliaires et des transplantations hépatiques. Il repose sur l'étude de soixante sujets frais et a été effectué selon quatre protocoles différents : dissection après injection de latex coloré, dans l'artère mésentérique supérieure (10 sujets) radiographies et dissections après injection de micropaque dans le tronc coeliaque (10) dissections après injection d'encre de chine dans l'artère hépatique commune (10), radiographies et dissections après injections sélective dans l'artère hépatique droite ou l'artère gastroduodénale (30). L'analyse des résultats permet de définir trois types de vascularisation et deux territoires, supérieur et inférieur, se chevauchant au niveau de l'abouchement du canal cystique. Les applications pratiques en chirurgie biliaire et lors des transplantations hépatiques sont discutées.
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to establish a plan of the arterial distribution to the main supraduodenal biliary tract in order to draw practical conclusions for biliary surgery, especially in bilio-alimentary and biliobiliary anastomoses and liver transplantation. It was based on a study of 60 fresh subjects and was carried out using four different methods: dissection after injection of colored latex into the superior mesenteric a. (10 subjects), radiography and dissection after injection of Micropaque into the celiac trunk (10), dissection after injection of Indian ink into the common hepatic a. (10) and radiography and dissection after selective injection of the right hepatic a. or the gastroduodenal a. (30). Analysis of the results leads to definition of three types of vascularisation and two territories, superior and inferior, overlapping at the level of the mouth of the cystic duct. The practical implications for biliary surgery and liver transplantation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 16 (1994), S. 413-418 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gastrocolic venous trunk ; Superior mesenteric vein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le mode de constitution, les mensurations et la fréquence du tronc veineux gastro-colique ont été étudiés par la technique d'injection-corrosion sur une série de 54 pièces anatomiques et par l'analyse de 50 examens TDM chez des patients indemnes de pathologie hépatique ou pancréatique. Le tronc gastrocolique a été retrouvé 51 fois sur 54 pièces anatomiques et 27 fois sur 50 examens TDM. Sa grande variabilité de constitution, de bipode, à tripode ou quadripode a été notée. Avec un diamètre moyen de 4,9 mm, il débouche sur les faces antérieure, droite ou antéro-gauche de la veine mésentérique supérieure à une distance moyenne de 15 mm au dessous du bord inférieur du confluent spléno-mésentérique. L'intérêt de la tomodensitométrie dans le bilan préopératoire d'une intervention pour hypertension portale ou tumeur du pancréas, ou dans le diagnostic d'une thrombose splénique, est mis en exergue.
    Notes: Summary The mode of formation, measurements and frequency of occurrence of the gastrocolic venous trunk were studied by the injection-corrosion technique in a series of 54 anatomic specimens and by the analysis of 50 CT studies in patients without hepatic or pancreatic disease. The gastrocolic trunk was found in 51 of the 54 anatomic specimens and in 27 of the 50 CT studies. The great variability in its formation, whether bipodal, tripodal or quadripodal, was noted. With a mean diameter of 4.9 mm, it opened into the anterior, right or antero-left aspects of the superior mesenteric v. at a mean distance of 15 mm below the inferior border of the spleno-mesenteric confluence. The value of preliminary CT assessment before an operation for portal hypertension or a pancreatic tumor or in the diagnosis of a splenic thrombosis is emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 18 (1996), S. 281-288 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Linea alba ; Diastasis ; Incisional hernia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La ligne blanche représente la principale voie d'abord en chirurgie abdominale traditionnelle et, par conséquent, le siège le plus fréquent des éventrations abdominales. Le but de ce travail était de réviser sa morphologie et d'étudier ses paramètres mécaniques de résistance, de déformation et d'élasticité, afin de les comparer à ceux des matériaux prothétiques les plus souvent utilisés dans les cures d'éventration. Quarante cadavres frais ont été disséqués, et des tests au dynamomètre et à l'éclatomètre ont été pratiqués sur des échantillons prélevés dans la ligne blanche à trois niveaux: supra-ombilical, infra-ombilical et au niveau de l'ombilic. Quarante scanners abdomino-pelviens ont été analysés. Les résultats morphologiques permettent de définir le diastasis des muscles droits en fonction de l'âge des sujets : en-dessous de 45 ans sera considéré diastatique un écart entre les deux muscles droits supérieur à 10 mm en supra-ombilical, 27 mm au niveau de l'anneau ombilical et 9 mm en infra-ombilical; au-delà de 45 ans les valeurs seront de 15 mm, 27 mm et 14 mm respectivement. Quant à l'étude bio-mécanique, la région infraombilicale présente un coefficient d'élasticité supérieur à celui de la portion supra-ombilicale, mais aucune différence significative de résistance n'a été retrouvée entre les différentes portions étudiées. Les résultats bio-mécaniques sont comparés aux données correspondantes aux matériaux prothétiques.
    Notes: Summary Traditionally, the linea alba represents the principal route of approach in abdominal surgery and in consequence it is the commonest site of incisional hernia. The aim of this study was to review its morphology and to study its mechanical parameters of resistance, deformation and elasticity in order to compare these with the prosthetic materials most often used in the treatment of incisional hernia. Forty fresh cadavers were dissected and tests with a dynamometer and “bursting strength tester” were performed on samples taken from the linea alba at three leveels: supra-umbilical, subumbilical and umbilical. Forty abdomino-pelvic scans were analysed. The morphologic results allowed definition of diastasis of the rectus mm. in terms of subject age: below 45 years of age diastasis was considered as a separation of the two rectus mm. exceeding 10 mm above the umbilicus, 27 mm at the umbilical ring and 9 mm below the umbilicus; above 45 years of age the corresponding values were 15 mm, 27 mm and 14 mm respectively. In the biomechanical study the subumbilical region exhibited a coefficient of elasticity greater than that of the supra-umbilical portion, but no significant difference in resistance was found between the different parts studied. The biomechanical results are compared with the corresponding data for prosthetic materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 119 (1994), S. 597-603 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In order to acquire more in-depth information on the site(s) of hemopoiesis in marine animals, we successfully cultured pharyngeal explants of the tunicate Styela clava over a period of 82 d. Transmission electron microscopy of resident hemocytes within explants revealed changes in hemocyte composition. Hemoblast-like cells increased shortly after commencement of the cultures (8.1% at Day 0 increasing to a maximum of 28.7% at Day 7). Autoradiography using 3H-thymidine incorporation confirmed that hemocyte proliferation in pharyngeal explants still continued after 37 d culture. During culture, the migration of many free cells into the medium resulted in sparse, residential hemocytes in the pharyngeal explants. Hemocyte migration increased by up to 4.3x105 cells/explant (max.) at 17 to 24 d, but finally decreased to 4.9x104 cells/explant at 75 to 82 d. Vital neutral-red staining revealed that many emerging cells were not hemocytes such as those found in the normal hemolymph. The continued development of in vitro approaches will strengthen analyses of immune-defense responses in tunicates which, as protochordates, are the immediate invertebrate ancestors of vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation (relative to ambient) on marine trophic levels inhabiting a stratified coastal ecosystem, using living models (13 000 liter marine enclosures) of a temperate estuarine water column. The experiment was carried out in June and July 1994 on a plankton community drawn from lower Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA. The effects of altered UV-B radiation (elevated 50% over ambient, tenfold DNA-weighted) on three trophic strata: the primary producers (photosynthetic algae), primary herbivores (copepods), and fish eggs and larvae (Anchoa mitchilli Cuvier and Valenciennes) were examined. The goal was to determine if UV-B–induced alterations at the base of the food chain had impacts on other elements of the trophic web. Phytoplankton abundance (P=0.02) and biomass (P=0.007) were significantly reduced in UV-B–enhanced treatments, above but not below the thermocline (2.25 m), during the second week of the study. Copepod nauplii were significantly less abundant in UV-B–enhanced mesocosms than in control treatments during the third and fourth weeks of the study (P=0.01). A portion of the impact on nauplii may be a result of alterations at the base of the food web. The greater mortality of nauplii in UV-B–enhanced systems did not translate to reduced abundance of copepodite (P=0.83) or adult (P=0.29) copepods. No significant effects were observed for microzooplankton (P=0.15). Neither the mortality rates nor the growth rates of larval anchovy were significantly affected by the experimental increase in UV-B (P〉0.05). Despite the tenfold increase in biologically damaging UV-B, effects were not seen at higher trophic levels, most likely because of the rapid extinction of UV-B in the highly colored coastal water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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