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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sjoegren's syndrome: MR imaging of the parotid gland (1996)
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 46-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To date, myoepithelial sialoadenitis (Sjoegren's syndrome) has been diagnosed with sialography and other techniques. First results of MR imaging offer new possibilities in the diagnostic imaging of this Thirty-six pat nts with immunohistologically and serologically confirmed Sjoegren s syndrome and 25 patients suffering from other diseases, included as a control group, were examined by MR in transverse and coronal orientation T-2 weighted sequneces (TR/TE- 1600/25/90) and T- weighted sequences (TR/TE 500/25 msplainand after (Gd-DTPA administration were obtained. In all patients the parotid gland showed characteristics internal paterns and abnormalities in gland size. There was a 21 nonhomogeneous internal pattern wit a characteristicsc speckled, honeycomb-like appearance visible especially on T2-weighted sequences. Enhancement with Gd-DTPA yielded no additional information. A staging system with four stages of Sjoegren's syndrome (no characteristics changes to a nodular and swollen gland) was developed. Magnetic resonance has become an important new tool in assessing parotid gland changes in patients suffering from Sjoegren's syndrome, and could well replace the more invasive and unpleasant diagnostic methods in the near future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00619951
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Klinische Differentialdiagnostik von Erkrankungen der Mundhöhle und des Oropharynx (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mundhöhle ; Oropharynx ; Entzündungen ; Tumoren ; Diagnostik ; Therapie ; Key words Oral cavity ; Oropharynx ; Inflammation ; Tumors ; Diagnostic management ; Therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In the present paper, common disorders of the oral cavity and oropharynx are described with special emphasis on differential diagnostic aspects. The first part of this presentation covers different inflammatory diseases, mainly focusing on complications like peritonsillar, para- and retropharyngeal abscesses, and Ludwig's angina. These clinical entities can lead to further life-threatening complications, including deep neck infections and mediastinitis. The diagnostic value and necessity of modern imaging in these cases are emphasized. In the second part, the author reports on the incidence, etiology and clinical course of tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx with special regard to malignancies. Tumors in these areas have been increasing in number over the past decades mainly due to changes in alcohol and nicotine consumption in the developed countries. Diagnostic management includes a thorough clinical evaluation as well as modern imaging for tumor delineation and possible bone infiltration, depending on the site of the original tumor. In addition, therapeutic considerations are discussed, focusing on surgical tumor removal and soft tissue replacement using different pedicled flaps and free flaps. It is also emphasized that postoperative radiotherapy is mandatory in most malignant tumors in this area.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden verschiedene klinisch relevante Krankheitsbilder in Mundhöhle und Oropharynx unter differentialdiagnostischen Aspekten vorgestellt. Um die Thematik übersichtlich zu gestalten, wird auf eine Besprechung von Erkrankungen dieser Region verzichtet, die selten sind oder den Hals-Nasen-Ohrenarzt nicht betreffen. Im einzelnen wird zunächst die Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie von Entzündungen angesprochen. In diesem Zusammenhang werden v. a. Komplikationen wie z. B. Para-, Retropharyngealabszeß, Mundbodenabszeß und Zungengrundabszeß vorgestellt, weil diese Krankheitsbilder u. U. zu weiterreichenden Komplikationen führen können und den bildgebenden Verfahren dann eine Schlüsselstellung in der Diagnostik zukommt. Im 2. Abschnitt erfolgt eine Darstellung der malignen Tumoren von Mundhöhle und Oropharynx. Diese Erkrankungen haben in den vergangenen Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Ätiologische, diagnostische und therapeutische Aspekte werden erläutert, wobei die Fragestellungen für bildgebende Verfahren in den einzelnen Regionen formuliert werden. Außerdem wird in diesem Zusammenhang auch auf die operativen Möglichkeiten, insbesondere die Weichteildeckung größerer Gewebedefekte, eingegangen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050058
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computertomographie von Malignomen des Cavum oris, des Oro- und Hypopharynx und deren Ausbreitungswege (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter CT ; Malignome ; Mundhöhle ; Oropharynx ; Hypopharynx ; Staging ; Key words CT ; Malignancy ; Oral cavity ; Oropharynx and hypopharynx ; Staging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Carcinomas of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx represent 5 % of all malignant neoplasms. The vast majority, over 90 %, are squamous cell carcinomas; less common are lymphomas and tumors of the minor salivary glands. In general, the clinical findings already suggest the presence of a tumor. Therefore, the role of imaging is precise tumor localisation and staging of the malignancy. CT is still the gold standard, although MRI is gaining more importance. We present the CT apperance of most frequent malignancies of the oral cavity, oro- and hypopharynx, discussing briefly the pertinent anatomy.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Tumoren von Mundhöhle, Oro- und Hypopharynx stellen 5 % aller Malignome dar. Epitheliale Tumore sind dabei in der Überzahl, Lymphome und Tumoren der Speicheldrüse eher selten. Aufgrund der Symptomatik und der klinischen Untersuchung ist die Tumorerkrankung im Regelfall schon bekannt. Die wichtigste Aufgabe der bildgebenden Verfahren besteht deshalb darin, eine exakte Tumorlokalisation und ein möglichst genaues Staging zu erreichen. Die CT ist dabei immer noch das Verfahren der ersten Wahl, wenn auch die MRT zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die zum Verständnis der Bildinterpretation wichtigen anatomischen Strukturen von Cavum oris, Oro- und Hypopharynx werden vorgestellt, die standardisierten CT Untersuchungsverfahren erläutert und die wichtigsten Pathologien vorgestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050060
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wertigkeit der fettsignalunterdrückenden MRT-Pulssequenzen für die Diagnostik maligner Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich (1996)
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 36 (1996), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter MRT ; Fettunterdrückung ; Kopf- Hals-Tumoren ; Malignome ; Key words MRI ; Fat suppression ; Head tumors ; Neck tumors ; Malignancies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: Evaluation of frequency-selective fat saturation (FS) and short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) fat suppression (FU) in MRI of patients with malignant head and neck tumors. Methods: Forty-five patients with biopsy-proven carcinomas of the extracranial head and neck were examined with MRI at 1.0 T. A T 2-weighted TSE sequence with and without STIR-FU and a T 1-weighted SE sequence with and without FS were compared in axial slices. Results: STIR-FU was successful in all and FS in 85–88 % of the head examinations (nasopharynx, sinuses, oropharynx, and oral cavity) and 33–46 % of the neck examinations (hypopharynx and larynx). When visualization and delineation of tumors were ranked on a four-point scale (0–3), respective mean values for images with/without FU or FS were 2.6/1.9 for T 2-TSE in all examinations, 2.2/1.7 (nasopharynx and sinuses) and 1.3/1.4–1.6 (oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, and larynx) for T 1-SE without contrast media administration (CM) and 2.3/2.1 (nasopharynx and sinuses) and 2.4–2.5/1.9–2.0 (oropharynx, oral cavity, hypopharynx, and larynx) with CM. Conclusions: STIR-T 2-TSE was a technically reliable pathfinder for localization and extension of both tumors and lymph nodes. FS-T 1-SE was technically unreliable in examinations of the hypopharynx and larynx. With CM, FS-T 1-SE was most useful for MRI of carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx. In the nasopharynx and sinuses, T 1-SE with CM and FS-T 1-SE with or without CM were equal for tu- mor visualization and delineation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Von den verschiedenen Techniken der Fettsignalunterdrückung finden bei der MRT des Kopf-Hals-Bereichs v. a. die STIR-Fettunterdrückung und die frequenzselektive Fettsignalsättigung Anwendung. In eigenen MRT-Untersuchungen bei 1,0 T an 45 Patienten mit malignen Tumoren der extrakraniellen Kopf-Hals-Region führte die technisch einfachere STIR-Methode bei T 2-gewichteten Turbospinecho-(TSE-) Aufnahmen zu einer Verbesserung der Tumorerkrankung und -abgrenzung von 37–44 % in Abhängigkeit von der Tumorlokalisation. Die aufwendigere frequenzselektive Fettsignalsättigung war bei Kopfuntersuchungen technisch deutlich erfolgreicher als bei Halsuntersuchungen (85–88 % bzw. 33–46 %). Bei kontrastverstärkten T 1-gewichteten Spinecho-(SE-) Sequenzen verbesserte die frequenzselektive Fettsignalsättigung die Tumorerkennung und -abgrenzung im Oropharynx, in der Mundhöhle, im Hypopharynx und im Larynx um 25 %. Im Nasopharynx und in den Nasenhaupt- und -nebenhöhlen waren die kontrastverstärkten T 1-SE-Sequenzen mit und ohne Fettsättigung der nativen, fettgesättigten T 1-SE-Sequenz gleichwertig. STIR-T 2-TSE-Aufnahmen eignen sich v. a. zur Lokalisation von Tumoren und Lymphknoten, während frequenzselektiv fettsignalgesättigte T 1-SE-Sequenzen mit Kontrastverstärkung v. a. im Oropharynx und in der Mundhöhle vorteilhaft sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001170050061
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological variability of smooth muscle cells in human nasal swell bodies (1996)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 253 (1996), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal swell bodies ; Morphology ; Smooth muscle cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The complex functional behavior of nasal swell bodies is still not completely understood. In the present study the histology of the vessels involved in the swelling mechanism is examined and the ultrastructural appearances described of the different types of smooth muscle cells located in the vascular wall of swell bodies in the human inferior turbinate. Even though the majority of smooth muscle cells of the nasal swell bodies showed a normal, elongated appearance comparable to other smooth muscle cells elsewhere in the body, a variety of cells with atypical shapes could be detected that have not been described previously in vessels of the nasal mucosa. The diameters of the smooth muscle cells in general were strikingly variable. The individual smooth muscle cells were surrounded by a basal lamina that was occasionally disrupted or doubled. Myoblasts were separated by a connective tissue space containing collagen fibrils, mature elastin fibers and bundles of microfibrils. The latter two types of fibers and fibrils occurred mainly in the outer parts of the muscular coat. The endowment of cytoplasmic components was similar in all smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall in the swell bodies. These findings indicate that the specific feature of smooth musculature presumably resides in the unusual morphological variability of the single cells present, as well as in the striking heterogeneity of the arrangement of bundles of these cells in the vascular wall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00615112
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopic studies of the nasal blood vessels (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1988), S. 363-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Nasal mucosa ; Blood vessels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Current histological and transmission electron microscopic techniques are insufficient for studying all different aspects of vascular morphology. As a result, we have used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine nasal blood vessels. In our present studies the nasal septa of 15 rabbits were fixed by vascular perfusion, dried by the critical point method and coated with gold for SEM studies. Lower magnifications of specimens using this method show the tissue arrangement in the nasal septum. In higher magnifications the different vessels can be distinguished by their morphological features. The course of the vascular structures can be obverved as well as the junctions between the different vessels. Our results indicate that different morphological techniques must be combined to understand the endonasal vasculature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00497466
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fenestrated endothelia in vessels of the nasal mucosa (1987)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 244 (1987), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Nasal mucosa ; Capillaries ; Veins ; Fenestrated endothelium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the vessels in the normal respiratory and olfactory mucosa of the nasal septum was studied in 15 adult rabbits. Capillaries with continuous and fenestrated endothelia could be observed in both tissues. In the respiratory part, many of the fenestrated capillaries were located subepithelially with their fenestrations facing the adjacent epithelium. Fenestrated capillaries of the olfactory mucosa were found mainly in the deeper parts of the tunica propria and usually revealed only a small number of fenestrations in their endothelial lining. It was also demonstrated that muscularized veins sometimes displayed fenestrated areas in their attenuated endothelia. These results are discussed and compared with the appropriate literature. Our results confirm that there is a link between the morphological peculiarities of the vascular wall and the functional behaviour of the nasal mucosa. These findings also emphasize that endothelial fenestrations seem to be characteristic for a certain segment of the microcirculatory system rather than for a distinct type of capillary vessel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00453492
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