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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 40 (1999), S. 5593-5640 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Notizen: For the description of space–time fermions, Dirac–Kähler fields (inhomogeneous differential forms) provide an interesting alternative to the Dirac spinor fields. In this paper we develop a similar concept within the symplectic geometry of phase spaces. Rather than on space–time, symplectic Dirac–Kähler fields can be defined on the classical phase space of any Hamiltonian system. They are equivalent to an infinite family of metaplectic spinor fields, i.e., spinors of Sp(2N), in the same way an ordinary Dirac–Kähler field is equivalent to a (finite) multiplet of Dirac spinors. The results are interpreted in the framework of the gauge theory formulation of quantum mechanics which was proposed recently. An intriguing analogy is found between the lattice fermion problem (species doubling) and the problem of quantization in general. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2317-2319 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Strained layers generally relax by dislocation glide. Here, using UHV-TEM, we study growth of Ge islands on Si(001) at (approximately-less-than)350 °C. We find that, although conventional relaxation (i.e., via glide of 60° dislocations) is suppressed, the islands grow relaxed from the outset, by direct incorporation of sessile 90° dislocations into the edge of the growing island. Paradoxically, the low-temperature islands are more fully relaxed than those grown at higher temperature. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology reviews 17 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6976
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract: Studies on phage T3 and T7 have shown that these viruses avoid restriction not only by the phage-coded Ocr (and S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase) protein functions or by the complete loss of specific recognition sites for certain restriction endonucleases from their genomes, but also that there are two additional modes: resistance towards EcoP15 (which recognizes a non-symmetrical sequence) is achieved by an identical orientation of all the recognition sites in the virus genome (strand bias) and in the case of EcoRII by the extreme reduction in number and thereby greater distance between recognition sites in the genome. These observations led to the discovery that certain restriction endonucleases require the simultaneous cooperation with two DNA sites for their function, as well as to the ongoing elucidation of the molecular modes of action of these enzymes. Type II and type III enzymes display fundamentally different mechanisms of protein—DNA interaction. For EcoRII we favor a model of simultaneous binding of two DNA sites to a dimeric enzyme molecule (neighbouring sites of the same, looping, DNA molecule or sites located on different DNA molecules), while the action of EcoP15 seems to conform with a tracking-collision model of two enzyme molecules bound to inversely oriented recognition sites. In addition to podoviruses T3 and T7, strand bias of recognition sequences for different type III DNA modification—restriction enzymes is also observed in the inoviruses M13, IKE, and PF3.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-6274
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Distale Radiusfrakturen ; Multizentrische prospektive Studie ; Differenzierte Behandlungsindikation ; Key words Distal radial fractures ; Clinical trial ; Primary treatment results
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: During a prospective clinical trial with 17 German clinics participating, we examined the indications and treatment methods of 646 distal radial fractures. Criteria for assessment of primary treatment results were collected and integrated in a clinical score.
    Notizen: Im Rahmen einer multizentrischen, prospektiven, klinischen Studie aus 17 deutschen Kliniken wurde bei 646 dokumentierten distalen Radiusfrakturen des Erwachsenen eine dem Frakturtyp entsprechende Behandlungsindikation bzw. ein passendes Therapieverfahren gewählt. Der Erfolg der primären Behandlung wurde ausgewertet, indem ein praxisbezogener Score erstellt wurde.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. S115 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European radiology 6 (1996), S. 707-716 
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Thorax, injuries ; lung, injuries ; aorta, rupture ; thorax, radiography ; thorax, CT
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Trauma to the chest may cause a wide range of injuries including fractures of the thoracic skeleton, contusion or laceration of pulmonary parenchyma, damage to the tracheobronchial tree, diaphragmatic rupture or cardiac contusion. Conditions affecting primarily extrathoracic sites may have indirect effects on the lungs causing adult respiratory distress syndrome or fat embolism. Laceration of the aorta is the typical and likewise most life threatening complication of massive blunt chest trauma necessitating immediate diagnosis and repair. Conventional radiography rather than cross-sectional imaging is the mainstay in diagnosing thoracic trauma. During the critical phase with often concomitant shock, pelvic and spinal injuries tailored radiographic views or even upright chest radiographs are impractical. The severely traumatized patient is usually radiographed in the supine position and suboptimal roentgenograms may have to be accepted for several reasons. It is well documented that many abnormalities detected on CT were not apparent on conventional radiographs, but CT is reserved for hemodynamical stable patients. Nevertheless certain situations like aortic rupture require further evaluation by CT and aortography. The value of conventional radiography, CT, MRI and aortography in chest trauma is reviewed and typical radiographic findings are presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 91 (1989), S. 123-131 
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The development of immunoreactivity (IR)_in the nervous system of asexually reproducing Microstomum lineare has been studied by a combination of simultaneous and double immunostaining with antisera to 5-HT and RF-amide, as well as with monoclonal antibodies to SCPB (molluscan small cardiactive peptide). Immunoreactivity appears in a distinct sequential order. 5-HT antigenicity in the postpharyngeal commissure indicates the initiation of the development of a new zooid. The development of a new brain and pharyngeal plexus always starts in connection to the parental nerve cords. Significantly different developmental patterns are observed for the IR to 5-HT and RF-amide, whereas IR to SCPB has the same localization as that to RF-amide, but appears both weaker and later during the development. Influences of the immunoreactive substances on the asexual reproduction and the feeding behaviour are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Spectroscopy ; Fasting period ; Liver ; Phosphorus-31-MR ; Phosphorus metabolism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different fasting periods on the in vivo P-31-MR spectroscopy of the healthy liver and patients with liver metastases. Image-guided localized P-31-MRS was performed in 24 patients with liver metastases and in 20 healthy volunteers. The spectra were obtained with a whole body scanner operating at 1.5 T using a surface coil. The P-31-MRS was performed after a fasting period of 3–5 h (group 1) and after overnight fasting (group 2). The PME/β-NTP, PDE/β-NTP and Pi/β-NTP were calculated from P-31-MR spectra and were compared in relation to the nutrition status of the volunteers and patients. The PME/β-NTP and PDE/β-NTP were significantly increased in spectra of patients with metastases. There were no significant changes in the ratios of phosphorus metabolites in healthy liver tissue or in liver metastases after a fasting period of 3–5 h as compared with overnight fasting.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 566-571 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Key words MR angiography • Iliofemoral artery system • Artheiosclerosis • Contrast media ; Schlüsselwörter MR-Angiographie • Beckenstrombahn • Kontrastmittel • Arteriosklerose
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Während der letzten Jahre ist die Magnetresonanzangiographie (MRA) zu einer wertvollen klinischen Methode in der Diagnostik von krankhaften Prozessen der supraaortalen und der intrazerebralen Arterien geworden. Aufgrund technischer Limitationen wird sie jedoch im Körperstamm und insbesondere im Beckenbereich eher selten eingesetzt. Neue Entwicklungen wie die Einführung getriggerter Sequenzen oder der kontrastmittelunterstützten Verfahren machen jedoch eine Neubewertung des Verfahrens notwendig. Eine zunehmende Verbreitung des Verfahrens erscheint im Bereich der Beckenetage gerechtfertigt. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt verschiedene Ansätze in der MRA vor, insbesondere werden Studien mit den Methoden der 2D-Phasenkontrast-MRA, der 2D-Time-of-flight-MRA und der kontrastmittelunterstützten MRA beschrieben. Die 2D-PC-MRA ist ein robustes Verfahren, welches einen Überblick über die Beckengefäße mit einer Untersuchungszeit von weniger als 10 min liefert. Limitationen sind hier die Zweidimensionalität des Verfahrens. Die 2D-TOF-MRA hat den Nachteil eines höheren Zeitaufwandes von 15–20 min, bietet jedoch den Vorteil der dreidimensionalen Rekonstruktion und der besseren venösen Absättigung. Die kontrastmittelverstärkte MRA ermöglicht hochaufgelöste Bilder mit Aufnahmezeiten von 25–90 s, abhängig von der gewählten Sequenz. Aufgrund der Erfahrungen in unserer Klinik empfehlen wir eine Kombination aus 2D-PC-MRA und 2D-TOF-MRA für die Diagnostik der Beckengefäße. In naher Zukunft könnte jedoch die kontrastmittelunterstützte MRA die Methode der Wahl sein.
    Notizen: Summary During the last years, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has become a widely used modality for intracerebral and carotid artery imaging. Due to technical limitations, the clinical impact of MRA in the iliofemoral arteries has been rather poor. New developments in MRA like ECG-triggered sequences and the occurrence of contrast-enhanced MRA has overcome most of these limitations. Therefore, a major advance in clinical use of these diagnostic tools can be predicted. This paper discussed the advantages of ECG-gated 2D-Phase contrast, ECG-gated 2D-Time-of-Flight and contrast enhanced FLASH 3D angiography sequences from a clinical point of view. 2D-PC-MRA is a robust technique, which provides an overview of the iliofemoral artery system in less than 5 minutes. Limitations are the true 2D impression of the sequence and the partial venous overlay. 2D-TOF-MRA on the other hand is time consuming, however it enables 3D reconstruction and effective venous suppression can be applied. Contrast enhanced MRA as the third sequence discussed provides high resolution images in less than 30 sec. However contrast bolus timing might be a problem. In conclusion the authors suggest a combination of 2D-PC-MRA and additional 2D-TOF sequences at questionable vacular areas as the modality of choice, due to the fact, that MRA of the iliofemoral arteries ist mostly only one step of a complete lower limb examination. Contrast MRA might become the method of choice in the future however problems with multiple contrast injections and upper limits of contrast dose have to be solved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Ovary ; Neoplasms ; Pelvis ; MR ; US
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The aim of our work was to study the specificity of MRI in comparison with transvaginal US for differentiation of malignant from benign adnexal lesions. A total of 67 patients with clinically suspicious adnexal lesions were evaluated by MRI. Transaxial and coronal images were acquired using T1-weighted sequences before and following IV contrast and T2-weighted sequences. In all patients transvaginal ultrasound examinations (TVUS) were performed. For both imaging modalities each lesion was classified separately as either benign or malignant according to previously published criteria. Pathologic findings were available in 65 cases. Both MRI and TVUS correctly classified the 12 malignant lesions (sensitivity 100 %). Specificity (MRI: 78.2 %, TVUS: 65.5 %) and accuracy (MRI: 82 %, TVUS: 71.6 %) were higher with MRI than with TVUS, but differences were statistically not significant (p = 0.18 and p = 0.20, chi-square test). There was agreement/disagreement between findings of MRI and US in 52/15 lesions. The macroscopic criteria for malignancy are unspecific and result in a limitation of the specificity of both MRI and TVUS. The MRI technique is a valuable adjunct to TVUS by enabling further clarification of adnexal tumors with equivocal complex or solid vaginal sonographic findings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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