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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 8 (1978), S. 644-651 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mice exhibiting a spontaneous SLE-like lethal autoimmunity (female NZB/W hybrids) were given monthy doses of cyclophosphamide (CPA) 240 mg/kg p.o. starting at four months of age. Antibodies to DNA and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were measured as well as general well being of the mice. The CPA-treated group demonstrated a marked increased in survival compared to the untreated controls with reduction of anti-DNA antibody levels but only a slight inhibition of the anamnestic response to SRBC immunization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Hippocampus ; Ischemia ; Glial glutamate transporter ; In situ hybridization ; Immunoblotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Perturbations of the synaptic handling of glutamate have been implicated in the pathogenesis of brain damage after transient ischemia. Notably, the ischemic episode is associated with an increased extracellular level of glutamate and an impaired metabolism of this amino acid in glial cells. Glutamate uptake is reduced during ischemia due to breakdown of the electrochemical ion gradients across neuronal and glial membranes. We have investigated, in the rat hippocampus, whether an ischemic event additionally causes a reduced expression of the glial glutamate transporter GLT1 (Pines et al. 1992) in the postischemic phase. Quantitative immunoblotting, using antibodies recognizing GLT1, revealed a 20% decrease in the hippocampal contents of the transporter protein, 6 h after an ischemic period lasting 20 min induced by four vessel occlusion. In situ hybridization histochemistry with 35S labelled oligonucleotide probes or digoxigenin labelled riboprobes directed to GLT1 mRNA showed a decreased signal in the hippocampus, particularly in CA1. This reduction was more pronounced at 3 h than at 24 h after the ischemic event. We conclude that the levels of GLT1 mRNA and protein show a modest decrease in the postischemic phase. This could contribute to the delayed neuronal death typically seen in the hippocampal formation after transient ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 7 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Membrane-localized transporter proteins, expressed in both neurons and glial cells, are responsible for removal of extracellular glutamate in the mammalian CNS. The amounts and activities of these transporters may be under regulatory control. We demonstrate here that cortical lesions, which decrease striatal glutamate uptake in synaptosome-containing homogenates by ∼50%, also decrease the striatal concentrations of the astrocytic glutamate transporter proteins, GLT-1 and GLAST by ∼20–30%. Since GABA uptake activity was not decreased and glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased in the same samples, the lesion-induced losses of GLT-1 and GLAST were not caused by a general impairment of neuronal or glial function. The observed reduction in the two astrocytic glutamate transporters after corticostriatal nerve terminal degeneration indicates that their levels of expression are dependent on glutamatergic innervation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 4161-4166 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have designed and constructed a torsional oscillator magnetometer for use in magnetic fields up to 25 T. The anisotropic component of the magnetization is detected by measuring the shift in the resonant frequency of the oscillator, which is fabricated from a single-crystal silicon wafer using micromachining techniques. The frequencies for the oscillators described here are between 100 Hz and 1 kHz and can be measured with a resolution of order 1 part in 108 in a 10 s averaging time, allowing for the detection of magnetic moments of 2×10−11 J/T at 1 T. Our oscillators are optimized for experiments on GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures, but the method is suitable for any sample with an anisotropic susceptibility. We have applied the technique to two systems, a quasi-one-dimensional spin chain and a two-dimensional electron gas. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 86 (1979), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method for recording the fetal electroencephalogram (EEG) during labour is described. Technical specifications for the construction of a suitable electrode are detailed. One hundred and twenty-three patients in labour were monitored using this technique and the success rate of obtaining records for analysis was 91 per cent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 71.27.+a Strongly correlated electron systems; heavy fermions - 75.40.Mg Numerical simulation studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Specific heat (CV) measurements in the spin-1/2 Cu2(C2H12N2)2Cl4 system under a magnetic field up to H =8.25 T are reported and compared to the results of numerical calculations based on the 2-leg antiferromagnetic Heisenberg ladder. While the temperature dependences of both the susceptibility and the low-field specific heat are accurately reproduced by this model, deviations are observed above the critical field HC1 at which the spin gap closes. In this Quantum High Field phase, the contribution of the low-energy quantum fluctuations are stronger than in the Heisenberg ladder model. We argue that this enhancement can be attributed to dynamical lattice fluctuations. Finally, we show that such a Heisenberg ladder, for H 〉 H C1, is unstable, when coupled to the 3D lattice, against a lattice distortion. These results provide an alternative explanation for the observed low temperature ( K-0.8 K) phase (previously interpreted as a 3D magnetic ordering) as a new type of incommensurate gapped state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: chemotherapy ; drugs ; generics ; prioritization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The WHO has previously produced recommendations on the essential drugs required for cancer therapy. Over the last five years several new anti cancer drugs have been aggressively marketed. Most of these are costly and produce only limited benefits. We have divided currently available anti-cancer drugs into three priority groups. Curable cancers and those cancers where the cost-benefit ratio clearly favours drug treatment can be managed appropriately with regimens based on only 17 drugs. All of these are available, at relatively low cost, as generic preparations. The wide availability of these drugs should be the first priority. The second group of drugs may have some advantages in certain clinical situations. Based on current evidence, drugs in the third group are judged as currently not essential for the effective delivery of cancer care. Adequate supportive care programmes with the widespread availability of effective drugs for pain control are of considerably greater importance. The adoption of these priorities will help to optimise the effectiveness and efficiency of chemotherapy and ensure equitable access to essential drugs especially in low resource environments. Clearly this paper represents the views of its contributors. The WHO welcomes feedback from all oncologists so that the advice it gives to governments in prioritising the procurement of anti cancer drugs can be as comprehensive as possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 23 (1978), S. 8-13 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Im Jahre 1974 wurde in Grossbritannien ein Gesetz über Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitssicherheit eingeführt, das das Problem neu angeht und die Organisation der Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitssicherheit in diesem Land auf lange Sicht in starkem Masse beeinflussen wird. Der Zweck dieser Arbeit ist es, die diesem Gesetz zugrundeliegenden Prinzipien darzustellen, auf die Auswirkungen des neuen Gesetzes auf Arbeitgeber, Betriebsleiter, Arbeitnehmer und ihre Organisationen hinzuweisen, und die Entwicklung zu besprechen, die seit 1974 im Rahmen der Organisation der Arbeitsmedizin und Arbeitssicherheit als Resultat der neuen Gesetzgebung zu verzeichnen sind.
    Abstract: Résumé L'introduction en 1974 du «Britain's Health and Safety at Work Act» a marqué dans les conceptions et l'approche de l'hygiène et de la sécurité professionnelles un changement qui aura à long terme des effets importants sur l'organisation de ces disciplines. Le propos de ce travail est de souligner les principes généraux de cette approche, contenus dans l'Acte de 1974, de montrer les implications de ce nouvel Acte sur les organisations d'employeurs, de chefs d'entreprises, d'employés et de représentants de l'administration, de discuter les développements dans l'organisation de l'hygiène et la sécurité du travail qui en résultent.
    Notes: Summary Britain's Health and Safety at Work Act introduced in 1974 marked a change in approach to occupational health and safety which is having important long-term effects on the organization of occupational health and safety in Britain. The purpose of this paper is to outline the broad principles of approach to health and safety at work contained within the 1974 Act; highlight the implications of the new Act for employers, managers, employees, and representative organizations, and discuss the developments in the organization of occupational health and safety as a result of the 1974 Act.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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