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Notes: An endocrine assessment was made in 78 post-menopausal women.The urinary excretion of oestriol was greater than 10 μg. per 24 hours in 14 out of 31 cases with malignant ovarian tumours, in 2 out of 24 cases with benign ovarian tumours, and in 6 out of 23 cases without ovarian tumours. Although the urinary oestriol excretion was increased in all 8 cases with mucinous carcinoma it was raised in only 4 out of 18 cases with serous carcinoma. Some of the greatest amounts of urinary oestriol were found in cases without ovarian tumours.The urinary excretion of pregnanediol was increased in 6 out of 18 cases. These six patients also had increased oestriol excretion.The excretion of steroids was normal after oöphorectomy.Tests of adrenal cortical activity and ovarian vein blood analysis also point to the diseased ovary as the site of increased steroid synthesis.The correlation of increased urinary oestriol with vaginal cornification index was fair, but with vaginal bleeding and endometrial activity was poor.

Notes: Information about and histological preparations from 728 patients treated between 1955 and 1965 for dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or microcarcinoma (microinvasive carcinoma) were submitted to the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynae-cologists. The results of treatment were analyzed as well as discrepancies between the diagnosis made by the original hospital pathologist and a panel of pathologists.

Notes: The LBNL third generation electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source has progressed from a concept to the fabrication of a full scale prototype superconducting magnet structure. This new ECR ion source will combine the recent ECR ion source techniques that significantly enhance the production of high charge state ions. The design includes a plasma chamber made from aluminum to provide additional cold electrons, three separate microwave feeds to allow multiple-frequency plasma heating (at 10, 14, and 18 GHz or at 6, 10, and 14 GHz) and very high magnetic mirror fields. The design calls for mirror fields of 4 T at injection and 3 T at extraction and for a radial field strength at the wall of 2.4 T. The prototype superconducting magnet structure which consists of three solenoid coils and six race track coils with iron poles forming the sextupole has been tested in a vertical Dewar. After training, the sextupole magnet reached 105% of its design current with the solenoids off. With the solenoids operating at approximately 70% of their full design field, the sextupole coils operated at 95% of the design value which corresponds to a sextupole field strength at the plasma wall of more than 2.1 T. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: This paper presents a design for a Fabry–Perot optical frequency reference resonator which utilizes the high dimensional stability of cryogenically cooled sapphire. We show that cryogenic sapphire cavities can achieve substantial improvements in frequency stability compared with room-temperature cavities. The design of a laser stabilization system based on such a resonator is discussed. Estimates of fundamental and practical limitations on the frequency stability of such a system suggest that a fractional frequency stability of 10−16 over integration times from 10 to 104 s is possible. The fundamental limits to stability from quantum shot noise, radiation pressure fluctuations, and thermal noise are overwhelmed by practical limits which arise due to mechanical, thermal, and optical effects. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.

Notes: Atypical pigment was observed in pre-flexion, flexion and post-flexion larval Sebastes collected off central California in 1991 and 1992 that otherwise resembled Sebastes jordani. Atypical pigment occurred on the axillary region at the base of the pectoral fin (most prominent on the inner edge of the pectoral fin base adjacent to the gut), on the median and distal regions of the pectoral fin and on the median and distal regions of the pelvic fin. In addition, lower and upper jaw pigment was observed at a much smaller size in these specimens than previously described in the literature. Identifications of these atypical specimens as S. jordani were confirmed using meristic and otolith characters as well as mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The ontogenetic variability of S. jordani is described. Specimens collected north of Point Conception were more pigmented than larval S. jordani described in the literature (collected predominately south of Point Conception), suggesting geographic variation in pigment development during the larval stage.

Notes: Four articles have been published in this Journal about the historic cattle trial, Pickett v Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc., in which Plaintiff cattlemen alleged that Tyson/IBP--the buyer--used captive (contracted) supplies of cattle to manipulate the cash market in violation of the 1921 Packers & Stockyards Act (PSA). The first article gave a Trial's eye view by David Domina who served as co-lead counsel representing Plaintiff cattlemen. Domina's article led to a published comment by Thomas Green who was the lead attorney representing Tyson during the Trial phase of lengthy legal proceedings. Green alleged that Domina's article was "littered with rank speculation and baseless opinion." Domina countered that "proof is not litter, and evidence is not rank speculation" and that Green's commentary was "abusive." The adversarial exchange between Domina and Green was followed by another advocacy article in which William Rosales maintained that Pickett "represents an opportunity for the judiciary to reform the meatpacking industry (and) awaken the (PSA's) intended power to dethrone the economic kings of the meatpacking industry."After a five week Trial in Federal Court, the Jury found Tyson/IBP guilty on all counts and assessed actual damages of $1.28 billion over 2/1994 -10/2002. Justice for Plaintiff cattlemen was short, as the Trial Judge set aside the Jury's verdict--a rare but not unprecedented legal action--and entered summary judgment for Tyson. The Eleventh Appellate Court subsequently sided with the Trial Judge. On March 24, 2006, the United States Supreme Court denied without comment Plaintiff's Petition to rehear the case, thus ending legal activities in Pickett v Tyson and effectively killing similar legal action pending against two other major beef packers, Excel (Cargill) and Swift (ConAgra).This article emphasizes three significant and troubling legal and economic issues from the historic litigation: (1) the Courts' narrow and extreme interpretation of the antitrust rule-of-reason; (2) the Courts' endorsement of a "meeting the competition" defense, and (3) whether the Courts inserted themselves above the Jury as fact-finders in the case, contrary to the 7th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that establishes the Jury as the only fact-finder in civil litigation.In essence Pickett was filed under the Packers and Stockyards Act, tried under Sherman and Clayton antitrust law, and overturned, in part, under the Robinson-Patman Act.

Notes: Single leaves of 3-month-old Cedrella odorata seedlings were exposed to a step reduction in the ambient dew point. The resultant time series of dynamic variations in leaf surface water vapour concentration, leaf surface water vapour concentration gradient, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance to water vapour, are analysed using the data-based mechanistic (DBM) modelling methodology of Young (e.g. Young & Lees 1992; Minchin et al. 1996 ). It is shown that the identified second-order, dynamic model between transpiration rate (as the input) and stomatal conductance (as the output) provides an appropriate, physiologically meaningful, description of the system. In particular, the dynamic relationship between these two variables is remarkably linear and can be resolved in terms of two parallel, first-order, subsystems; a model which complements the results of Cowan (1977) for cotton. The model is also compared with the recently published simulation model of Haefner, Buckley & Mott (1997).

Notes: Background Control of dust mites using extremes of temperature is un alternative to the use of acaricides. In ihe past we have attempted control by freezing with liquiid nitrogen. The present paper deals with the opposite exlrcnic, the use of steam.Objective To assess the feasibility inid effectiveness of a domestic steam cleaner for the control of dust mites. its effect on mite populations and concentrations of the allergen Der p I.Methods A domestic steam cleaner was used to treat earpet squares that had been seeded in the laboratory with known numbers of dust mites (Dermatophagoides pterpmussomis). The number of live mites was monitored for a period of 4 months in eight treated earpet squares and eight controls. Dust samples were taken from 12 standardized areas of carpet in a tenement flat in Glasgow, UK., before and after steam cleaning treatmet. and the concentration of allergen Der p 1 was compared with 12 adjacent. control areas.Results No live mites were found at any time in the treated carpet squares, whereas in the control squares geometric mean mite population density rose frotn 11 after 3 days to 39 after 1 month, 66 after 2.122 after 3 and 185 after 4 months. There was a mean reduetion of 8.7% in Der p I concentration (3.3-0.44 μg/g) compared with a reduction of 4.7% (2.22-2.l16μg/g) in control areas, a difference that was statistically significant at the 5% level.Conclusion These data indicate that steam cleaning has considerable potential as an highly effective and efficient method of killing dust mites and reducing concentrations of Der p 1 in domestic premises.