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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2937-2939 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using standard microelectronic techniques, we have fabricated arrays of infrared metallodielectric photonic crystals (IR MDPCs) on silicon substrates. The metallic "atoms" are located on a three-dimensional (100)-oriented face-centered-cubic lattice. Resonant stop-band characteristics have been measured with rejection levels of up to 20 dB and widths of up to 83% of the center frequency. We demonstrate structures with stop bands across the midinfrared wavelength range from 2 to 12 μm. Angular studies of the photonic stop bands show an insensitivity to incident angle for some of the structures. The IR MDPC results are compared with measurements made on microwave-scale MDPC structures to help in understanding the infrared results. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1766-1768 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline silicon aggregates imbedded in a predominantly amorphous silicon layer have been observed in anodically etched p-Si(100) by using valence band x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and lattice imaged high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). XTEM has identified the as-prepared porous silicon to be a mixed phase of amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon, with the nanocrystalline aggregates being randomly dispersed throughout the full thickness of a 1 μm thick amorphous layer and exhibiting a size distribution from 2 to 5 nm in diameter. The abundance of the nanocrystalline aggregates seems to decrease as the anodic etching proceeds and as the sample is irradiated by x rays at room temperature in ultrahigh vacuum. Valence band photoelectron measurements show evidence for a crystalline-to-amorphous phase transition induced by x radiation which may, in part, be activated by photoelectron stimulated hydrogen desorption. The x-ray irradiated samples also exhibit a significant reduction in photoluminescence yield, possibly caused by a reduction in the density of nanocrystallites. The observed mixed phase porous silicon and the metastability of the nanocrystallites help to explain apparent contradictory descriptions of the nature of porous silicon. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 267-269 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Parnassius phoebus ; Apollo butterfly ; Papilionidae ; Sedum ; defense substance ; cyanoglucoside ; sarmentosin ; sequestration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A bitter tasting cyanoglucoside, sarmentosin, was isolated from an aposematic Apollo butterfly,Parnassius phoebus, and from its plant-host,Sedum stenopetalum. The content of sarmentosin in the body tissues was as high as 500 μg/insect, suggesting a defensive role for this substance; a high concentration was detected in the wings. Sarmentosin was also present in the eggs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Gastric adenocarcinoma ; Non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ; Vitamin B12 deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 14-year-old boy presented with anorexia and weakness whereon the diagnosis of dimorphic anaemia was made. An excellent response to iron and vitamin B12 was observed. In addition, the patient had non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. At endoscopy 2.5 years later, an adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and the patient underwent a high subtotal gastrectomy. To the best of our knowledge, this rare association has never been reported in children. Conclusion We report a youngster with pernicious anaemia, associated with non-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in whom gastric adenocarcinoma was found. Patients with pernicious anaemia are at greater risk of developing gastric carcinoma than the general population, therefore we recommend routine periodic gastroscopic surveillance in the paediatric population with pernicious anaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 107 (1995), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Lethal hypothermia ; Paradoxical undressing ; Scene ; Terminal behaviour ; Letale Hypothermie ; Kälteidiotie ; Fundortsituation ; Finales Verhalten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zwischen 1978 und 1994 gelangten 69 primäre tödliche Unterkühlungsfälle zur Obduktion in unser Institut. Neben den allgemeinen Zeichen der Unterkühlung galt unser Augenmerk insbesondere dem Phänomen der „Kälteidiotie”. Hierunter wird das paradoxe Entkleiden von Personen in erheblich unterkühltem Zustand verstanden, offenbar ein Effekt der peripheren Vasodilatation mit der Entstehung eines subjektiven Hitzegefühles. In unserem Fallmaterial trat dieses paradoxe Entkleiden in 25% der Fälle auf. In fast all diesen Fällen zeigte sich aber noch ein weiteres Phänomen, das bisher in der uns zugänglichen Literatur nicht beschrieben wurde. Fast alle Leichen mit teilweiser oder vollständiger Entkleidung wurden in einer Position aufgefunden, die auf einen finalen Schutzmechanismus hinwiesen. Die Leichen lagen unter dem Bett, hinter dem Schrank, in einem Regal etc. Offenbar handelt es sich hier um autonome Stammhirnprozesse, die im finalen Stadium der Unterkühlung ablaufen und primitives Schutz- oder Höhlenverhalten, wie man es von Tieren her kennt, erkennen lassen. Dieses Phänomen, das wir zunächst „finales Höhlenverhalten” nennen und zur „Kälteidiotie” zu gehören scheint, tritt bevorzugt bei langsamer Abkühlung und moderater Kälte auf.
    Notes: Abstract Between 1978 and 1994, 69 cases of death due to lethal hypothermia were examined in our Institute. In addition to the common findings associated with hypothermia we especially wanted to examine the so-called paradox reaction which refers to the undressing of persons in a state of severe (lethal) hypothermia. This is obviously the result of a peripheral vasodilatation effecting a feeling of warmth. In our material this paradoxical undressing occurred in 25% of the cases and nearly all exhibited an additional phenomenon which has not yet been described in the literature. Nearly all bodies with partial or complete disrobement were found in a position which indicated a final mechanism of protection i.e. under a bed, behind a wardrobe, in a shelf etc.. This is obviously an autonomous process of the brain stem, which is triggered in the final state of hypothermia and produces a primitive and burrowing-like behaviour of protection, as seen in (hibernating) animals. This phenomenon, which we refer to as “terminal burrowing behaviour”, occurred predominantly with slow decreases in temperature and moderately cold conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 108 (1995), S. 116-116 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 110 (1997), S. 88-91 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Key words Penile balls ; Penology ; Yakuza ; Self-mutilation ; Sexual medicine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Notes: Abstract The subcutaneous self-implantation of spherical objects in the penis is a well-known practice among members of the Yakuza in Japan but this phenomenon has not previously been described in the Western world. However, recently there were two cases in Berlin of young Eastern European men in whom implanted penile balls as in the Yakuza were found at autopsy. Investigations in Russia revealed that this phenomenon is typically encountered there among prisoners and in certain army units. In addition to the feeling of belonging to a specific group, increased sexual confidence is one major reason for these implantations that are usually performed under primitive conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 9 (1998), S. 9-13 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Muzzle flash ; Starter’s pistols ; Wound ; ballistic ; Blank cartridges ; Thermal injuries ; Schlüsselwörter Mündungsfeuer ; Schreckschußwaffen ; Wundballistik ; Kartuschenmunition ; Thermische ; Verletzungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es sollte der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie groß die Länge des Feuerstrahls ist, der bei Schußabgabe (Kartuschenmunition) aus einer Schreckschußwaffe entsteht. Hierzu wurden aus 26 verschiedenen Schreckschußwaffen sämtlicher in Deutschland erhältlicher Kaliber Schüsse mit Knallkartuschenmunition in einem abgedunkelten Raum abgegeben. Die Schußabgaben erfolgten vor einer Kamera mit geöffnetem Verschluß; die Blitzlichtauslösung erfolgte durch den Schußknall akustisch gesteuert über eine selbstkonstruierte Triggerschaltung. Pro Waffe wurden 10 Schüsse abgegeben. Die Auswertung der Feuerstrahllängen erfolgte über einen gleichfalls abgebildeten Maßstab. Die Untersuchungen ergaben, daß die Länge des Feuerstrahles aus der Mündung vor allem von der Länge und Konstruktion der Laufattrappe (Laufsperren!) abhängt. Je mehr Treibmittel die Kartuschen enthalten und je kürzer die Laufattrappe ist, desto länger ist der Feuerstrahl aus der Mündung. Die Länge des Feuerstrahles betrug minimal 5 cm und maximal 28 cm. Das Verfahren zur bildlichen Darstellung des Mündungsfeuerstrahles wird vorgestellt. Die Möglichkeiten thermischer Verletzungen der Körperoberfläche sowie die Beschädigungen von Textilien werden erörtert. Es wird dabei insbesondere auf das unterschiedliche Verhalten von thermostabilen Naturfasern und thermoplastischen Synthetikfasern hingewiesen.
    Notes: Abstract In order to investigate the question how long (in cm) is the muzzle flash from shots fired with starter’s pistols loaded with blank cartridges, 26 different starter’s pistols of all calibres available were tested. The shots were performed in a dark room in front of a camera with an open shutter. The photographic flash was triggered acoustically by a self-constructed trigger and 10 shots were fired with each gun. The evaluation of the length of the muzzle flash was done by means of a ruler. The experiments showed that the length of the muzzle flash is dependent on the length of the barrel and the construction of the inside of the barrel (starter’s pistols have small obstacles inside the barrels, so that no live ammunition can be fired with them). The more propellant the cartridges contained and the shorter the barrels, the more intensive and long was the muzzle flash. The length of the muzzle flash varied from 5–28 cm. The experimental method is described in detail. The possibilities of thermal injuries to the body surface as well as the damage to textiles will be discussed. The different reactions of thermostabile natural fibres (e.g. wool) and thermoplastic synthetic fibres (e.g. polyester) are pointed out.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 8 (1998), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Blank guns ; Blank cartridges ; Gun shot ; wounds ; Self-made guns ; Weapons law ; Schlüsselwörter Schreckschußwaffen ; Kartuschenmunition ; Schußverletzungen ; Selbstgebaute ; Schußgeräte ; Waffenrecht
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Erwerbsscheinfreie Schreckschußwaffen werden gelegentlich umgebaut, um Projektile aus ihnen verschießen zu können. Teilweise wird hierfür auch die entsprechende Kartuschenmunition durch Einarbeiten eines Projektiles in Patronenmunition umgewandelt. Es lassen sich so je nach Modifikationsart Schußgeräte herstellen, die hinsichtlich ihres Leistungsbildes mit „echten“ Schußwaffen vergleichbar sind. Es werden Todesfälle durch Einwirkungen mit unterschiedlich manipulierten Schreckschußwaffen und -munition vorgestellt. Darstellung der Befunde sowie der Waffen. Es wird kurz auf die rechtliche Problematik des Umbaus von Schreckschußwaffen eingegangen.
    Notes: Abstract Blank guns are frequently modified to fire projectiles. For this reason also blank cartridges are altered by adding self-made projectiles. Depending on the modification self-made guns are comparable with “real” guns concerning the technical effects and wound ballistic data. We report about fatalities due to manipulated blank guns and blank cartridges. The autopsy findings as well as the weapons are described. A short overview of the German weapons law concerning altered weapons is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rechtsmedizin 8 (1998), S. 94-97 
    ISSN: 1434-5196
    Keywords: Key words Blank cartridges ; Propellant ; Primer ; Priming composition ; Starter pistols ; Schlüsselwörter Kartuschenmunition ; Platzpatronen ; Treibmittelanalyse ; Zündmittelanalyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Knallkartuschen („Platzpatronen”), die zum Verschießen aus Schreckschußwaffen (§ 22 WaffG) bestimmt sind, wurden hinsichtlich ihres Aufbaues sowie des Treib- und Zündmittels untersucht. Zur Untersuchung gelangte Kartuschenmunition sämtlicher für Kurzwaffen erhältlicher Kaliber. Der Aufbau der Hülsen sowie der Zündelemente entsprachen im wesentlichem dem von Patronenmunition. Die Analysen der Treibladungspulver (TLP) erfolgten mittels HPLC, die der Zündsätze durch Röntgenfluoreszenz und Röntgendiffraktion: Bei Knallkartuschen fand sich als Treibmittel überwiegend einbasiges Treibladungspulver (Nitrocellulose-TLP), vereinzelt aber auch Schwarzpulver. In den größeren Kalibern fanden sich zweibasige Treibladungspulver (Nitroglycerin-TLP) mit Zusätzen von DNT und Dibutylphtalat (DBP). Die einbasigen TLP zeigten sich mit Diphenylamin (DPA), die mehrbasigen TLP mit Centralit I (C I) stabilisiert. Die Zündsätze enthielten als Sprengstoffe fast ausschließlich Bleitrizinat und/oder Hexogen, als Sauerstofflieferanten Bariumnitrate. Eine Besonderheit der Knallkartuschenmunition ist das Vorhandensein eines scheibenförmigen Zwischenmittels, das das Treibmittel zusammenhält und gegen den Hülsenboden drückt. Aufgrund des geringen Gewichtes kommt den Zwischenmitteln keine wesentliche kinetische Energie zu.
    Notes: Abstract We examined the composition of blank cartridges for all available calibers used for starter pistols in Germany including 6 mm, .22 long, 315, 8 × 20 mm, 9 × 17 mm, 9 mm P.A., .35, and .45 short. The cartridge cases and the primer compositions were found to be similar to those of live ammunition. Analyses of the propellants and the priming compositions were performed using HPLC (propellants) and x-ray diffraction/fluorescence (primer). Nitrocellulose was found to be the main propellant of blank cartridges (mono-basic powder) but black powder is also still in use. In the larger calibres we found double base powder (nitroglycerine-powder) with DNT and dibutylphtalate (DBP) as additives. The mono-basic powder was stabilised with diphenylamine (DPA), and the double base powder with centralit I (CI). The primers consisted of lead styphnate and/or hexogen and barium nitrates were typical oxygen donators. A characteristic of blank cartridges is the presence of small discs made of cork or paper which are positioned on top of the propellant to keep it near the bottom of the cartridge case (near the primer). Because of the small mass of these discs the amount of kinetic energy imported is negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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