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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suite 500, 5th Floor, 238 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA : Blackwell Science Inc.
    International journal of gynecological cancer 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1525-1438
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Whether the size of a retroperitoneal lymph node reflects its status is not clear. We measured the size of 125 positive and 160 negative pelvic lymph nodes in 32 consecutive patients with node-positive endometrial cancer. The measurements were compared with those of 143 pelvic lymph nodes of five randomly selected patients with endometrial cancer without node involvement. Overall, positive lymph nodes were larger than negative lymph nodes in both node-positive patients and node- negative controls (P 〈 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the size of positive lymph nodes and the size of the metastasis therein (P 〈 0.01). However, 68 of 125 (54%) positive lymph nodes measured less than 10 mm in maximum diameter, while 46 of 160 (29%) negative lymph nodes in node-positive patients measured more than 10 mm in maximum diameter. The metastasis was detected in more than 50% of step-serial sections in only 74% of positive lymph nodes. These data suggest that the size of a lymph node does not reliably reflect its status. Thus, these nodes may be missed if only enlarged nodes are removed. If only one section of a lymph node is performed, at least 26% of metastases will be missed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To define the normal ranges of umbilical cord blood oxygen saturation (SaO2) and acid-base status at birth and to evaluate the effect of gestational age on cord blood values in vigorous newborn infants following spontaneous vaginal birth from a vertex position.Design Prospective study.Setting Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Graz, Austria.Sample Cord blood samples from 1281 vigorous newborn infants.Methods Cord blood sampling was performed following on newborn infants following spontaneous vaginal birth in a vertex position. SaO2 was measured directly by a spectrophotometer and pH, base excess, pCO2 and pO2 by a pH/blood-gas analyser. Infants with a 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 7 were considered vigorous. Subgroups were classified according to the gestational age: preterm, term and postterm (〈 37, 37–42 and 〉 42 weeks, respectively).Results The median umbilical artery SaO2 was 24.3% and the 2.5th centile was as low as 2.7%. The median umbilical artery values were pH = 7.25, base excess =−4.3 mmol/L and pO2= 16 mmHg. The 2.5th centiles were 7.08, −11.1 mmol/L and 5 mmHg, respectively. The median umbilical artery pCO2 was 50 mmHg and the 97.5th centile was 75 mmHg. The mean umbilical artery and vein SaO2 values were not significantly influenced by gestational age. The umbilical artery SaO2 and base excess values were strongly skewed. The mean umbilical artery pH values in preterm infants were higher than in other subgroups. The mean umbilical artery and vein base excess values were lower in post-term newborn infants than in other subgroups.Conclusions The physiological range of oxygen saturation in umbilical cord of vigorous newborn infants at birth is wide and skewed. In contrast to pH and base excess, umbilical cord blood oxygen saturation is not influenced significantly by gestational age at birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 782 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Macomb, Ill., etc. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Geography. 21 (1922:Jan./Dec.) 89 
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 54 (1998), S. 952-954 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Antibody ; Capsid antigens ; HHV-8 ; Kaposi’s sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Sequences of a new herpesvirus with homology to gammaherpesvirinae were recently identified in AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS). Subsequently this novel virus, called KS-associated virus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus (HHV) 8 was detected in classical KS and AIDS-associated body cavity based lymphomas by polymerase chain reaction. In this report major and minor capsid proteins of HHV-8 were molecularly cloned and produced as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Sera from 69 HIV-1 infected patients with KS, 30 HIV-1 infected patients without KS and 106 control individuals were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for anti-HHV-8 capsid IgM and IgG antibodies. Sera from four patients were tested over periods ranging from 18 months to 6 years. IgG antibodies directed against HHV-8 capsid antigens were detected in patients with AIDS-associated KS and in some AIDS patients without KS. Seroconversion with IgM and IgG antibodies directed against HHV-8 capsid proteins occurred more than 1 year prior to diagnosis of KS. In a considerable portion of KS patients no IgM or IgG antibodies against HHV-8 capsid proteins were detected. In these patients there was an inverse relationship between antibodies against HHV-8orf26 and the CD4/CD8 ratio, suggesting that the inconsistency of anti-HHV-8orf26 antibodies is due at least partly to an impaired immune response. No reactivity against HHV-8 capsid antigens was detected in the vast majority of sera from HIV-negative control individuals. Our findings indicate that a specific humoral immune response against capsid proteins is raised in HHV-8 infected individuals, and that anti-capsid antibodies can be used to diagnose HHV-8 infection. The correlation between occurrence of anti-HHV-8 antibodies and KS supports the hypothesis of a causative role of HHV-8.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 351 (1995), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words BIMU 8 ; BIMU 1 ; Renzapride ; 5-HT4 receptors ; Acetylcholine release ; Myenteric plexus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The effects of the 5-HT4 receptor agonists BIMU 8, BIMU 1, renzapride and of the 5-HT1p receptor agonist 5-hydroxyindalpine on basal and electrically evoked outflow of tritium were studied in guinea-pig longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparations preincubated with [3H]choline. Muscle contractions were recorded simultaneously. BIMU 8 caused a calcium dependent and tetrodotoxin sensitive increase in basal [3H]outflow that was assumed to represent release of [3H]acetylcholine. In addition, BIMU 8 enhanced the release of [3H]acetylcholine and twitch contractions evoked by submaximal electrical stimulation. Ondansetron (1 μmol/l) did not change the effects of BIMU 8, but DAU 6285 and tropisetron (each 1 μmol/l) competitively antagonized the various facilitatory effects of BIMU 8 with pA2 values of 7.0–7.2 (DAU 6285) and 7.0–7.3 (tropisetron). The phosphodiesterase inhibitors IBMX and rolipram did not increase the effects of BIMU 8. BIMU 1 and renzapride also concentration-dependently increased basal release of acetylcholine, and release and contractions caused by submaximal stimulation. The effects of BIMU 1 and renzapride were competitively antagonized by 1 μmol/l tropisetron (pA2 6.6–7.1). The EC50 values for the increase in the evoked [3H]acetylcholine release and contractions were closely similar. 5-Hydroxyindalpine did not change basal release and slightly inhibited the evoked release of [3H]acetylcholine. Release of acetylcholine and contractions elicited by submaximal stimulation were strongly inhibited by (+)-tubocurarine which indicates that nicotinic ganglionic transmission is involved in this kind of release. The results suggest that BIMU 8, BIMU 1 and renzapride stimulate 5-HT4 receptors at cholinergic interneurones and thereby facilitate nicotinic ganglionic transmission in the myenteric plexus. Cyclic AMP is probably not involved in the 5-HT4 receptor mediated facilitation of acetylcholine release.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 71 (1924), S. 233-239 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Tuberkulöse Meningitis ; Polymerase- Kettenreaktion ; Liquor ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Mycobacterium fortuitum ; Key words Tuberculous meningitis ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Mycobacteria tuberculosis ; Mycobacteria fortuitum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: , alsein ubiquitärer Keim mit geringer Pathogenität, Untersuchungsproben verunreinigen kann und die Verwendung von Primerpaaren, die gruppenspezifische mykobakterielle DNA erkennen, zu falsch-positiven Resultaten führen kann. Für die Validität der PCR ist daher neben der Sensitivität der Nachweisreaktion, die Spezifität der eingesetzten PCR-Primer von großer Bedeutung, um zwischen mykobakteriellen Subtypen zu differenzieren.
    Abstract: Value of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis
    Notes: Zusammenfassung
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Polymerase-Kettenreaktion ; Chronisch lymphatische Leukämie ; Monoklonalität ; Leptomeningeale Infiltration ; Key words Polymerase chain reaction ; Chronic lymphatic leukemia ; Monoclonality ; Leptomeningeal infiltration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The diagnosis of leptomeningeal dissemination of chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) by conventional cytology is unreliable because cytomorphologic criteria of malignancy are often lacking. Immunophenotyping of leukocyte differentiation antigens may also be of limited diagnostic value due to the small number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Molecular methods may support the specific diagnosis of leptomeningeal infiltration of CLL. We present an 54 old patient who was diagnosed with CLL five years ago. Despite clinical signs of leptomeningeal involvement neither magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) nor conventional CSF analysis were suggestive of lymphomatous meningitis. Using PCR we selectively amplified the highly variable and clone-specific CDR3 region of the locus encoding the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) in DNA obtained from both CSF and peripheral blood cells. Analysis of PCR products by high resolution gel electrophoresis revealed a single DNA fragment respectively indicating the presence of a monoclonal cell population in both compartments. DNA sequence analysis of the amplified CDR3 segments confirmed the clonal identity of cells and the leptomeningeal dissemination of CLL.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Diagnose einer leptomeningealen Infiltration ist bei der chronisch lymphatischen Leukämie (CLL) mit konventionellen zytomorphologischen Methoden nicht hinreichend möglich. Das Zellbild ist meist monomorph, und eindeutige Malignitätskriterien fehlen. Eine Immunphänotypisierung mit Bestimmung von Leukozytendifferenzierungsantigenen erlaubt eine weitere Eingrenzung, ist jedoch häufig wegen geringen Zellmaterials nur eingeschränkt möglich. Molekulargenetische Methoden können zur weiteren Diagnosesicherung eingesetzt werden. Bei einem 54jährigen Patienten mit einer seit 5 Jahren bestehenden Diagnose einer CLL konnte trotz klinischen Verdachts weder kernspintomographisch noch in der konventionellen Liquordiagnostik ein Anhalt für eine leptomeningeale Infiltration der CLL gefunden werden. Mit der Polymerase-Kettenreaktion (PCR) wurde die hochvariable, B-Zell-Klon-spezifische CDR3-Region des für die Immunglobulinkette-Schwerkette (IgH) kodierenden Locus selektiv amplifiziert. Als Ausgangsmaterial wurde zelluläre DNA aus Liquor und Blut des Patienten verwendet. Die Analyse der PCR-Produkte mit hochauflösender Gelelektrophorese ergab sowohl für B-Zellen aus dem Liquor als auch für B-Zellen aus dem Blut ein einzelnes DNA-Fragment. Hierdurch wurde der Nachweis erbracht, daß die Zellpopulationen in beiden Kompartimenten monoklonal sind. Die DNA-Sequenz-Analyse der amplifizierten CDR3-Segmente bestätigte die klonale Identität der Zellen und damit eindeutig die leptomeningeale Infiltration der CLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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