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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 8 (1996), S. 42-48 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This issue of the journal features the first part of a two-part serieswhich comprises Chapter 15 from Volume 1 of a recently published book 'AComprehensive Guide to the Manufacture of Printed Board Assemblies'*edited byW. MacLeod Ross. Volume 1, containing 800 pages, and Volume 2, scheduled to bepublished in the Spring of 1997 and estimated to contain around 900 pages, will, as far as thepublishers are aware, be the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of printed boardsand printed board assemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 9 (1997), S. 23-29 
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This issue of thejournal features the final part of a two-part series which comprises Chapter 15 fromVolume 1 of a recently published book 'A Comprehensive Guide to the Manufacture ofPrinted Board Assemblies'* edited by W.MacLeod Ross.Volume 1, containing 800 pages, and Volume 2, scheduled to be published in theSpring of 1997 and estimated to contain around 900 pages, will, as far as the publishers areaware, be the most comprehensive book ever published on the subject of printed boardassemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM) has the potential to provide new insights into matrix deposition in renal pathology. For example laser stimulated light emission from Kimmelstiel Wilson (KW) nodules emphasizes a difference between peripheral and central nodule contents, an observation matching immunoperoxidase studies, which fails to demonstrate high density of renal matrix proteins in the core.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 608-617 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Die Astrozytome hohen Malignitätsgrades (Grad III, IV) sind mit etwa 30% die häufigsten und zugleich aggressivsten Hirntumoren gliösen Ursprungs und führen unbehandelt innerhalb weniger Wochen zum Tode. Neben der primär einzusetzenden Operation ist der Stellenwert der postoperativen perkutanen Strahlentherapie in der Behandlung der malignen Gliome unbestritten. Derzeit gibt es keinen gesicherten Hinweis, daß eine Chemotherapie Operation und Strahlentherapie ersetzen kann, so daß die malignen Gliome wegen ihres aggressiven Wachstums und der damit verbundenen schlechten Prognose unverändert eine Herausforderung an den Radioonkologen stellen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 832-838 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Leukämien sind klonale, neoplastische Proliferationen von Zellen der hämatopoetischen Differenzierungskaskade. Fast alle leukämischen Zellen sind ausgesprochen strahlenempfindlich. Bei diesen systemischen Neoplasien kann daher die Strahlentherapie in dreierlei Hinsicht zum integralen Bestandteil multimodaler Therapiekonzepte werden: im Rahmen der Primärtherapie, als myoablative Therapie zur Konditionierung z.B. vor Knochenmarktransplantationen oder zur Palliation bei Leukämie-assoziierten Problemen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Gliomas ; intra-operative ultrasound ; tumour resection ; biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intra-operative ultrasound (=IOUS) is a suitable tool to detect residual tumour tissue after gross total resection in supratentorial gliomas. During a period of 18 months 45 patients with supratentorial gliomas (38 high-grade and 9 low-grade, according to the WHO-grading system [42]) were operated on. A series of 78 biopsies was taken from the resection cavity under continuous sonographic control at the end of surgery. Gross total tumour resection was intended in 34 patients (=76%). The biopsy specimens were matched with the sonographic features at each biopsy site. The sonographic appearance of the resection margins were classified into 2 groups: (1) Irregular hyperechoic areas extending from the cavity into the iso-echogenic brain tissue and (2) a dense small (≤3 mm in diameter) rather regular hyperechoic rim surrounding the resection cavity. 47 out of 53 biopsies taken from hyperechoic areas (group 1) (36 high-grade/11 low-grade) revealed solid tumour tissue (=89%). 34 (=72%) of these 47 areas were microscopically assessed as inconspicuous by the surgeon. 6 samples (4 high-grade/2 low-grade) contained tumour infiltration zone. 25 biopsies (23 high-grade/2 low-grade) taken from the hyperechoic rim [group 2] were diagnosed as follows: Normal brain tissue in 11, tumour infiltration zone in 8 and solid tumour tissue in 6 cases. Of 34 cases with “gross total removal” according to the surgeon's assessement 25 showed sonographic signs of residual tumour tissue, which was confirmed histologically as solid tumour tissue in 22 of these cases. It is concluded, that IOUS following resection of supratentorial gliomas can detect residual tumour tissue with high specificity and thus improve gross total resection. However, a thin hyperechoic rim surrounding the resection cavity (less than 3 mm in diameter) is a non-specific finding, which can mask thin residual tumour layers and therefore needs further evaluation of its nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Gamma-Knife ; Radiochirurgie ; Linearbeschleuniger ; Konvergenzbestrahlung ; Konformationsbestrahlung ; Key words Gamma knife ; Radiosurgery ; Linear accelerator ; Convergent beam irradiation ; Conformation radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Introduction: The principles of radiosurgery were developed in 1951 by Leksell. Their technical realization led to the development of the gamma knife and stereotactically modified linear accelerator. Methods: In addition to the gamma knife, we present the different principles of convergent beam irradiation (radiosurgery with linear accelerator), the further development to fractionated stereotactic conformal radiotherapy, and the necessary quality-assurance steps. Results: The greatest uncertainties in the precision of radiosurgery result from medical imaging (CT 0.7 × 0.7 × 1 mm; DSA 1–5 mm; MR angiography 〈 2 mm). The focusing accuracy of the gamma knife (± 0.3 mm) can also be achieved today by linear accelerators using a stereotactic floorstand. For the same indication and the same dosage for the target volume, there are no clinical differences between the gamma knife and the linear accelerator (AVM: 80 % complete obliteration; metastases: 85 % local tumor control; AN: 90 % tumor control). However, there are greater differences in costs. There is no constellation where the gamma knife is just as expensive or more cost-effective than the linear accelerator treatment. The most cost-effective solution is modification of an available linear accelerator, resulting in treatment costs per patient of 9,201.25 DM (50 patients/year). Conclusion: There seem to be no methodological, physical, clinical or cost reasons for using a gamma knife, especially because the trend is going towards fractionated conformation radiotherapy instead of the application of high single doses.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einführung: Die Prinzipien der Radiochirurgie wurden 1951 von Leksell entwickelt. Die technische Realisierung führte zur Entwicklung von Gamma-Knife und stereotaktisch umgerüstetem Linearbeschleuniger. Methode: Neben dem Gamma-Knife werden die unterschiedlichen Prinzipien der Konvergenzbestrahlung (Radiochirurgie mit Linearbeschleuniger), deren Weiterentwicklung zur fraktionierten stereotaktischen Konformationsbestrahlung und die notwendigen Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen dargestellt. Ergebnisse: Die größten Unsicherheiten in der Präzision der Radiochirurgie ergeben sich aus den bildgebenden Verfahren (CT 0,7 × 0,7 × 1 mm, DSA 1–5 mm, MR-Angiographie 〈 2 mm). Die Fokussiergenauigkeit des Gamma-Knife von ± 0,3 mm kann heutzutage auch von Linearbeschleunigern bei Verwendung eines Stereotaxiestativs erreicht werden. Bei gleicher Indikationsstellung und gleicher zielvolumenumschließender Dosierung ergeben sich keine klinischen Unterschiede zwischen Gamma-Knife und Linearbeschleuniger (AVM: 80 % vollständige Obliteration; Metastasen: 85 % lokale Tumorkontrolle; AN: 90 % Tumorkontrolle). Um so größer sind die Unterschiede bei den Kosten. Es gibt keine Konstellation, bei der das Gamma-Knife gleich teuer oder billiger ist als eine Linearbeschleunigerbehandlung. Die kostengünstigste Lösung ist die Umrüstung eines bestehenden Linearbeschleunigers, wobei Behandlungskosten von 9201,25 DM pro Patient (bei 50 Patienten/Jahr) entstehen. Zusammenfassung: Es lassen sich keine methodisch-physikalischen, klinischen oder Kostengründe finden, die für die Verwendung eines Gamma-Knife sprechen, insbesondere da die Entwicklung sich von der Applikation hoher Einzeitdosen zur fraktionierten Konformationsbestrahlung hinwendet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 37 (1997), S. 186-187 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 71 (1997), S. 714-718 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Oximes ; Sarin ; Soman ; Tabun ; Direct reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The direct reaction of seven pyridinium oximes with the nerve agents sarin, soman, and tabun was followed by a spectrophotometric method. The half-lives (t 1/2) of the oximes, the first- and second-order rate constants (k 1, k 2), and the maximal reaction velocity ( $\roundv $ max) were calculated according to changes in the absorbance of the zwitterion (betaine) peak. In all cases the reaction velocity of the nerve agents with any of the oximes was highest with tabun, followed by sarin and then soman. Comparing the reaction rates of three therapeutically used oximes with the same nerve agent, the highest rate was obtained for soman with obidoxime, for sarin with 2-PAM, and for tabun with HI 6. The maximal reaction velocities reveal that the detoxification of the nerve agents by direct reaction with oximes and the subsequent decomposition of the phosphonyl oxime in vivo do not substantially contribute to the therapeutic effect of these antidotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Key words Parkinson’s disease ; Depression ; Brainstem midline ; changes ; Transcranial sonography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recent studies using transcranial sonography (TCS) have provided evidence of alterations in the mesencephalic midline structures in patients with unipolar depression and depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting an involvement of the basal limbic system in primary and secondary mood disorders. This study tested the hypothesis of brainstem midline abnormality in depression and investigated 31 PD patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and TCS. Signal intensity of the pontine and mesencephalic brainstem midline was rated on T2-weighted images and measured by relaxometry. In addition, two blinded investigators assessed the echogenicity of the brainstem midline by TCS. The severity of motor symptoms and depression were graded independently using standard research scales. Rating of signal intensity and T2 relaxometry of the pontomesencephalic midline structures revealed significant difference between depressed and nondepressed PD patients (P 〈 0.05). This corresponded to a significant reduction in mesencephalic midline echogenicity of depressed PD patients on TCS images. No correlation was found between raphe signal intensity, T2 relaxation times, or TCS echogenicity and the severity of motor symptoms or depression. This study is the first to show changes in signal intensity and T2 relaxation time of the pontomesencephalic midline structures on MRI in depressed PD patients confirming previous TCS findings. As these midline structures comprise fiber tracts and nuclei of the basal limbic system, the findings may support the hypothesis of an alteration in the basal limbic system in mood disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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