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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring uptake and contents of Mg, Ca and K in Norway spruce as influenced by pH and Al, using microprobe analysis and stable isotope labelling (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 168-169 (1995), S. 135-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Al effect ; microprobe analysis ; nutrient uptake ; pH effect ; Picea abies ; stable isotope labelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In a model system using intact spruce trees (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) we followed the path of magnesium, calcium and potassium during uptake into the root and during long-range transport into the shoot, by multiple stable isotope labelling. The roots of two- and three-year-old spruce trees originating from soil culture were removed from the soil and, in part or in toto, exposed to labelling solutions containing the stable isotopes 25Mg or 26Mg, 41K and 42Ca or 44Ca. Optical-emission-spectroscopy (ICP-OES) of plant fractions and labelling solutions was combined with the quantitative analysis of stable isotope ratios in sections of shock frozen, cryosubstituted material using the laser-microprobe-mass-analyser (LAMMA). This combination allowed us to distinguish, both in bulk samples and on the cellular level between (i) the fraction of elements originally present in the plant before the start of the labelling, (ii) the material taken up from the labelling solution into the plant and (iii) any material released by the plant into the labelling solution. In single-root labelling experiments, roots of three-year-old spruce trees, grown in nursery soil, were exposed to various pH conditions. The exchange of Mg and Ca with the labelling solution was nearly 100% in the cell walls of the mycorrhized finest roots. This exchange was only slightly affected by a step down to pH 3.5. The absolute Mg and Ca content in the cell walls was moderately reduced by incubation at pH 3.5 and strongly reduced in the presence of Al at this pH. After a pH 3.5 and 2 mM Al treatment we found Al in the xylem cell walls and the cortex cell lumina at elevated concentrations. To analyse the combined effect of high Al and high proton concentrations on the long-range transport, we used a “split-root system”. The root mass of an intact two-year-old spruce tree, grown in mineral soil, was divided into even parts and both halves incubated in solutions with two sets of different stable isotopes of Mg and Ca (side A: no Al, 25Mg and 42Ca; side B: +Al, 26Mg and 44Ca) and 41K on both sides. We observed a large uptake of Mg, Ca and K into the plant and a pronounced release. The net uptake of all three elements was lower from the Al-doted solution. In cross-sections of the apical shoot we found after seven-day labelling period about 60–70% of the Mg and Ca and 30% of the K content in the xylem cell walls originating from both labelling solutions. The clear majority of the Mg and Ca label originated from the Al-doted side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029322
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sekundäre Veränderungen im Holz akut belasteter Fichten (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) in Hochlagen des Osterzgebirges (1996)
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 54 (1996), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: In the heavily polluted and thinned-out spruce stands at the high altitudes of the ore-mountains extreme wind stresses initiate in some trees slip planes which accumulate in the vicinity of rays and branch tracers. The slip plane zones are subsequently infected by wood degrading fungi, in particular by Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. et Schw.: Fr.) Fr. resulting in a simultaneous decay of carbohydrates and lignin in the cell walls. The combined effect of wind stress and cell-wall degradation apparently induces brash, staircase-like fractures in some stems, which limitates the utilization of the timber. Eventually reduced immissions and an improved stand structure will help avert this kind of damage and spruce grown at this site will again satisfy standard wood quality requirements.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der Polarisationsmikroskopie kombiniert mit Phasenkontrastierung und elektronenmikroskopischen Verfahren wurden die Bildung, Verteilung und Ausdehnung von Mikrostauchlinien ,,slip planes“ in den Zellwänden analysiert und ihre Bedeutung als bruchauslösende Initialstellen quantifiziert. Aus den Bruchzonen wurden holzzerstörende und holzverfärbende Pilze isoliert und taxonomisch bestimmt. Das Ausmaß des Holzabbaus wurde auf zellulärer und subzellulärer Ebene mit Hilfe der Fluoreszenzmikroskopie und UV-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. In den stark belasteten und aufgelichteten Fichtenbeständen der Hochlagen des Erzgebirges werden durch extreme Windbelastung in einzelnen Bäumen Mikrostauchlinien induziert, die sich im Bereich von Holzstrahlen und Astspuren häuften. Diese Stauchlinien wurden sekundär von holzabbauenden Pilzen, insbesondere durch Stereum sanguinolentum (Alb. et Schw.: Fr.) Fr. besiedelt. In den Zellwänden dieser Zonen war ein simultaner Abbau von Gerüstkohlenhydraten und Lignin nachweisbar. Diese Beeinträchtigung kann bei einzelnen Stämmen kurzfaserige, treppenförmige Windbrüche verursachen. Bei einer verbesserten Bestandesstruktur bei zugleich rückläufiger Immission verdient die Fichte aus Sicht der erreichbaren Holzeigenschaften weiterhin Berücksichtigung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchung der dynamischen Belastbarkeit des Holzes sekundär geschädigter Fichten (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) aus extrem windexponierten Hochlagen des Osterzgebirges (1996)
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 54 (1996), S. 313-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Im Holz der immissionsbelasteten und entsprechend zwar physiologisch geschwächten, aber nicht sekundär geschädigten Fichten konnte dagegen keine Beeinträchtigung der Bruch- schlagarbeit festgestellt werden. Aus den Untersuchungen geht hervor, daß das Holz von Fichten aus extrem immissionsbelasteten Hochlagenstandorten des Osterzgebirges nach sorgfältiger Aussortierung von sekundär geschädigten Einzelbäumen uneingeschränkt verwendet werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050193
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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