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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of a low humus level in arable soils on microbial properties, soil organic matter quality and crop yield (1999)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 28 (1999), S. 156-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil cultivation ; Carbon loss ; Microbial biomass ; Enzyme activities ; Soil organic matter quality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  In arable soils in Schleswig-Holstein (Northwest Germany) nearly 30% of the total organic C (TOC) stored in former times in the soil has been mineralized in the last 20 years. Microbial biomass, enzyme activities and the soil organic matter (SOM) composition were investigated in order to elucidate if a low TOC level affects microbial parameters, SOM quality and crop yield. Microbial biomass C (Cmic) and enzyme activities decreased in soils with a low TOC level compared to soils with a typical TOC level. The decrease in the Cmic/TOC ratio suggested low-level, steady-state microbial activity. The SOM quality changed with respect to an enrichment of initial litter compounds in the top soil layers with a low TOC level. Recent management of the soils had not maintained a desirable level of humic compounds. However, we found no significant decrease in crop yield. We suggest that microbial biomass and dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities are not necessarily indicators of soil fertility in soils with a high fertilization level without forage production and manure application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050478
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil organic matter composition and pesticide bonding in sandy soils in relation to groundwater protection in the Northwest German Lower Plain (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Soil organic matter ; Microbial activity ; Groundwater contamination ; Pesticides ; Spodic horizons ; Landscape planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In sandy gleyic soils with a low groundwater table under arboriculture in Northwest Germany, a wide variation of groundwater pollution by pesticides has been observed. We therefore examined data on microbial activity and soil organic matter composition by wet chemistry, cross-polarization magic-angle spinning and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectromy. However, neither microbial activity nor the soil organic matter composition of cultivated topsoils explained the differences in xenobiotic leaching into the groundwater. Data from Anthrosols suggested that these soils have a higher capacity for pesticide bonding because of high amounts of aromatic and carboxylic C moieties in the soil organic matter. However, despite the same pesticide inputs and time of application, the leached output from these soils was higher than that from the Podzols. Initial data from subsoil investigations suggest that the presence of a spodic horizon most likely reduces groundwater pollution by pesticides. Studies to assess fixation capacity and desorption kinetics in Bh horison seem warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335954
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil organic matter composition and pesticide bonding in sandy soils in relation to groundwater protection in the Northwest German Lower Plain (1996)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 23 (1996), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Soil organic matter ; Microbial activity ; Groundwater contamination ; Pesticides ; Spodic horizons ; Landscape planning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In sandy gleyic soils with a low groundwater table under arboriculture in Northwest Germany, a wide variation of groundwater pollution by pesticides has been observed. We therefore examined data on microbial activity and soil organic matter composition by wet chemistry, cross-polarization magic-angle spinning and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectromy. However, neither microbial activity nor the soil organic matter composition of cultivated topsoils explained the differences in xenobiotic leaching into the groundwater. Data from Anthrosols suggested that these soils have a higher capacity for pesticide bonding because of high amounts of aromatic and carboxylic C moieties in the soil organic matter. However, despite the same pesticide inputs and time of application, the leached output from these soils was higher than that from the Podzols. Initial data from subsoil investigations suggest that the presence of a spodic horizon most likely reduces groundwater pollution by pesticides. Studies to assess fixation capacity and desorption kinetics in Bh horison seem warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335954
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soil properties and distributions of invertebrates and bacteria from King George Island (Arctowski Station), maritime Antarctic (1997)
    Springer
    Polar biology 18 (1997), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Soils of the Admiralty Bay region at King George Island, maritime Antarctic are described and analysed for invertebrates and microorganisms. Results showed a great variety of soils: cambisols, umbrisols, regosols, podzols, leptosols, gleysols and relic ornithogenic soils were found. Surface layers, especially of cambisols, umbrisols and podzols, showed a diverse fauna, governed by nematodes, collemboles and mites. The bacterial flora is analysed for total counts and biomass distribution in different layers using epifluorescence microscopy. Influences of soil organic matter can be described by different patterns of mean bacterial cell volumes related to soil cover and depth distributions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003000050191
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molekülstruktur, elektrochemisches verhalten und NK XANES von 1,4-Bis(pyrrol-1-yl-carbonyl)benzol (1997)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 128 (1997), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: 1,4-bis(pyrrol-1-yl-carbonyl)benzene ; Synthesis ; Molecular structure ; Cyclovoltammetry ; NK XANES
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The molecular structure and the cyclovoltammetric behaviour of 1,4-bis(pyrrol-1-yl-carbonyl)benzene (1) are described. The X-ray absorption spectrum of1 (NK XANES) is investigated with respect to the N1s → π* transitions in comparison with 1H-pyrrole.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Molekülstruktur und das cyclovoltammetrische Verhalten von 1,4-Bis-(pyrrol-1-yl-carbonyl)benzol (1) werden beschrieben. Das Röntgenabsorptionsspektrum von1 (NK XANES) wird bezüglich der N1s → π*-Übergänge im Vergleich mit 1H-Pyrrol untersucht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807887
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-(N-(Thiocarbamoyl)benzimido)-dithiocarbamidsäureester (1996)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 127 (1996), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: S-(N-(Thiocarbamoyl)benzimido)dithiocarbamic esters ; Synthesis ; 13C NMR spectroscopy ; Side reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The synthesis of the title compounds3 (R 1=R 2=C2H5;n-C4H9) by reactions of N-(N′,N′-diethylthiocarbamoyl)benzimidechloride (2) with sodiumdialkyldithiocarbamates (1) in acetone is described. The low yields (〈25%) are caused by the occurrence of side reactions. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR,1H and13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Side reactions were detected by13C NMR spectroscopy; the results are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Synthese der Titelverbindungen3 (R 1=R 2=C2H5;n-C4H9) durch Reaktionen von N-(N′,N′-Diethylthiocarbamoyl)-benzimidoylchlorid (2) mit Natriumdialkyldithiocarbamaten (1) in Aceton wird beschrieben. Die niedrigen Ausbeuten (bis 25% d.Th.) sind durch Nebenreaktionen bedingt. Die Strukturen der Verbindungen werden durch IR-,1H-NMR-,13C-NMR-und Massenspektren bestätigt. Nebenreaktionen werden13C-NMR-spektroskopisch verfolgt und die Ergebnisse diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00813794
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molekülstrukturen von Kupfer(II)- und Eisen(III)-Chlorokomplexen mit di- und monoprotoniertem N-(Pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylendiamin-N,N′,N′-triacetat (H2pedta-; Hpedta2-)Professor Eberhard Hoyer zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 707-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Copper(II) chelate complex ; iron(III) chelate complex ; edta-type ligands ; chelates ; X-ray structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Molecular Structures of Copper(II) and Iron(III) Chloro Complexes with di- and monoprotonated N-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′,N′-triacetate (H2pedta-; Hpedta2-)The molecular structures of two complexes of di- and monoprotonated N-(pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′,N′ -triacetate (pedta3-) with CuII and FeIII as central atoms have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Both complexes have a distorted octahedral coordination with H2pedta- and Hpedta2- as pentadentate ligands and a chloride ion occupying the sixth coordination site. The different oxidation states of the central atoms result in a completely different coordination behaviour of the carboxyl groups. In both complexes one of the —CH2—COOH groups is uncoordinated. In the FeIII complex, the central atom is coordinated by the hydroxylic O atoms of the deprotonated carboxyl groups. Contrary to this in the CuII complex, the central atom is coordinated by the carbonylic O atoms. One of the coordinated carboxyl groups is protonated and the other is deprotonated. All protonated carboxyl groups in both complexes form intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
    Notes: Die Molekülstrukturen zweier Komplexe von di- bzw. monoprotoniertem N-(Pyrid-2-ylmethyl)ethylendiamin-N,N′,N′-triacetat (pedta3-) mit CuII bzw. FeIII als Zentralatome wurden durch Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse bestimmt. Beide Komplexe haben eine verzerrt oktaedrische Koordination, in der H2pedta- bzw. Hpedta2- als fünfzähnige Liganden wirken. Die sechste Koordinationsstelle wird durch ein Chlorid-Ion besetzt. Die unterschiedliche Oxidationsstufe der Zentralatome führt zu einem unterschiedlichen Koordinationsverhalten der Carboxylgruppen. In beiden Komplexen ist eine der —CH2—COOH-Gruppen unkoordiniert. Im FeIII-Komplex erfolgt die Koordination über die hydroxylischen O-Atome der deprotonierten Carboxylgruppen. Im Gegensatz dazu beobachtet man im CuII-Komplex Koordination über die carbonylischen O-Atome, wobei eine der beiden Carboxylgruppen protoniert und die andere deprotoniert vorliegt. Von allen protonierten Carboxylgruppen in beiden Komplexen gehen intermolekulare Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen aus.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preconcentration and voltammetric behaviour of Ag+ at carbon paste electrodes modified by N-benzoyl-N′,N′-di-i-butyl-thiourea (1996)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 356 (1996), S. 263-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The preconcentration of silver at carbon paste electrodes (CPE) modified with N-benzoyl-N′,N′-di-i-butyl-thiourea and its subsequent voltammetric determination is studied with test solutions. The preconcentration of silver at the surface of the modified CPE succeeds as well with open circuits as with applied potentials. The amount preconcentrated depends on the electrode potential with a maximum at +0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, thus enabling the preconcentration of silver without cathodic treatment. The detection limit is in the order of 10–4 mmol/l Ag+. The surface reactions during the preconcentration are discussed. It is assumed that silver complexes of the modifier are formed in a fast reaction followed by a slow reaction with participation of silver and of carbon surface groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0021663560263
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ligand Properties of N-Acyl-thiocarbamic-O-alkylesters - A new class of aza-analogous 1,3-thioxoketones (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 337 (1995), S. 184-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0941-1216
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of six N-benzoyl-thiocarbamic-O-alkylesters (R=Me, Et, i-Pr, Benzyl, n-Hex, n-Dodec; 1-6) has been prepared and characterized. They are weak monoprotic acids. The compounds behave as fairly stable and versatile bidentate (O,S)-chelating ligands towards multivalent metal ions e. g. Ni(II), Cu(II), Pb(II) the stability constants of which have been determined in 75 vol% dioxane/water. The molecular structure of bis(O-ethyl-N-benzoylthiocarbamato)nickel(II) 2a is presented. The coordination of the nickel atom is square planar with the two sulphur atoms in cis position.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19953370141
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N,N-Dialkylierte N′-Ferrocenoylthioharnstoffe und Ferrocen-1,1′-dicarbonsäure-di-N,N-dialkyl-thioureide als Liganden für Übergangsmetalle: Darstellung, pH-potentiometrische, röntgenkristallstrukturanalytische und EPR-EinkristalluntersuchungenProfessor Eberhard Hoyer zum 65. Geburtstag gewidmet (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 692-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Ferrocene ; Thioureas ; Chelates ; X-Ray Structure ; EPR-Single Crystal ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N,N-Dialkyl-N′-ferrocenoylthioureas and Ferrocene-1,1′ -dicarbonic-acid-di-N,N-dialkylthioureides as Ligands for Transition Metals: Synthesis, Acid-Dissociation Constants, X-Ray Structure Determination, and EPR-Single Crystal InvestigationReaction of ferrocenoylisothiocyanate or ferrocene-1,1′ -dicarbonic acid -diisothiocyanate with secondary amines gives N,N-dialkyl-N′ -ferrocenoylthioureas or the respective ferrocene-1,1′-dicarbonic acid-di-N,N-dialkyl-thioureides. The former yield neutral complexes with transition metal ions (Ni2+, Cu2+, Co3+, Pt2+, Fe3+). The acid dissociation constants of the ligands were determined. The EPR spectra of a bis-(N,N-dinbutyl-N′-ferrocenoylthioureato)copper(II) single crystal are discussed. The X-ray structure determination of ferrocene-1,1′-dicarbonic acid-di-N,N-diethyl-thioureide and its different behaviour against Ni2+ and Cu2+ is presented.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Ferrocenoylisothiocyanat bzw. Ferrocen-1,1′-dicarbonsäure-diisothiocyanat mit sekundären Aminen führt zu den entsprechenden N,N-dialkylierten N′-Ferrocenoylthioharnstoffen bzw. zu Ferrocen-1,1′-dicarbonsäure-di-N,N-dialkyl-thioureiden. Erstere bilden mit Übergangsmetallionen (Ni2+, Cu2+, Co3+, Pt2+, Fe3+) Neutralkomplexe. Die Säuredissoziationskonstanten der Liganden werden angegeben. Eine Einkristall-EPR-Untersuchung des Bis-(N,N-dinbutyl-N′ -ferrocenoylthioureato)kupfer(II) wird diskutiert. Die Röntgenkristallstrukturanalyse von Ferrocen-1,1′-dicarbonsäure-di-N,N-diethyl-thioureid und dessen unterschiedliches Verhalten gegenüber Ni2+ und Cu2+ werden erörtert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220421
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