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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Key words Venous air embolism ; Neurosurgery ; Doppler sensor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of a newly applied transoesophageal ultrasonic Doppler sensor for detection of air with the traditional precordial ultrasonic Doppler sensor in clinical use. Methods: We studied 16 patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures in a sitting position. Two ultrasonic Doppler devices were compared as to their ability to detect venous air embolisms (VAE): transoesophageal (ODM II, co. Abbott) versus a precordial ultrasonic Doppler sensor (Parks Medical Electronics Inc.). After establishing general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation, we applied an ultrasonic Doppler sensor to the right sternal border of the patient’s chest and inserted an ultrasonic Doppler probe into the oesophagus. With the patient in the sitting position, microparticularly d-galactose was injected to verify the efficacy of both ultrasonic Doppler devices. Results: Using ODM II by positioning the probe toward the azygos vein, a dosage of 1 ml microparticularly d-galactose was dedected in every patient. When adjusting the ODM II-probe on the right myocardial wall or using the precordial ultrasonic Doppler sensor, the administration of microparticularly d-galactose was detected by the devices in only 11 patients. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a transoesophageal ultrasonic Doppler sensor (ODM II) is more efficient than the precordial ultrasonic Doppler sensor for monitoring patients who are at risk of VAE by sonification of the azygos vein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Zerebrovenöse Oxymetrie ; Bulbus venae jugularis ; Zerebraler Perfusionsdruck ; Zerebraler Blutfluß ; Key words Brain ; Intracranial pressure ; Oxygen ; Saturation ; Fibreoptic oximetry ; Cerebral blood-flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The reliability of continuous fibreoptic oximetry in cerebral venous blood and its correlation with intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressures (pressure-volume curve) were examined in an experimental porcine study. Methods: The pressure in the infratentorial compartment of 13 domestic pigs (18–24 kg) was gradually increased by inflating a Fogarty balloon catheter placed on the surface of the right cerebellar hemisphere and below the tentorium. Single volumes of 0.4 ml saline were injected into the inflatable balloon at 1-min intervals up to a total volume of 7 ml. Intracranial pressure (ICP), arterial blood pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), and cerebral venous saturation measured continuously by fibreoptic oximetry and intermittent blood-gas analyses (SjO2 superior sagittal sinus) were monitored during balloon inflation. All data were downloaded onto a PC and evaluated off-line by a commercial statistical software package. Results: Over the whole pressure-volume curve, two phases of SjO2 behaviour were registered by continuous fibreoptic oximetry (Oximetrix 3, Abbott) (Fig. 1). CPP ranges of less than 50% reduction from the initial value showed a linear correlation (r mittl. =0.712, P〈0,01) between both parameters (CPP−SjO2). In CPP ranges below a crucial point of about 50 mmHg no such correlation was found (r mittl =0.176, P〉0.5). In contrast, in 3 pigs a very good correlation was found between CPP and SjO2 over the whole pressure-volume curve as measured by blood-gas analyses of samples from the cerebrovenous catheter (r mittl. =0.84, P〈0.05). Discussion: We conclude that in physiological CPP ranges down to 50 mmHg, SjO2 measurement is a reliable method of detecting oxygen desaturation in cerebrovenous blood. Below that CPP value, the fibreoptic catheter showed repeated false-high oxygen saturation values. The accuracy of SjO2 measurement seems to depend on sufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF): with decreasing CBF the amount of cerebral venous outflow is diminished. We believe this is why we could not find a correlation in low CPP ranges with the oximetry catheter. This flow-dependency is a new aspect of fibreoptic cerebrovenous oximetry. The authors recommend that rising SjO2 values after desaturation events be confirmed by blood-gas analyses.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Beziehung zwischen dem zerebralen Perfusionsdruck (CPP) und der zerebrovenösen Sauerstoffsättigung des Hämoglobins (SjO2) oberhalb eines Perfusionsdrucks von 50 mm Hg (Versuchsabschnitt A) und unterhalb eines Perfusionsdrucks von 50 mm Hg (Versuchsabschnitt B) wurde an einem standardisierten Tiermodell bei 13 Schweinen (18–24 kg) untersucht. Methode: Eine schrittweise Hirndrucksteigerung erfolgte durch einen infratentoriell plazierten Fogarty-Ballonkatheter. Die SjO2 wurde kontinuierlich mit einem im Sinus sagittalis superior befindlichen fiberoptischen Oxymetriekatheter gemessen. Punktuelle Blutgasanalysen (10 Messungen/Tier) sind bei 3 Tieren über den gesamten Hirndruckverlauf durchgeführt worden. Ergebnisse: Für den Versuchsabschnitt A konnte ein mittlerer Korrelationskoeffizient für den Zusammenhang CPP mit SjO2 von rmittl.=0,712 (p〈0,01) und für den Versuchsabschnitt B ein rmittl.=0,176 (p〉0,5) gefunden werden. Die Korrelation der durch punktuelle Blutgasanalysen über die gesamte Druck-Volumenkurve erhaltene Hämoglobinsättigung zum CPP betrug im Mittel rmittl=0,84 (p〈0,05). Schlußfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse der Blutgasanalysemessungen bestätigen den engen Zusammenhang zwischen CPP und SjO2. Im Versuchsabschnitt A ließ sich dieser Zusammenhang auch durch die kontinuierliche Katheteroxymetrie darstellen. Unterhalb eines kritischen CPP von 50 mm Hg im Versuchsabschnitt B drückt die fehlende Korrelation der Beziehung CPP – SjO2 eine Einschränkung der Meßmethodik mittels spektroskopischer Katheteroxymetrie aus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) ; Hirntemperatur ; Monitoring ; Ischämie ; Key words Brain ; Temperature ; Cerebrovenous ; Monitoring ; Cerebral blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Hypothermia has a considerable protective effect during brain ischemia. On the other hand small increases of brain temperature have a remarkable effect on the exacerbation of neurological damage following an ischemic event. Hyperthermia of the brain tissue after severe head injury is described. The effect of acutely increased intracranial pressure on cerebrovenous blood temperature is not described yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between temperature in the cerebrovenous compartment (Tcv) and changes of the CPP in an animal model of raised intracranial pressure. Methods: A thermocouple was inserted in the sagittal sinus in 9 pigs under general anesthesia. By stepwise inflating a supracerebral and infratentorial placed balloon catheter intracranial pressure (ICP) was increased and CPP concomitantly decreased. The central body temperature was measured simultaneously in the abdominal aorta (Ta) with a second thermocouple. Results: In our model th Tcv was lower than Ta at the beginning of the ICP increase. The mean difference between Ta and Tcv, (ΔTa-cv) was 0,86° C (±0,44) prior to ICP increase and 1,19° C (0,58) at the maximum ICP increase. Thus, ΔTav increased during CPP reduction. This relation was represented by an adjusted R(square) of r2=0.89 (p〈0,001). Conclusions: The CPP decrease, caused by an increasing ICP, results in changes of the cerebrovenous blood temperature. Interpreting the present results the experimental situation of a relative colder cerebral compartment in comparison to the central body temperature has to be considered. However, the results imply, that simultaneous temperature monitoring of the central body temperature and the cerebrovenpus blood temperature is an additional source of information about relative changes of the CBF.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Patienten nach einem primären Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) sind durch die Entwicklung einer sekundären Ischämie gefährdet. Die Genese des konsekutiven Abfalls der Hirntemperatur im Zusammenhang mit zerebralen Ischämien und resultierender neuronaler Schädigung ist weitgehend unbeschrieben. Auf der anderen Seite gewinnt die Überwachung der Hirntemperatur insbesondere bei Patienten nach SHT im Rahmen eines multimodalen Monitorings oder die einer kontrollierten Hypothermie zugeführt werden, zunehmend an Wichtigkeit. Ziel: Zielstellung der vorliegenden Untersuchung war es, tierexperimentell zu überprüfen, ob die kontinuierliche globale Hirntemperaturmessung im zerebrovenösen Blut eine Beziehung zu Veränderungen des Cerebralen Perfusionsdrucks (CPP) aufweist und somit bei der Temperaturmessung in diesem Kompartiment eine Blutflußabhängigkeit zu beachten ist. Material: In 9 anästhesierten und kontrolliert beatmeten Schweinen wurde zur kontinuierlichen Temperaturmessung im Sinus sagittalis eine Temperatursonde plaziert (Tcv). Gleichzeitig wurde die zentrale Körpertemperatur in der A. abdominalis (Ta) gemessen. Die Hirndruckerhöhung erfolgte durch schrittweise Kochsalzinjektion in einen infratentoriell plazierten Fogarty Ballon Katheter. Ergebnisse: Die Hirndruckerhöhung führte bei allen Versuchstieren zu einem reproduzierbaren CPP-Abfall unterhalb 50 mm Hg: Der lineare Korrelationskoeffizient zwischen CPP und ICP betrug rmittl=0,79 (p〈0,001). In unserem Experiment fanden wir im Vergleich zur Körperkerntemperatur bereits am Beginn der Beobachtungsperiode bei allen Tieren eine niedrigere zerebrovenöse Temperatur. Die mittlere Differenz (m-ΔTa-cv) aus arterieller Temperatur (Ta) und Tcv betrug zu diesem Meßzeitpunkt 0,88° C (±0,44) und zum Zeitpunkt des maximalen Hirndrucks m-ΔTa-cv=1,19° C (±0,58). Für die nicht lineare Beziehung zwischen ΔTa-cv und CPP errechnete sich ein Bestimmtheitsmaß (r2) r2=0.89 (p〈0,001). Schlußfolgerungen: Die Temperaturmessung im zerebrovenösen Abfluß zeigte in unserem Tiermodell eine enge Beziehung zum aktuellen CPP während des Hirndruckversuchs und wird somit durch relative Änderungen des CBF beeinfluß. Diese Tatsache ist bei Temperaturmessungen zur Verlaufsbeobachtung der globalen Hirntemperatur in diesem Kompartiment zu berücksichtigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 37 (1990), S. 877-882 
    ISSN: 0960-0760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy Section 49 (1993), S. 1495-1497 
    ISSN: 0584-8539
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 184 (1989), S. 396-406 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0301-0104
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 8 (2001), S. 695-697 
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements are complicated in the presence of heavy atoms. In these cases the structure factors are mainly influenced by the heavy scatterers and the error in determination of atomic coordinates increases for light atoms. The difficulties grow if the unit cell dimensions or the space group symmetry remain uncertain. If the structure model is similar to the correct structure, it is difficult to find an independent criterion for the accuracy of the bond-length determination. We demonstrate that extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is a useful tool for the investigation of local bond lengths in the environment of heavy atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 10 (1856), S. 209-215 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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