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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Recombinant fusion proteins offer important new therapeutic approaches for the future. This report describes the use of three different genetic strategies (i.e. “mono-”, “bi-” and “tri-cistronic” vectors) to achieve stable secretion from BHK cells of a glycosylated antibody-cytokine fusion protein designed for use in anti-tumour therapy. It describes selection of a robust and effective production cell line based on stability of secretion of the product, quality of mRNA and protein products and performance in in vitro bioassays for potency. The data obtained at this stage were utilised in the selection of a suitable candidate production cell line. The relative productivity and general performance of the cells in stirred tank and fixed bed culture systems indicated that a variety of cell culture technologies provided robust tools for production of a highly selected cell clone. Consistency of the product glycosylation was determined by analysis of released oligosaccharides using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation – time of flight mass spectrometry and high-performance anion exchange chromatography. These investigations showed consistent expression of three glycoforms of the fusion protein which varied in their relative proportions in different culture systems and at different time points in a fixed bed reactor with continuous perfusion. In conclusion, this study dealt with a range of important scientific and technical issues which are essential for regulatory approval and commercial success of a recombinant protein and elucidates some useful markers for process development for similar recombinant biologicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Primary and secundary form of Baker's cyst ; Extirpation. ; Schlüsselwörter: Primäre und sekundäre Baker-Cyste ; Exstirpation.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. In der Unfallchirurgischen Universitätsklinik Köln wurden von 1988 bis 1997 19 Patienten an einer Baker-Cyste operiert. Die subjektiven und objektiven Ergebnisse wurden mit Hilfe eines Fragebogens sowie einer klinischen und sonographischen Nachuntersuchung erfaßt (Rücklauf: 95 %). Der präoperative Status wurde durch klinische Untersuchung, Sonographie und Anfertigung von Röntgenaufnahmen des Kniegelenks ermittelt. Wir differenzierten zwischen der angeborenen primären Cyste (39 %) und der sekundären Form, die immer mit einer Kniebinnenpathologie assoziiert ist (61 %). Bei allen sekundären Cysten wurde eine Arthroskopie durchgeführt. Als postoperative Komplikationen traten in einem Fall ein revisionspflichtiges Hämatom und in einem anderen Fall ein punktionspflichtiger Erguß auf. Das Operationsergebnis wurde von 61 % der Patienten mit „sehr gut“ und von 39 % mit „gut“ bewertet. Alle nachuntersuchten Kniegelenke waren passiv und aktiv frei beweglich. In einem Fall kam es zu einem Rezidiv. Nach unserer klinischen Erfahrung sollten primäre Baker-Cysten immer entfernt werden. Bei der sekundären Cyste muß neben der Exstirpation die Bedeutung der arthroskopischen Diagnostik und Therapie sowie der Sanierung der Grundkrankheit diskutiert werden.
    Notes: Summary. Baker's cysts were treated operatively in 19 patients in the Department of Traumatology of the University of Cologne from 1988 to 1997. The subjective and objective results were evaluated with a questionnaire and a clinical examination and sonography (follow-up: 95 %). All patients were examinated before surgery, sonography and X-ray of the knee were performed. We differentiated between the congenital primary cyst (39 %), and the secondary form, which was always associated with an intraarticular lesion (61 %). Arthroscopy was performed in all secondary forms of Baker's cyst. Postoperative complications were two reinterventions due to one hematoma and one effusion. Patient's evaluation of operation result was “excellent” in 61 % and “good” in 39 % of cases. All knee joints had a full range of motion. There was only one case of a recurrent cyst. The primary form of Baker's cyst has always to be extirpated, according to our clinical experience. The extirpation of the secondary Baker's cyst and the relevance of arthroscopy and treatment of the basic disease have to be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Manganese ; Positron emission tomography ; Tracer kinetic modeling ; Myocardial perfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There is a need for a quantitative myocardial perfusion agent that does not require an on-site cyclotron. Early studies with manganese demonstrated that this trace metal is of potential use for myocardial imaging.52mMn can be produced in a52Fe-52mMn generator and is suitable for positron emission tomographic (PET) imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate52mMn with regard to its potential to quantitatively assess myocardial perfusion. Dynamic PET imaging was performed in six pigs with various doses of dipyridamole to increase blood flow. Retention (R) and model-basedK 1 values were correlated with microsphere blood flow. The models consisted of one (K 1,k 2) and two (K 1,k 2,k 3) tissue compartments. Anterior, lateral and septal regions showed a good myocardium-to-background ratio; the evaluation of the inferior wall was impaired by high liver uptake. Linear regression yielded the following equations:K 1=1.152 flow+0.059 (r=0.92),R=0.069 flow+0.034 (r=0.84). Based on these regressions,K 1 increased 2.7-fold andR 2.6-fold in the examined flow range of 0.5–2 ml/min/g (fourfold increase), demonstrating an underestimation of higher flow rates by both measures. It is concluded that52mMn allows the qualitative assessment of myocardial perfusion but does not meet the requirements of a quantitative myocardial perfusion agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-044X
    Keywords: Key words Metacarpal fracture • Analysis of literature • Conservative treatment • Operation ; Schlüsselwörter Mittelhandbruch • Literaturrecherche • Konservative Therapie • Operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Da auch heutzutage die Behandlung der Mittelhandbrüche kontrovers diskutiert wird, wurde eine Literaturanalyse durchgeführt, um die unterschiedlichen Therapien, Indikationen und deren Ergebnisse aufzuzeigen. Aus der Literatur vom 1. 1. 1984–31. 03. 1996 wurden Daten von 1602 nachuntersuchten Patienten verglichen; 522 operativ versorgte Patienten wurden mit Kirschner (K)-Drähten, Schrauben, Plättchen, Cerclage oder Minifixateur externe behandelt. Die konservativen Ansätze reichen von der Immobilisation bis hin zu unterschiedlichsten frühfunktionellen Methoden mit verschiedensten Hilfsmitteln oder gar ohne jede Fixation des Bruches. Die frühfunktionelle Therapie mit einem Brace kam bei 95 % zu sehr guten und guten Ergebnissen, hatte aber eine Therapieabbruchrate von bis zu 23 % aufgrund von lokalen Druckstellen und Hautnekrosen (3 %). Die teilweise Ruhigstellung mit unterstützendem Handcast, Tape etc. kam bei 94 % zu sehr guten und guten Ergebnissen. Hierbei traten keine Komplikationen auf. Jeweils 85 % sehr gute und gute Resultate erzielten die operativen Verfahren und die Immobilisationsbehandlung. Die Reposition von Mittelhandknochen (MHK)-V-Frakturen hatte nur bei 15 % der Patienten Erfolg. Metarkapalefrakturen mit Dislokationen unter 30 °, einer Verkürzung von weniger als 5 mm, einer Rotationsfehlstellung unter 10 °, keiner Gelenkstufe und ohne relevantes Weichteiltrauma benötigen nach unseren Ergebnissen keine Operation und sollten auch nach den Ergebnissen der Literaturrecherche frühfunktionell behandelt werden. Bei Überschreitung dieser Grenzen ist eine primäre operative Therapie gerechtfertigt. Die Immobilisation von Mittelhandfrakturen über mehr als 3–4 Wochen ist nicht sinnvoll.
    Notes: Summary As the treatment of metacarpal fractures is today still a controversial subject, we conducted an analysis of the literature in order to present the different therapy guidelines, indications, and their results. The data from the follow-up of 1602 patients was taken from literature which dated from 1 January 1984 to 31 March 1996. A total of 522 patients who underwent surgery received K-wires, screws or external minifixateur. The conservative approaches ranged from immobilization to various methods of mobilization with different aids or without fixation of the fracture. The mobilization in a brace provided good to excellent results in 95 % of the cases; however, the failure rate of therapy was 23 % because of local bruises and skin necrosis (3 %). The mobilization with handcast, tape etc. attained good to excellent results in 94 % of the cases. Here, no complications occurred. Both the immobilization treatment and the surgery provided good to excellent results in 85 % of the cases. The reposition of fractures of the fifth metacarpal was successful in only 15 % of the cases. Fractures with dislocations below 30 °, a shortening of less than 5 mm, no rotational displacement or that below 10 °, no articular incongruency, and no relevant soft tissue trauma do not need surgery according to our results and should be treated with early mobilization as suggested by the survey. Beyond these limits a primary surgical therapy is justified. The immobilization of metacarpal fractures over a period of more than 3–4 weeks is not necessary.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 381 (1996), S. 82-87 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Bone distraction ; Segmental transport ; Corticotomy ; Bone defect ; Open fracture ; Complications ; Limb lengthening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei Unterschenkeldefekten 〉4 cm ist eine Spongiosaplastik oder Rippenspananlage zur Überbrückung nicht mehr ausreichend, so daß wir in diesen Fällen seit 1988 eine Kallusdistraktion nach Ilisarov mit externer Fixierung durch Implantate der AO/ASIF durchführen. Bis zum 1. B. 1995 wurden 15 Patienten mit Unterschenkeldefektfrakturen mit der Kallusdistraktion behandelt. Die durchschnittliche Defektgröße betrug 7 cm, so daß über 1 m Röhrenknochen erzeugt werden konnte. Es handelte sich um 11 Männer und 4 Frauen im Durchschnittsalter von 21,3 Jahren. Bei den Defekten war 3mal eine Knochenresektion bei Tumoren erfolgt und 12mal eine zweit- oder drittgradig offene Fraktur vorausgegangen, davon 6mal mit begleitender Osteomyelitis. Im Mittel waren 5,3 Operationen zum Aufbau erforderlich. Die Komplikationsrate betrug 53% bei einer Behandlungszeit von durchschnittlich 1 Jahr. Bei allen abgeschlossenen Behandlungen waren die Endergebnisse exzellent und gut. Eine Amputation konnte in allen Fällen vermieden werden. Kontraindikation bei Anwendung dieses Verfahrens ist eine fehlende Mitarbeit des Patienten. Durch die Kallusdistraktion besteht eine realistische Chance des Extremitätenerhalts bei schwerem Weichteil- und Knochenschaden. Durch die komplette körperliche Reintegrationsmöglichkeit bei erhaltener Extremität kann eine hohe Motivation bei den Patienten erreicht werden.
    Notes: Abstract In open tibial fractures with defects over 4 cm, spongiosaplasty is considered to be insufficient. Since 1988 we have tried to apply Ilisarov's ideas of callus distraction in combination with modern external fixation devices and AO/ASIF implants. By August 1995, 15 patients with severe tibial fractures had been treated. The bone defect averaged 7 cm. Thus, more than 1 m of tubular bone was produced. Eleven male and 4 female patients, averaging 21.3 years in age, were given this treatment. The defect was caused by resection of a malignancy in 3 cases and a second- or third-degree open fracture in 12 cases, accompanied by osteomyelitis in 6 cases. Reconstruction required an average of 5.3 operations. The complication rate was 53%, and the median duration of treatment was about 1 year. The final results were excellent or good. Amputation could be avoided in all instances. This treatment is contra indicated if the patient exhibits a lack of compliance. There is a realistic chance of salvaging the limb in cases of severe soft tissue and bone defects. In terms of economical considerations, this treatment is cost effective. Physical integrity and mobility without aid is the important motivation for these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: cisplatin ; epithelial ovarian cancer ; etoposide ; intraperitoneal chemotherapy ; survival analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: High-dose platinum-based regimens can produce responses inpatients not responding to standard chemotherapy. As in many ovarian cancerpatients the disease remains confined to the peritoneal cavity,intraperitoneal (i.p.) chemotherapy has been applied as an alternativeapproach to increase drug exposure. The delivery of cytotoxic agents to theperitoneal cavity can lead to high drug concentrations intraperitoneallywith less systemic toxicity. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy andtoxicity of high-dose i.p. cisplatin plus etoposide and intravenous sodiumthiosulphate protection in ovarian cancer. Patients and methods: Patients with either a pathologically completeresponse (pCR) after first-line treatment or with persistent disease afterfirst-line platinum-based chemotherapy or abdominal recurrences wereeligible. All intraabdominal lesions had to be 〈2 cm at the start of i.p.treatment. The treatment consisted of etoposide 350 mg/m2 i.p.followed by cisplatin 200 mg/m2 i.p. with intravenous sodiumthiosulphate (4 g/m2 bolus, followed by 12 g/m2over six hours) protection. Four courses of i.p. treatment were administeredin case of pCR and 6 courses otherwise, at four-weekly intervals. Results: The study comprised 29 patients, six patients with pCR, 17patients with persistent disease and six patients with abdominalrecurrences. They received a total of 105 courses of treatment (65%of the scheduled number of courses). Twelve patients completed scheduledtreatment, illustrating its feasibility. In 17 patients treatment had to beprematurely stopped because of inflow obstruction (seven patients), bowelperforation (two patients), renal toxicity (two patients), neurotoxicity(two patients), or malaise and vomiting (four patients). One patient withbowel perforation died of this complication. Severe nausea and vomitingoccurred in 51% of cycles. Leukopenia and thrombopenia grade 3 and 4occurred in 30% and 6% of cycles, respectively. Ototoxicity ofcisplatin was measured by serial tone audiography in 23 patients: only eightpatients (35%) showed significant audiographic changes, although noneof them developed clinical hearing loss. Fifteen patients were evaluable forresponse: four pCR, five PR, two SD, four PD. The median duration of freedomfrom progression was 616 days and the median overall survival 1065 days fromthe start of treatment. Conclusions: High-dose i.p. treatment with cisplatin and etoposide can beassociated with significant toxicities. Major clinical problems are nausea,vomiting, and the formation of intraabdominal adhesions. Intravenous sodiumthiosulphate effectively reduces the systemic toxicity of high-dose cisplatin.The value of high-dose i.p. treatment is uncertain and its routine use cannotbe recommended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fibre chemistry 28 (1996), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 1573-8493
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Technology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conclusions ALCERU, Lyocell, Newcell, and Tencel (the order is alphabetical and not by importance) are thus alternative hydrated cellulose fibres fabricated by a method with a low degree of harmfulness. Is this only a name or is it also a hope, as for viscose wool fibre 60 years ago? In our opinion, this is much more than only the beginning of a new generation of fibres, yarns, thin strips from film, spun articles, etc. Is this perhaps an overestimation again? No, we are convinced that this is the true path to future developments. In research on this type of processing, the goal should not be to replace natural silk, cotton, or chemical fibres, but to create a totally different type of biodegradable material fabricated with a low degree of harmfulness of the process. A multitude of requirements of modern economic development related to the operation and cost-effectiveness of production could be satisfied in this way. During development, we became convinced that fibrillation is not a defect, but instead a positive effect whose use will make it possible to discover new types of materials. And we should now be bold in using these new fibres and yarns for creating new materials. The reports from Courtaulds (Great Britain) concerning the introduction of three installations with a capacity of 50,000 tons a year each and Lenzing (Austria) concerning an installation with a capacity of 40,000 tons a year in the next three years are convincing evidence of the validity of this opinion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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