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  • 1995-1999  (9)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density variations in a one-dimensional granular system (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 8 (1996), S. 3218-3228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work we examine a system of inelastic particles confined to move on a line between an elastic wall and a heat source. Solving a Boltzmann equation for this system leads to an analytic expression for steady state behavior. Numerical simulations show that the system is in fact capable of simultaneously displaying both the uniform density of the analytic solution, and a state in which the particles are collected into a cluster adjacent to the elastic wall. The boundary conditions for the Boltzmann treatment are then reworked to provide a theoretical description of how smooth particle distributions and clumping phenomena can coexist. From this, we gain a prediction for the time scale of clump formation in this system. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869112
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superconducting multiplexer for arrays of transition edge sensors (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 4043-4045 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the design and testing of an analog superconducting time-division multiplexer to instrument large format arrays of low-temperature bolometers and microcalorimeters. The circuit is designed to multiplex an array of superconducting quantum interference devices, thereby simplifying wiring and room temperature electronics. We have fabricated a prototype 8×1 multiplexer chip and show a switching rate of 1 MHz. We calculate that a 32×32 array or larger is feasible. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123255
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low noise high-temperature superconducting bolometers for infrared imaging (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 2125-2127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-temperature superconducting bolometric infrared detectors offer the promise of matching the sensitivity of HgCdTe detectors, but with an extended detection range to longer wavelengths (λ(approximately-greater-than)15μm). We fabricated high-temperature superconducting bolometers using an all-epitaxial micromachining technology based upon a YBa2Cu3Ox thin film on a yttria-stabilized zirconia free-standing 50×50μm2 membrane supported on a LaAlO3 substrate. This structure has simultaneously a low thermal conductance and a low heat capacity. Using this technology, we have made array-compatible pixels for infrared camera applications with optical noise equivalent powers as low as 6.3×10−13 W/(square root of)Hz at 32 Hz. Over more than 1 octave of frequency range, these bolometers are limited by fundamental (chiefly phonon) noise sources rather than excess film noise. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117174
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of ion energy in determination of the sp3 fraction of ion beam deposited carbon films (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 1214-1216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The role of ion energy over the range 5 eV≤E≤20 keV in the production of the dense diamondlike sp3-bonded phase of carbon films deposited from ion beams has been investigated. Films with a significant sp3 component ((approximately-greater-than)40%), as determined by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), can be formed over the wide energy region 30 eV≤E≤10 keV at room temperature. The sp3 fraction is completely suppressed only for E≤10 eV or E≥20 keV. For both cases, this suppression is associated with a sharp increase of the surface roughness, as determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The different nature of the mechanisms responsible for the suppression of sp3 bonding in both the low and high energy regions is discussed. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115973
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amalgam marginal quality assessment: a comparison of seven methods (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary Black's class I classic cavities were cut in 120 sound extracted human premolars and restored with one of two silver amalgams, six different base combinations, with or without cavity varnish and then aged for 3 months or 1 year. Thereafter, the restored teeth were subjected to a bacterial or acid broth in vitro carious challenge for 36 days. Resin cast impressions were made of the restoration margin of each specimen before and after the carious challenge giving a total of 240 replicas. The replicas were examined in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the margins subjected to seven marginal assessment procedures: (i) ranking using micrographs of the margin; (ii) percentage length of marginal discrepancy; (iii) Mjör assessment using six groups; (iv) number of margin segments showing a discrepancy; (v) greatest gap size; (vi) ranking based firstly on gap size and then number of margin segments showing a discrepancy; and (vii) ranking based firstly on gap size and then percentage length of marginal discrepancy. The data from procedures (i), (ii), (vi) and (vii) were examined using one-way ANOVA; a linear logistic statistical analysis examined data from procedures (iii)–(v). Statistical significance was chosen at P〈0.05. It was found that procedure (vii) was able to discriminate between variables to a greater degree than all other procedures. It is recommended that a ranking system based on greatest gap size and percentage length of marginal discrepancy be used to assess marginal quality of amalgam restorations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1997.tb00364.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ENALAPRIL IMPROVES GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN TWO RAT MODELS: A NEW HYPERTENSIVE DIABETIC STRAIN AND A FRUCTOSE-INDUCED HYPERINSULINAEMIC RAT (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, enalapril, on blood pressure and spontaneous blood glucose levels in two rat models: our new diabetic hypertensive rat in which genetic hypertension and diabetes develop following cross-breeding of Cohen diabetic rat (CDR) and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR); and a rat in which hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperlipidaemia were induced by fructose diet.2. The new strain of animal was fed the usual copper-poor sucrose diet, and for 4 weeks received enalapril. The fructose-induced hyperinsulinaemic animals were fed a fructose-enriched diet for 3 weeks, and enalapril 20 mg per kg per day was added to the drinking water for 2 more weeks.3. The new strain of diabetic-hypertensive rats that received enalapril showed a significant decrease in blood pressure level. The fructose-fed animals showed a fall in insulin and blood pressure following the introduction of enalapril to their diet.4. The present study confirms the advantage of the ACE inhibitor enalapril in improving the metabolic parameters of hypertensive diabetic rats, including insulin sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1995.tb02951.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Holocene sea-level highstand in the equatorial Pacific: analysis of the insular paleosea-level database (1998)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 17 (1998), S. 309-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  A review of the literature provides 92 estimates of the middle to late Holocene sea-level highstand on Pacific Islands. These data generally support geophysical model calculations that predict a +1 to 3 m relative sea-level highstand on oceanic islands due to the Earth’s rheological response to the melting of the last continental ice sheets and subsequent redistribution of meltwater. Both predictions and observations indicate sea level was higher than present in the equatorial Pacific between 5000 and 1500 y B.P. A non-linear relationship exists between the age and elevation of the highstand peak, suggesting that different rates of isostatic adjustment may occur in the Pacific, with the highest rates of sea-level fall following the highstand near the equator. It is important to resolve detailed sea-level histories from insular sites to test and refine models of climatic, oceanographic, and geophysical processes including hydroisostasy, equatorial ocean siphoning, and lithospheric flexure that are invoked as mechanisms affecting relative sea-level position. We use a select subset of the available database meeting specific criteria to examine model relationships of paleosea-surface topography. This new evaluated database of paleosea-level positions is also validated for testing and constraining geophysical model predictions of past and present sea-level variations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050132
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lithographic Dipole Antenna Properties at 10 μm Wavelength: Comparison of Method-of-Moments Predictions with Experiment (1998)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 19 (1998), S. 817-825 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Keywords: dipole ; method-of-moments ; lithographic antenna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Dipole antennas designed for operation at 10 μm wavelength have been fabricated by optical lithography and their properties measured by detection of CO2 laser radiation in integrated thin-film bolometers. We find a remarkably strong increase in cross-polarized signal as the antenna linewidth is increased. The measured beam pattern is a saddle point at broadside (local minimum in the H-plane, local maximum in the E-plane) as predicted by standard method-of-moments theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022620322622
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural defects as a result of Zn diffusion into CdTe single crystals (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 4527-4534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The presence of defects in CdZnTe crystals is detrimental for optoelectronic devices fabrication and therefore should be minimized. In this paper we present the characterization of structural defects on the surface and the cross-section of CdTe single crystals that were subjected to high temperature (up to 950 °C) diffusion of Zn. The defects were characterized by various X-ray techniques, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Quantitative data are obtained, a practical solution for reducing the defects is suggested and some implementations are discussed. Further effort is currently being made to investigate the lattice sites which are involved with the diffused Zn atoms near the surface and in the bulk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01153058
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