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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlative SEM/STM Study of Local Electronic Properties in Compound Semiconductors (1998)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 63-64 (Dec. 1998), p. 273-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/26/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.63-64.273.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron beam induced structural changes in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x studied by cathodoluminescence microscopy and secondary electron emission (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 64 (1997), S. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 74.72.Hs; 78.60.Hk; 79.20.Hx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 2 Sr2CaCu2O8+x superconducting ceramics have been irradiated in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the irradiation-induced effects investigated by cathodoluminescence (CL), secondary electron emission (SEE) and X-ray microanalysis. Electron beam irradiation causes a slight Bi depletion and an inhomogeneous Ca distribution. A higher CL intensity emission is found in the irradiated areas, where besides an enhancement of the oxygen content related 2. 4 eV band, another CL bands probably related to new non-superconducting phases induced by irradiation can be observed. SEE yield measurements allow to detect an oxygen depleted region surrounding the irradiated areas. X-ray microanalysis shows that this intermediate region retains the cationic composition of the unaffected material. CL spectra from bright zones inside the same area also show a dominant 2. 4 eV emission band, which supports its relation with oxygen deficiency or rearrangement in high- superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003390050491
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and composition changes in superconducting ceramics locally irradiated by electrons (1997)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 39 (1997), S. 392-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The structural changes and the cation and anion compositions of the surface of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x and Tl2Ba2CuO6+x ceramics after local irradiation for several seconds by an electron probe with an accelerating voltage of 25 kV and a current exceeding 10−7 A are investigated by secondary-electron emission and by cathodoluminescence and x-ray microanalysis in a scanning electron microscope. Morphologically altered regions are detected in the irradiation epicenter, where the structure, chemical composition, and phase composition of the original compound are completely lost. In the intermediate zone between the epicenter and the periphery a distribution of the secondary emission yield is observed with a complex character that differs for the yttrium and thallium ceramics, and anomalies appear in the cathodoluminescence spectra. The experimental data are interpreted on the basis of ideas of oxygen losses under the direct influence of the electron probe and related electronic processes in superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1129876
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative analgesia in herniorrhaphy with local anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care (1998)
    Springer
    Hernia 2 (1998), S. 103-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1248-9204
    Keywords: Postherniorrhaphy pain ; Local anesthesia ; Monitored anesthesia care ; Metamizol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study the authors evaluated the grade of acceptance and the operating conditions of unilateral primary herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia and monitored anesthesia care (MAC). The amount of pain in the immediate postoperative period was assessed and the efficacy of treatment using a popular non-opiate analgesic, magnesic metamizol, by the oral route was studied. In a period of six months 63 consecutive patients were operated on by the same surgeon using the same technique of hernia repair (Shouldice technique) with local infiltration anesthesia supplemented by MAC in the form of conscious sedation. A mixture of 300 mg of plain mepivacaine and 50 mg of plain bupivacaine was used for infiltration. A standard dose of fentanyl 0.10 mg and midazolam 2 mg was used for conscious sedation. Propofol in continuous infusion was also employed. The average dose of propofol varied from 1–3 mg/kg/h. Conscious level was assessed using a five-point sedation score. A level-3 end point was persued (closed eyes, but answer verbal orders). Pain intensity in the postoperative period was measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain scale (VPS), based on the McGill pain questionnaire. The operating conditions were excellent in all cases except in three patients. In no case conversion to general anesthesia was necessary. In the postoperative period, 5 patients (8%) never felt pain and 58 (92%) felt pain on the average 4 hours 36 minutes after the local infiltration (VAS=2.5; VPS=1.45). Of the 58 patients 49 took the first dose of oral analgesic 6 hours 40 minutes after infiltration (VAS=4; VPS=1.97). All patients were satisfied with the anesthetic-surgical technique and were ready to repeat the experience. However, when the patients took the second dose of oral analgesic 28% of them had moderate pain and 9% severe pain. Our conclusions are that local infiltration with MAC is a valid and satisfying experience for both the patient and the surgeon. Nevertheless, further attempts should be made to better the postoperative pain relief when the oral route is elected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250022
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymmetric water-oil-amphiphile mixtures: Lamellar phases and droplet microemulsions (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 1152-1161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A continuum microscopic model for symmetric amphiphilic mixtures, is generalized by considering explicitly water-oil asymmetry, through the interactions between amphiphiles and water and oil. The phase diagram, including lamellar phases, and the properties of water-oil interfaces are studied, using an approximate free energy density-functional, for a wide range of amphiphilic interactions. We also consider the structure and stability of spherical micelles and study the dilute micellar regime. By combining the microscopic density-functional description with the phenomenologic Helfrich elastic free energy, we calculate the elastic properties of the amphiphilic film. Our results for the elastic constant, ks=2k+k¯, are compared with experimental data. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.476660
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical characterization of ZnO ceramics by scanning tunneling spectroscopy and beam-induced current in the scanning tunneling microscope (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 1874-1877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A correlative study of the electrically active grain boundary structure of ZnO polycrystals has been carried out using a scanning electron microscope/scanning tunneling microscope (SEM/STM) combined instrument. Current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) measurements reveal reduced surface band gaps, as compared with grain interiors, at the charged boundaries imaged by SEM-based remote electron beam induced current (REBIC). ZnO grain boundaries were also imaged in the STM-REBIC mode with a resolution of up to 20 nm. The contrast differences observed in the SEM-REBIC and STM-REBIC images are discussed in terms of the different experimental conditions used in both techniques. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370982
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remote electron beam induced current imaging of electrically active regions in YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals (1997)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 71 (1997), S. 2830-2832 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Remote electron beam induced current (REBIC) measurements have been carried out to investigate electrically active regions in YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals. Enhanced REBIC contrast, found in growth steps and other topographic features of the samples, is discussed in terms of charged oxygen-related defects. The capability of REBIC to image structural inhomogeneities caused by strain or plastic deformation in these crystals is also established. Charge carrier diffusion length has been estimated at different temperatures from REBIC linescan profiles. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120419
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homogeneity assessment of YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals by cathodoluminescence microscopy (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 998-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cathodoluminescence (CL) of YBa2Cu3O7−x single crystals has been investigated in the scanning electron microscope. Some regions of the crystals, generally related to steps or other growth features, show enhanced CL intensity. Spectra show the presence of two emission bands centered at about 2.85 and 2.3–2.4 eV, respectively. In the regions of higher CL intensity, the 2.3 eV band, which has been attributed to defects in the oxygen sublattice, shows a higher relative intensity. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362913
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of charged defects in CdxHg1−xTe and CdTe crystals by electron beam induced current and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2129-2131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A correlative study of the electrically active defects of CdxHg1−xTe and CdTe crystals has been carried out using a scanning electron microscope/scanning tunneling microscope (SEM/STM) combined system. Charged structural and compositional defects were revealed by the remote electron beam induced current (REBIC) mode of the scanning electron microscope. The electronic inhomogeneities of the samples were analyzed with nm resolution by current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) measurements, which showed the existence of built-in electrostatic barriers as well as local variations of the surface band gap in the defect areas imaged by REBIC. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121298
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of droplet microemulsions in the semi-dilute regime (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 7646-7651 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We derive a functional of the microemulsion droplets size distribution function by adding the entropic free energy of a system of polydisperse hard spheres to the Helfrich interfacial free energy of the amphiphilic film. The latter is minimized by a monodisperse system of spherical (independent) aggregates, at the equilibrium radius, while the former is minimized by a random distribution of droplet sizes. As a result the equilibrium droplet size distribution yields a mean radius that is smaller than the equilibrium radius of isolated droplets. A link with molecular parameters is established by using our microscopic model for ternary amphiphilic mixtures and a (mean-field) free energy functional of the density profiles [J. Chem. Phys. 109, 1152 (1998)] to calculate the parameters of the Helfrich interfacial free energy for a single droplet. The theoretical results are compared with small-angle neutron scattering data reported by Gradzielski et al. [Phys. Rev. E 53, 3900 (1996)]. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.480090
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