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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Long-term Psychosocial Effects of Infertility (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of obstetric, gynecologic and neonatal nursing 24 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1552-6909
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: To explore the psychosocial effects of infertility and the role that social support plays over time. The major hypothesis was that although infertile persons report less contentment, lower levels of marital and sexual satisfaction, and lower self-esteem over time, those with higher levels of social support will be less affected Design/Setting: Four questionnaires were completed in subjects' own homes, one every 9 months. Participants: Subjects, all of whom perceived themselves as infertile, were recruited through the national newsletter for an infertility support group. Ninety-four subjects entered the study, and 41% of the sample completed it. Main outcome measures: Contentment, marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, self-esteem, sex-role identity, press (the measure of perceived internal and external pressures), and social support. Results: Perceived support (F [3,111] = 4.77, p 〈 0.004), as well as contentment and self-esteem, significantly increased over time (F[3,1111 = 12.03, p 〈 0.0001, andF [3, 1111 = 5.378, p 〈 0.002, respectively). Social support was positively correlated with all dependent measures. Conclusions: Contrary to what was hypothesized, infertile persons experienced increased social support and greater contentment over time. As hypothesized, there was a significant positive relationship between social support and all dependent measures. The positive impact of social support, counseling, and the adoption of strategies to deal with the stress of infertility lends credence to the crucial role nurses can play in helping infertile couples cope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.1995.tb02389.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intellectual outcome in children with malignant tumors of the posterior fossa: influence of the field of irradiation and quality of surgery (1995)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 340-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Malignant tumors of the posterior fossa ; Intellectual outcome ; Radiotherapy to posterior fossa ; Radiotherapy to cerebral hemispheres ; Radial surgery ; Brain stem lesions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the respective parts played by cerebral hemisphere irradiation, posterior fossa irradiation, and surgery in the poor late functional results often observed in children treated for medulloblastoma. To do this we compared the intellectual outcome in a series of 59 children operated on for medulloblastoma, who had received whole-brain irradiation, to that observed in a series of 37 children operated on for ependymoma of the posterior fossa, who had received radiotherapy only on the posterior fossa. Only patients who had survived for more than 2 years without recurrence were included. At the assessment 1 year after treatment, intellectual outcome was somewhat better in the ependymoma group, but the difference was not statistically significant. At the long-term follow-ups at 5 and 10 years the results remained stable in the children treated for ependymoma, around 60% having an IQ above 90, whereas the intellectual level of the children treated for medulloblastoma was seen to have deteriorated progressively: 20% had an IQ above 90 5 years after treatment and only 10% at the 10-year followup. This progressive degradation is most likely due to the irradiation of the cerebral hemispheres, as this prophylactic irradiation constituted the only difference between the two groups. Moreover, irradiation to the posterior fossa did not seem to affect intellectual functions, since in the group of children with ependymomas the proportion of IQs above 90 was high and remained stable over the years. Surgery was certainly responsible for some poor results. The percentage of IQs above 90 observed 1–2 years after treatment was between 70 and 80 when no postoperative complications occurred, and only between 20–40% in the presence of postoperative complications. Postoperative aggravation was in most cases related to a brain-stem lesion. These results encourage the reduction, when possible, of irradiation to the cerebral hemispheres and underline the importance of the quality of surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301666
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Earing and Texture Evolution in Al Can-Sheet (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 217-222 (May 1996), p. 641-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.217-222.641.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recrystallization Textures and Plastic Anisotropy in Al-Mg-Si Sheet Alloys (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 217-222 (May 1996), p. 479-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.217-222.479.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXAFS Study of Defect Clusters of Highly Er〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 Doped CaF〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Thin Films (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 394-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.315-317.394.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Site-Selective Laser Excitation of Er〈sup〉3+〈/sup〉 Ions in Ca〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Er〈sub〉x〈/sub〉F〈sub〉2+x〈/sub〉 Thin Films (x ≤ 0.01) (1999)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 315-317 (July 1999), p. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/04/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.315-317.387.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ist die Elimination von Osteosarkomzellen durch „maschinelle Autotransfusion“ und LeukozytenDepletionsfilter möglich? (1996)
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 45 (1996), S. 834-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Autologe Transfusion ; maschinelle Autotransfusion ; Leukozyten-Depletionsfilter ; Osteosarkomzellen ; Tumorchirurgie ; Key words Autologous transfusion ; Intraoperative autotransfusion ; White blood cell depletion filter ; Osteosarcoma ; Tumor cells ; Tumor surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Intraoperative autotransfusion is contraindicated in cancer surgery because of the possible risk of systemic tumor spread. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether a cell saver in combination with a white blood cell depletion filter can remove osteosarcoma cells. Methods. A defined number of osteosarcoma cells from an established cell line were added to red cell concentrates and Ringer solution. The tumor cell concentration was 1000/ml in the first five experiments, 7111/ml in test no. 6, 1667/ml in test no. 7 and 167/ml in test no. 8. Following thorough mixing, each unit was processed separately by a cell saver (DIDECO BT 795/P) in its normal operation mode to produce a red cell concentrate. This red cell concentrate was filtered using a leukocyte depletion filter (PALL BPF 4). Samples were taken before and after processing with the autotransfuser and after filtration with the white cell depletion filter. Cytospin specimens from all samples were examined for osteosarcoma cells by three different methods (Papanicolaou stain, Vimentin antibodies, DNA analysis). Results. After processing with the autotransfuser, tumor cells were identified in the red cell concentrate. No osteosarcoma cells were evident after the combined use of cell saver and leukocyte depletion filter. Conclusion. The sole use of the autotransfuser DIDECO BT 795/P during osteosarcoma surgery is not recommended because of the potential danger of retransfusion of malignant cells. In combination with the leukocyte depletion filter PALL BPF 4, no osteosarcoma cells were identified in the red cell concentrate. Since the adhesiveness of tumor cells from established cell lines may be different from that of tumor cells in the intraoperative salvaged blood, further studies with blood from the surgical field are necessary to determine the efficacy of white cell depletion filters to eliminate osteosarcoma cells.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Einsatz der Maschinellen Autotransfusion (MAT) wird in der orthopädischen Tumorchirurgie wegen der Gefahr einer systemischen Tumorzellaussaat als kontraindiziert angesehen. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, ob die MAT in Verbindung mit einem handelsüblichen Leukozyten-Depletionsfilter in der Lage ist, Osteosarkomzellen aus dem Wundblut zu eliminieren. Eine definierte Menge angezüchteter Osteosarkomzellen wird mit einem Erythrozytenkonzentrat und Ringerlösung vermischt. Dieser Versuchsansatz wird mit einem maschinellen Autotransfusionssytem aufbereitet und anschließend durch einen handelsüblichen Leukozyten-Depletionsfilter gefiltert. Standardisierte Proben werden nach der Papanicolaou-Klassifikation, immunzytochemisch (Vimentinexpression) und mit der DNA-Analyse auf Osteosarkomzellen untersucht. Nach der maschinellen Aufbereitung im Autotransfusionsgerät und der Passage des Leukozyten-Depletionsfilters konnten keine Osteosarkomzellen mehr nachgewiesen werden. Im Gegensatz hierzu wurden durch die alleinige Aufbereitung im Autotransfusionsgerät die Osteosarkomzellen nur unzureichend separiert. Obwohl mit den verwendeten Nachweisverfahren keine Tumorzellen im filtrierten Blut mehr nachgewiesen werden konnten, muß bei der Beurteilung der Eliminationsleistung des Leukozyten-Depletionsfilters berücksichtigt werden, daß diese Filter in ihrem eigentlichen Einsatzgebiet lediglich eine definierten Reduktion der Leukozyten bewirken. Darüber hinaus können Tumorzellen aus Zellkulturen ein besonderes Adhäsionsverhalten gegenüber künstlichen Oberflächen aufweisen. Weitere Untersuchungen mit Tumorzellen aus dem Wundblut sind daher notwendig, um den Stellenwert der Leukozyten-Depletionsfilter bei der Elimination von Osteosarkomzellen endgültig beurteilen zu können.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001010050318
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of oxygen metabolism for the pathological phenotype of Fanconi anemia (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 710-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The molecular defect of the hereditary disease Fanconi anemia (FA) remains unknown. The two theoretical possibilities are (1) an impaired DNA crosslink-repair system or (2) a disturbed oxygen metabolism either by overproduction of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) or by diminished detoxification of ROI. In order to gain further insight into the molecular mechanism of this disease, we have determined the repair capacity of FA cells challenged by crosslinking agents and have analyzed diverse biological systems that are involved in oxygen metabolism. We have tested normal and FA cells for oxygen consumption and for the activity of the antioxidant phospholipid-hydroperoxide-glutathione-peroxidase (PHGPx). FA cells show a reduced oxygen consumption and an increased PHGPx activity. Since spontaneous and induced chromosomal instability is a main cellular feature of FA, we have analyzed the redox state of cells and the effect of cytochrome P-450 (Cyt P-450) inhibitors and inducers on chromosomal breaks and micronuclei production. Our results indicate that Cyt P-450 enzymes, especially Cyt P-450 1A2, play a crucial role in radical metabolism in FA cells. Furthermore, we have determined NF-κB activity in untransformed cells and in SV40-transformed cells by gel shift experiments. NF-κB is a multiunit transcription factor that is known to be induced by ROI and that activates the expression of various genes involved in cellular responses to stress. NF-κB is constitutively induced in SV40-transformed FA cells probably as a consequence of an increased ROI level. Our results suggest that enzymatic defects in oxygen metabolism mediate the FA phenotype via impaired reactivity with ROI. Cyt P-450 1A2 appears to be a good candidate for the defective enzyme, even though no differences have been measured in the activity of this enzyme in FA and control fibroblasts in pilot experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050437
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYP2E1-dependent benzene toxicity: the role of extrahepatic benzene metabolism (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 73 (1999), S. 189-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Key words Benzene ; CYP2E1 ; Leukaemia ; Bone marrow ; Extrahepatic metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Benzene, a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, is haematotoxic and myelotoxic. As has been shown earlier, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-dependent metabolism is a prerequisite for the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of benzene, but which of the benzene metabolites produces toxicity is still unknown. The observed differences between the toxicity of benzene and that of phenol, a major metabolite of benzene, could be explained by alternative hypotheses. That is, whether (1) toxic benzene effects are caused by metabolites not derived from phenol (e.g. benzene epoxide, muconaldehyde), which are formed in the liver and are able to reach the target organ(s); or (2) benzene penetrates into the bone marrow, where local metabolism takes place, whereas phenol does not reach the target tissue because of its polarity. To further investigate hypothesis 2, we used various strains of mice (AKR, B6C3F1, CBA/Ca, CD-1 and C57Bl/6), for which different toxic responses have been reported in the haematopoietic system after chronic benzene exposure. In these strains, CYP2E1 expression in bone marrow was investigated and compared with CYP2E1 expression in liver by means of two independent methods. Quantification of CYP2E1-dependent hydroxylation of chlorzoxazone (CLX) by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; functional analysis) was used to characterize specific enzymatic activities. Protein identification was performed by Western blotting using CYP2E1-specific antibodies. In liver microsomes of all strains investigated, considerable amounts of CYP2E1-specific protein and correspondingly high CYP2E1 hydroxylase activities could be detected. No significant differences in CYP2E1-dependent enzyme activities were found between the five strains (range of medians, 4.6–12.0 nmol 6-OH-CLX/[mg protein × min]) in hepatic tissue. In the bone marrow, CYP2E1 could also be detected in all strains investigated. However, chlorzoxazone hydroxylase activities were considerably lower (range of medians, 0.2–0.8 × 10−3 nmol 6-OH-CLX/[mg protein × min]) compared with those obtained from liver microsomes. No significant (P 〉 0.05) interstrain differences in CYP2E1 expression in liver and/or bone marrow could be observed in the mouse strains investigated. The data obtained thus far from our investigations suggest that strain-specific differences in the tumour response of the haematopoietic system of mice chronically exposed to benzene cannot be explained by differences in either hepatic or in myeloid CYP2E1-dependent metabolism of benzene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002040050605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redox modulation of synaptic responses and plasticity in rat CA1 hippocampal neurons (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 113 (1997), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Memory ; Glutamate receptors ; GABA receptors ; Modulatory sites of NMDA receptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Effects of redox reagents on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic responses as well as on the bidirectional plasticity of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) andN-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated synaptic responses were studied in CA1 pyramidal neurons in rat hippocampal slices. The oxidizing agent 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB, 200 μM) did not affect AMPA, GABAA or GABAB receptor-mediated synaptic responses or the activation of presynaptic metabotropic receptors. However, DTNB irreversibly decreased (by approximately 50%) currents evoked by focal application of NMDA. DTNB also decreased the NMDA component of the EPSC. The reversal potential of NMDA currents and the Mg2+ block were not modified. In the presence of physiological concentrations of Mg2+ (1.3 mM), DTNB did not affect the NMDA receptor-dependent induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) or long-term depression (LTD) expressed by AMPA receptors. In contrast, DTNB fully prevented LTP and LTD induced and expressed by NMDA receptors. Plasticity of NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic responses could be reinstated by the reducing agenttris-(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP, 200 μM). These results suggest that persistent, bidirectional changes in synaptic currents mediated by NMDA receptors cannot be evoked when these receptors are in an oxidized state, whereas NMDA-dependent LTP and LTD are still expressed by AMPA receptors. Our observations raise the possibility of developing therapeutic agents that would prevent persistent excitotoxic enhancement of NMDA receptor-mediated events without blocking long-term modifications of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic responses, thought to underlie memory processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450332
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