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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal trends in bromide release following rewetting of a naturally drained gully mire (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〉 60 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〉 300 mg dm-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〈 1 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〈 15 mg dm-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00161.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission Properties of A Plane Fault (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 125 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Continuity conditions are derived for a fault modelled as a plane with isolated areas of slip. These slip areas are, for simplicity, taken to be such that their overall effect is that of a distribution of circular cracks; discontinuities in both normal and tangential components of displacement are allowed, depending on the internal conditions. Dry (gas-filled), partial or saturated liquid fill, or a fill of a weak visco-elastic solid are possible within the theory. the results are given in terms of the mean wave, which, at wavelengths long compared with the scale-lengths of the fault structure, is an accurate approximation to the displacement field. the continuity conditions that arise under this scheme are identical to those for a thin layer of visco-elastic material. However, unlike earlier, more empirical models of an ‘averaged’ fault, the parameters involved are directly related to the fault structure and include crack-crack interactions. It is clear from earlier work that a fault of this type is capable of supporting Stoneley waves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb00018.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanical properties of materials with interconnected cracks and pores (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 124 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper studies the effect on the overall properties of a cracked solid of the existence of connections between otherwise isolated cracks and of small-scale porosity within the ‘solid’ material. The intention is to provide effective medium models for the calculation of elastic wave propagation with wavelengths greater than the dimensions of the cracks. The method follows that of earlier papers in which the overall elastic properties are directly related to parameters governing the microstructure, such as crack number density and the mean radius and spacing distance of the cracks. Expressions derived by the method of smoothing are evaluated to second order in the number density of cracks, thereby incorporating crack–crack interactions through both the strain field in the solid and the flow field of fluids in the pores.Flow of interstitial liquids tends to weaken the material; the limit of zero flow is equivalent to isolating the cracks and the limit of free flow is equivalent to dry (gas-filled) cracks. It also introduces additional attenuation. The inclusion of small-scale porosity gives a model of ‘equant porosity’ which is more closely constrained by the details of crack dynamics than earlier models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb06355.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastic scattered waves from a continuous and heterogeneous layer (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 121 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Elastic scattering from a continuous and laterally unbounded heterogeneous layer has been formulated using the Born approximation. A general solution of the scattered wave equation for the above-stated medium has been given in terms of a Fourier integral over plane waves. Far-field asymptotic expressions for weak elastic scattering by a finite, continuous and inhomogeneous layer have been presented which agree with earlier results. For perturbations of the two elastic parameters and the density having the same form of spatial variation, the spectrum of plane waves scattered from a heterogeneous layer is expressed as a product of an ‘elastic scattering factor’and a ‘distribution factor’. As in earlier results for small-scale heterogeneity, the scattering pattern depends on various combinations of perturbations of elastic parameters and density. In order to show the general characteristics of the elastic wave scattering, some scattering patterns have been given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb03512.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple scattering of elastic waves from a continuous and heterogeneous region (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 126 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: In this paper, we develop an elastodynamic energy transport theory to form expressions for energy transmission through a heterogeneous continuum of large extent. A model of multiple scattering for a random elastic continuum is constructed by an iterative method based on single scattering by a thin heterogeneous layer or screen. This model is available both for strong scattering and for weak scattering, and both for common-type scattering (P-P and S-S) and for converted scattering (P-S and S-P), although here we assume high frequencies so that only forward scattering and common-type scattering are considered. Numerical results have been obtained in terms of the angular spectrum of the energy flux in successive orders of scattering. These results show that coda waves in seismograms mainly come from the scattering of S waves. They also indicate the limits within which first-order scattering can be used, and when, on the other hand, the scattered radiation is dominated by multiple scattering. The results are directly applicable to measurements of seismic energy flux in frequency-surface-wavenumber space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1996.tb04707.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current Technologies for Sludge Treatment and Disposal (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper reviews the current sludge technologies and discusses likely future trends associated with those technologies. It describes the role of thickening, dewatering, pasteurization, stabilization, thermal destruction and product enhancement to satisfy environmental standards. Reference is made to technologies which, for decades, have been associated with sewage sludge but where market conditions have forced R and D initiatives to be introduced and commercialized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1996.tb00077.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the formation of 10-hydroxystearic acid from oleic acid by a ruminal strain of Enterococcus faecalis (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 45 (1996), S. 404-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A ruminal strain of Enterococcus faecalis was characterised with respect to its ability to hydrate oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid. Hydroxy fatty acid was produced after growth had ceased and the carbon source was almost exhausted. Hydroxy fatty acid production was equally rapid whether the inoculum had been grown in the presence of oleic acid or not, and almost complete conversion was achieved when oleic acid was present at a concentration of up to 0.5% (v/v). Incubation under a hydrogen headspace did not result in biohydrogenation of oleic acid. In pH-controlled batch culture the proportion of oleic acid hydrated varied with the pH of incubation, with more hydration at lower pH. Growth was retarded in the presence of 0.1% (v/v) linoleic acid, inhibited by the same concentration of linolenic acid and did not result in the formation of hydrated products from these substrates. If this organism is able to transform oleic acid in the rumen then the only product likely to be formed is 10hydroxystearic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050703
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid by two species of ruminal bacteria (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Bacteria able to convert oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid were isolated from the ovine rumen. The solid hydroxy fatty acid produced from bacterial fermentations containing oleic acid was recovered by filtration, extraction into ether and crystallisation. The identity of the product was confirmed by HPLC and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. One 10-hydroxystearic-acid-producing bacterial group was represented by two strains of an anaerobic gram-negative curved rod with tufts of flagella on the concave surface of the cell. The morphology and other characteristics enabled the strains to be tentatively identified as Selenomonas ruminantium. Another bacterium capable of the same transformation, represented by two strains of a facultatively anaerobic gram positive chain-forming coccus, was identified as Enterococcus faecalis. Since unsaturated fatty acids entering the rumen are normally hydrogenated, hydration of oleic acid represents an alternative fate of unknown significance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164472
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conversion of oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid by two species of ruminal bacteria (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Bacteria able to convert oleic acid to 10-hydroxystearic acid were isolated from the ovine rumen. The solid hydroxy fatty acid produced from bacterial fermentations containing oleic acid was recovered by filtration, extraction into ether and crystallisation. The identity of the product was confirmed by HPLC and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. One 10-hydroxystearic-acid-producing bacterial group was represented by two strains of an anaerobic gram-negative curved rod with tufts of flagella on the concave surface of the cell. The morphology and other characteristics enabled the strains to be tentatively identified as Selenomonas ruminantium. Another bacterium capable of the same transformation, represented by two strains of a facultatively anaerobic gram positive chain-forming coccus, was identified as Enterococcus faecalis. Since unsaturated fatty acids entering the rumen are normally hydrogenated, hydration of oleic acid represents an alternative fate of unknown significance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050511
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and localization of Chlamydia pneumoniae in the Alzheimer's brain (1998)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 187 (1998), S. 23-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Chlamydia ; Alzheimer's disease ; Inflammation ; Dementia ; Infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We assessed whether the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae was present in post-mortem brain samples from patients with and without late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), since some indirect evidence seems to suggest that infection with the organism might be associated with the disease. Nucleic acids prepared from those samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for DNA sequences from the bacterium, and such analyses showed that brain areas with typical AD-related neuropathology were positive for the organism in 17/19 AD patients. Similar analyses of identical brain areas of 18/19 control patients were PCR-negative. Electron- and immunoelectron-microscopic studies of tissues from affected AD brain regions identified chlamydial elementary and reticulate bodies, but similar examinations of non-AD brains were negative for the bacterium. Culture studies of a subset of affected AD brain tissues for C. pneumoniae were strongly positive, while identically performed analyses of non-AD brain tissues were negative. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using RNA from affected areas of AD brains confirmed that transcripts from two important C. pneumoniae genes were present in those samples but not in controls. Immunohistochemical examination of AD brains, but not those of controls, identified C. pneumoniae within pericytes, microglia, and astroglia. Further immunolabelling studies confirmed the organisms' intracellular presence primarily in areas of neuropathology in the AD brain. Thus, C. pneumoniae is present, viable, and transcriptionally active in areas of neuropathology in the AD brain, possibly suggesting that infection with the organism is a risk factor for late-onset AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004300050071
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