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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 90 (1968), S. 648-651 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 37 (1965), S. 1240-1241 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 131 (1989), S. 551-576 
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Composite materials ; elastic waves ; cracked materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper will summarise the present state of knowledge concerning the elastic and dissipative properties of composite materials in the long wavelength or static approximation. In this case the material, although containing numerous inclusions or cracks or other types of microstructure, can be regarded as a continuum. Established results are listed for the elastic parameters following a review of approximate and exact methods of their derivation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words Chlamydia ; Alzheimer's disease ; Inflammation ; Dementia ; Infection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We assessed whether the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia pneumoniae was present in post-mortem brain samples from patients with and without late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), since some indirect evidence seems to suggest that infection with the organism might be associated with the disease. Nucleic acids prepared from those samples were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for DNA sequences from the bacterium, and such analyses showed that brain areas with typical AD-related neuropathology were positive for the organism in 17/19 AD patients. Similar analyses of identical brain areas of 18/19 control patients were PCR-negative. Electron- and immunoelectron-microscopic studies of tissues from affected AD brain regions identified chlamydial elementary and reticulate bodies, but similar examinations of non-AD brains were negative for the bacterium. Culture studies of a subset of affected AD brain tissues for C. pneumoniae were strongly positive, while identically performed analyses of non-AD brain tissues were negative. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays using RNA from affected areas of AD brains confirmed that transcripts from two important C. pneumoniae genes were present in those samples but not in controls. Immunohistochemical examination of AD brains, but not those of controls, identified C. pneumoniae within pericytes, microglia, and astroglia. Further immunolabelling studies confirmed the organisms' intracellular presence primarily in areas of neuropathology in the AD brain. Thus, C. pneumoniae is present, viable, and transcriptionally active in areas of neuropathology in the AD brain, possibly suggesting that infection with the organism is a risk factor for late-onset AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 248 (1974), S. 743-745 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Figure 1 shows the P seismograms (b, e, h] for the event, from Yellowknife, Canada (YKA), Warramunga, Australia (WRA) and Gauribidanur, India (GBA). The YKA and WRA seismograms show two arrivals 7.5 s apart; at WRA the second arrival seems to have reversed polarity relative to P, but the YKA record ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〉 60 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〉 300 mg dm-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〈 1 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〈 15 mg dm-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 117 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The method of smoothing has already been employed to provide estimates of the overall properties of materials containing flat cracks, accurate to second order in the number density of cracks. Results from these calculations have been used to invert data on crustal materials for about a decade now. the analysis is extended here to apply to materials containing inclusions or cavities, modelled as ellipsoids with non-vanishing aspect ratio. As before it is assumed that wavelengths of any radiation field will be large compared with the diameters of the inclusions and with their spacing. the results enable the calculation of the elastic stiffnesses of such a material for either static or dynamic stimulation. the appropriate value of the density in the dynamic equations turns out to be the average density for the material as a whole. the overall stiffnesses depend on the response of a single inclusion and, therefore, on the properties of the inclusion material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 124 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: This paper studies the effect on the overall properties of a cracked solid of the existence of connections between otherwise isolated cracks and of small-scale porosity within the ‘solid’ material. The intention is to provide effective medium models for the calculation of elastic wave propagation with wavelengths greater than the dimensions of the cracks. The method follows that of earlier papers in which the overall elastic properties are directly related to parameters governing the microstructure, such as crack number density and the mean radius and spacing distance of the cracks. Expressions derived by the method of smoothing are evaluated to second order in the number density of cracks, thereby incorporating crack–crack interactions through both the strain field in the solid and the flow field of fluids in the pores.Flow of interstitial liquids tends to weaken the material; the limit of zero flow is equivalent to isolating the cracks and the limit of free flow is equivalent to dry (gas-filled) cracks. It also introduces additional attenuation. The inclusion of small-scale porosity gives a model of ‘equant porosity’ which is more closely constrained by the details of crack dynamics than earlier models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 107 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Small-scale heterogeneity in crustal structure can be very complex and difficult to describe in detail and yet, at the same time, can be very important for the description of, for instance, tectonic stress and porosity. Statistical properties of such heterogeneity can be derived from the properties of waves of relatively large wavelength as they propagate through the crust. The differences between measured wavelengths and attenuation coefficients and those of compact rock and the variations of these quantities in space and time provide, in principle, a means of determining quantities like the density and orientations of microfractures and the nature of crack infill material. The theoretical basis for inferences of this kind is the concept of the ‘effective’ or ‘equivalent’ material based on an averaging process taken over the microstructure. A number of methods have been used to calculate the properties of the effective medium, several of which are described here.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Geophysical journal international 103 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-246X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Because of the zone of damage that is created around an explosion it is unlikely that simple elastic reflection of seismic waves takes place at the free surface, at least for small angles of incidence. Some attempts have been made to simulate the effect on P-wave radiation of the zone of damage but so far the only models used have been acoustic. Here we construct a fully elastic model. The damaged zone is represented in a highly simplified way by a horizontal screen centred on the source, which attenuates signals reflected back from the free surface. P-waveforms are computed for various angles of emergence using the Kirchhoff approximation. Two types of screen are considered: for one—the opaque screen—the downward radiation is reduced to zero over a circular area of radius a, and for the other the radiation at the level of the source is reduced by a factor [1 – exp(–r2/a2)], where r is the distance of a point on the screen from the focus and a is a constant, the scale size of the screen. This model is referred to as the semi-opaque screen.For steep take-off angles the arrivals generated by diffraction by the screen of pP and pS to P, are of significant amplitude relative to P and have negative polarity. For the opaque screen the principal contributions to these arrivals arise from diffraction at the near and far edges of the screen, of rays travelling in the vertical plane containing the focus. As the angle of incidence from source to receiver increases, the contributions from the far edge of the screen become insignificant. In the lit zone the diffraction of pP at the near edge produces arrivals with significant amplitudes and positive polarity for angles near the shadow edge. The change from negative to positive polarity in moving from the shadow zone into the lit is predicted by generalized ray theory. The results for the semi-opaque models are smoothed versions of those obtained for the opaque model.In addition to the impulsive arrivals the computed responses show a positive low-frequency step with an onset around the time of the first diffracted arrival generated by pP.Examples of seismograms computed for the opaque screen model using explosion source functions show some features of observed seismograms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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