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  • 1
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Insel Kahoolawe ist ein ≈ 1.4 bis 1 Ma alter Schildvulkan, der sich aus tholeiitischen Schild-, Kaldera- und Post-Schildlaven, sowie aus alkalibasaltischen und hawaiitischen Post-Schildlaven zusammensetzt. Ein Post-Schildschlot förderte alkalische Laven (K2O 1.1–1.6 Gew.%) mit resorbierten Olivinen, die eine breit gestreute Zusammensetzung zeigen (Kerne, Fo86–71), resorbiertem Na-Plagioklas (An57–30; großteils Andesin) und entwickeltem Klinopyroxen (Mg# 76–71), sowie Orthopyroxen in der Grundmasse (Mg# ≤62). Sie führen auch tholeiitische Gabbro-Xenolithe, die als Suite kontinuierliche Mineralzusammensetzungen zeigen — Klinopyroxen Mg# 83–74, Orthopyroxen Mg# 83–76 und Plagioklas An69–35 (z.B. inklusive Andesin-Gabbro). Die Lavenzusammensetzungen folgen wegen einer Mg-„Anreicherung” (z.B. CaO≈7 Gew.% @ MgO≈6 Gew.%) nicht dem für Hawaii erwarteten Fraktionierungstrend. Diese Ansammlung von Mineral- und Gesteinskomponenten in alkalischen Laven mit scheinbarer Mg-Anreicherung geht auf eine komplexe Entwicklungsgeschichte zurück, die mit einer länger andauern Mischung von primitiven und differentierten tholeiitischen Magmen, wahrscheinlich im Endstadium der Schildbildung, begann. Diese hybriden Magmen kristallisierten Olivin variabler Zusammensetzung, der im Zuge der Reservoir-Auffüllung resorbiert wurde und kristallisierte an den Reservoir-Wändenin situ als Orthopyroxen-führende Gabbros. Als die Magmenproduktionsraten im Übergang vom tholeiitischen Schild- zum alkalischen Post-Schild-Magmatismus geringer wurden, fraktionierten die tholeiitischen Hybride in den Reservoiren und führten zur Bildung von kochentwickelten Phasen, wie Andesin und Klinopyroxen mit Mg# 〈 75. Die Zufuhr von Post-Schildmagmen in die Reservoire verursachte eine alkalisch-tholeiitische Hybridisierung. Die resultierende Mischung von Hawaiit-Tholeiit-Hybriden resorbierte Andesin- und Klinopyroxen-Kristalle und verfrachtete die Gabbro-Xenolithe bei der Eruption. Massenbilanzen weisen darauf hin, daß die alkalisch-tholeiitische Hybridisierung ≈ 44% Hawait, gemischt mit etwa dem gleichen Anteil an tholeiitischem Hybrid (MgO≈29.5 Gew.%) plus Olivin und Andesin, beinhaltete. Diese Art komplexer Hybridisierung ist ein logischer Prozeß von Magmatismus mit tholeiitisch-alkalischem Übergangschemismus und ausklingender Magmenproduktion und dieses Beispiel von Kahoolawe ist das erste, das derartige Mischungsprozesse für Reservoire auf Hawaii dokumentiert.
    Notes: Summary Kahoolawe Island is a ∼ 1.4 to 1 Ma shield volcano composed of shield, caldera-fill, and postshield tholeiitic lavas, and postshield alkalic basalt and hawaiite lavas. One postshield vent erupted alkalic lavas (K2O 1.1–1.6 wt.%) with resorbed olivines of wide compositional range (cores, Fo86–71), resorbed Na-plagioclase (An57–30; largely andesine) and clinopyroxene (evolved; Mg#s 76–71), and groundmass orthopyroxene (Mg# ≤62). They also contain tholeiitic gabbro xenoliths, which, as a suite, have a continuum of mineral compositions — clinopyroxene Mg#s 83–74, orthopyroxene Mg#s 83–76, and plagioclase An69–35 (e.g., includes andesine gabbro). Lava compositions do not fall on expected ‘Hawaiian’ fractionation trends due to MgO ‘enrichment’ (e.g., CaO ∼ 7 wt.% @ MgO ∼6 wt.%). This assortment of mineral and rock components within alkalic lavas with apparent Mg enrichment is owed to a complex history that began with protracted mixing among primitive and differentiated tholeiitic magmas, probably near the end of shield building. These hybrid magmas crystallized a compositional variety of olivines that were resorbed during reservoir replenishments, and also crystallizedin situ to form orthopyroxene-bearing gabbro on reservoir walls. When magma production rates declined during the shield to postshield transition of tholeiitic to alkalic magmatism, the tholeiitic hybrids in reservoirs fractionated to yield highly evolved phases such as andesine and clinopyroxene with Mg# 〈 75. When postshield hawaiite magmas subsequently entered reservoirs, alkalic-tholeiitic hybridization occurred; the resulting `complex' mixture of hawaiite+tholeiitic hybrids resorbed andesine and clinopyroxene crystals and, upon eruption, entrained xenoliths of gabbro. Mass balancing suggests that the alkalic-tholeiitic hybridization involved ∼44% hawaiite mixed with a nearly equal amount of tholeiitic hybrid (MgO ∼9.5 wt.%) plus olivine and andesine. This type of complex hybridization is a logical process for magmatism associated with tholeiitic to alkalic transitions and waning magma production, and this Kahoolawe example is the first to document such mixing in Hawaiian reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Oral ; Stereognosis ; Tooth ; Implant ; Prosthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A stereognostic ability test was performed in 60 patients. Forty patients were rehabilitated by means of osseointegrated implants. One group consisted of 20 patients with fixed prostheses on implants in both the upper and lower jaws. The other 20 patients had a maxillary denture while in the mandible an overdenture was retained by means of two implants connected by a bar. They were compared to a group of 20 subjects (controls) with a non-restored natural dentition. For the stereognostic ability test, subjects had to recognise ten different test pieces by manipulating them with two antagonistic incisor teeth, avoiding any contact with other oral structures. Both response time and percentage accuracy of recognition were evaluated. The present findings indicated that subjects with an overdenture on implants did not score significantly different from those with an implant-supported fixed prosthesis. In contrast, subjects with teeth had a significantly better stereognostic ability. The percentage of correct responses was 52% for overdentures, 56% for fixed prostheses on implants and 75% for natural dentitions. From these results, it could be concluded that the stereognostic ability is impaired in subjects rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants by about one-third to one-quarter compared to subjects with natural teeth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical oral investigations 2 (1998), S. 3-10 
    ISSN: 1436-3771
    Keywords: Key words Stereognosis ; Dental status ; Oral sensory function ; Periodontal mechanoreceptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stereognosis is the ability to recognise and discriminate forms. Oral stereognostic ability has been studied in different reports. The experimental design of the test is of primary importance as both the method used and the material applied may influence the results dramatically. The form, size and surface characteristics of the test piece, the presentation order, subject-related factors and the method of scoring all have their effect on the results. With regard to subject-related factors, ageing has a negative influence on stereognostic ability; gender is considered of no importance. Another influencing factor is dental status. A healthy natural dentition offers a very good oral stereognostic ability. Edentulous subjects usually show a decreased oral stereognostic ability, depending on the rehabilitation form. A number of questions have been addressed, especially with regard to the perception itself. Receptors mainly involved in oral stereognostic ability are located in various oral structures and form perception results from an association of more than one group of receptors. The following review tries to deal with these questions and attempts to provide clear guidelines for further research on oral stereognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 12 (1999), S. 83-91 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Kidney preservation ; Viability testing ; Ischemia ; Non-heart-beating donor ; Heart-beating donor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract For the past decades, severe hypothermia has represented the foundation of organ preservation in clinical transplantation. Beneficial as hypothermia has proven to be in preserving grafts from heart-beating donors, hypothermia does not seem to provide the window necessary for the prospective evaluation of organ function. With the increasing use of non-heart-beating donors, it is logical to propose that if organs are to be evaluated prospectively, it will be necessary to preserve them at warmer temperatures. Since both glomerular and tubular functions are inhibited at temperatures below 18 °C, such a goal will necessitate organ preservation at a temperature above 20 °C. The principle of preservation at warmer temperatures is not new, but with future developments and approaches, successful realization appears within reach. In this overview, a brief history of previous attempts at warm preservation, in the context of the current status of kidney preservation, is presented. Future developments and approaches, with the potential for prospective testing of the function and enhanced resistance to ischemic damage, will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 3 (1999), S. 51-58 
    ISSN: 1573-3637
    Keywords: Cost effectiveness ; outcomes research ; hepatitis A ; vaccination ; decision analysis ; disease prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To estimate costs and benefits of vaccinating young homosexual men against hepatitis A. Design and setting: A decision-analytic model was used to assess vaccination from the societal perspective. Effects of vaccination at age 20 were modeled through each person's lifetime, with costs discounted at 3% annually. Intervention: Two doses of formalin-inactivated vaccine (Havrix, Smithkline Beecham Pharmaceuticals) administered by intramuscular injection 6–12 months apart. Results: Vaccination of 10,000 men would cost $959,000. Over the lifetimes of cohort members, hepatitis A-related hospitalizations would decline from 366 to 76, and treatment costs would decline from $2,577,000 to $363,000. Treatment cost reduction would fully offset vaccination costs within 10 years. Productivity losses associated with hepatitis A morbidity, primarily work absenteeism, would decline by $5,231,000. Vaccination would prevent an estimated 8.6 premature deaths, saving 213 life-years and $2,836,000 in mortality-related productivity losses. Results are only modestly affected when model assumptions are varied within plausible ranges. Conclusions: Hepatitis A vaccine provides improved patient outcomes and cost reduction. From a societal perspective, vaccination provides $10.72 in economic benefits for every $1 spent on vaccination. Physicians should counsel homosexual men to be vaccinated against hepatitis A. Health insurers would find it in their own financial interest to cover vaccination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 234-245 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: phosphorus removal, biological ; metabolic model ; polyphosphate ; PHB, ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A metabolic model of the biological phosphorus removal process has been developed and validated previously for complex conversions during the process under anaerobic and aerobic conditions at different growth rates in sequencing batch reactors in steady state. For additional validation of the metabolic model, the model was applied to the dynamic conditions which occur during the start-up phase of the biological P removal in the presence and absence of non-polyP heterotrophic microorganisms. In a laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor, experiments were performed to examine the enrichment of the population with polyphosphate organisms during the start-up and the subsequent shift from non-polyP, heterotrophic organisms to polyP organisms in the sludge. The effect of different influent loading patterns for acetate and phosphate was studied. In these experiments, the maximal growth rate of the polyP organisms and the behavior of the internal storage compounds could be derived. The metabolic model was capable of describing the experimental results, without the need to adjust the kinetic or stoichiometric parameters obtained under steady state conditions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Key words Adrenocorticotrophin ; Cortisol ; Catecholamines ; Propranolol ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the mechanisms of stress-induced alterations in adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) release. Tandem parachutists received either a placebo or the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol prior to a first time parachute jump. Blood samples were drawn 4 h before, immediately after, and 1 h after the jump. Cortisol and catecholamine concentrations displayed a significant stress-induced increase in both groups. The ACTH plasma concentrations significantly increased in the placebo and the propranolol group, with significantly more pronounced changes in the propranolol-treated subjects compared to the placebo group. These data demonstrated a stress-induced increase of ACTH plasma concentrations in humans that was enhanced by β-blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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