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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Prevalence of childhood asthma based on questionnaires and methacholine bronchial provocation test in Korea (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background In most epidemiological survey studies, only subjective symptoms and past medical history of asthma have been used as diagnostic criteria. Even though a questionnaire survey can be performed in a large population study at low cost, limitations such as lack of objectivity and poor predictability in non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness cannot be avoided.Objectives The purpose of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of current asthma based on questionnaires and methacholine bronchial provocation test, and the prevalence of atopy in Korea.Methods We performed modified ATS respiratory questionnaires and allergen skin-prick test with 10 common inhalant allergens among 3219 subjects aged 7–19 years in Seoul and a rural part of a small city, Chungju in Korea. Methacholine bronchial provocation tests were also performed among those who had asthma symptoms according to the questionnaire. The criteria of asthma was presence of both asthma symptoms and non-specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Atopy was defined as when an allergen induced weal size is same or larger than that caused by histamine.Results The prevalence of asthma based on questionnaires and methacholine bronchial provocation tests was 4.6%, while the prevalence of wheeze was 8.2% and 19.3% of total population complained of one or more respiratory symptoms related to asthma on the questionnaires. There was no significant difference according to age, sex and living area. The mean prevalence of atopy was 35.0% and the most common allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (30.9%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (27.5%), cat fur (20.4%) and cockroach (11.8%). The atopy prevalence in Chungju area was higher than that in Seoul and males showed a higher prevalence than females. The asthma prevalence was higher among atopies (6.8%) than among non-atopies (2.7%). None of questionnaire items were enough to predict the presence of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in terms of sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value.Conclusion The prevalence rate of current asthma in Korea was 4.6% and the prevalence rate of atopy in Korea was 35.0%. Questionnaire-based surveys are not enough to predict the actual prevalence of asthma.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1997.710839.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Postadministration of oral contrast material for abdominal CT in patients with gastrectomy: modified drip ingestion method (1999)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 24 (1999), S. 223-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: CT, abdomen—Contrast agent, administration—Gastrointestinal tract.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We introduce the modified drip ingestion method (MDIM) of administering oral contrast material for abdominal computed tomography (CT) in patients after gastrectomy. MDIM consists of the drip ingestion method, which we have recently reported, with additional ingestion of effervescent agent. MDIM in abdominal CT is a useful technique to improve the degree of distention of the gastrointestinal lumen including anastomotic sites in patients after gastrectomy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002619900484
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scattered and recoiled ion fractions from LiTaO3(100) surfaces with different electrical properties (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 2720-2725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS) was used to investigate the scattered and recoiled ion fractions from 3 keV Ar+ ion beams on LiTaO3(100) single crystals. The TOF-SARS measurements were found to be sensitive to the electrical properties of the crystal. ac impedance measurements of the electrical conductivity showed that LiTaO3 is an insulator at room temperature and that its conductivity increases by ∼103 at temperatures in the range 100–200 °C. This increase in conductivity could be monitored in TOF-SARS by measuring the current through the crystal induced by the impinging Ar+ ions as a function of temperature. The activation energy for this transition was estimated from both the impedance and scattering measurements to be ∼1 eV. Azimuthal anisotropy of the scattered Ar+ ions from Ta atoms was observed at room temperature but not at elevated temperatures. Scattered Ar+ ion fraction measurements showed that scattered Ar+ ions are enhanced by charge buildup on the LiTaO3 surface, whereas recoiled ions are not affected. The effects of surface charging phenomena on TOF-SARS could be eliminated by either heating the LiTaO3 crystal to ∼200 °C or by application of a low energy electron beam to the crystal surface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.479548
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Giant magnetoresistance and high sensitivity in annealed NiFeCo/Ag multilayers : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5584-5586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report giant magnetoresistance in annealed NiFeCo (2 nm)/Ag (3.3 nm) multilayers. For all samples, post-deposition annealing was necessary for the observation of GMR analogous to the NiFe/Ag discontinuous multilayer system. The GMR ratio and field sensitivity varied widely as a function of annealing from temperatures between 300 and 400 °C. A high MR ratio of 6.3% and field sensitivity of 11.3%/(kA/m) (0.9%/Oe) were observed for a seven bilayer sample annealed to 350 °C. In general, NiFeCo/Ag multilayers produced greater MR responses and field sensitivities than comparably annealed NiFe/Ag multilayers. NiFeCo/Ag multilayers, however, display more hysteresis than NiFe/Ag multilayers and lack a zero-crossing saturation magnetostriction versus annealing temperature. Multilayer deposition in a magnetic field severely degrades MR performance since it prevents the magnetostatic antiparallel alignment between magnetic grains which occurs in the absence of an applied magnetic field following sample annealing. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362249
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modeling effects of temperature annealing on giant magnetoresistive response in discontinuous multilayer NiFe/Ag films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5596-5598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The giant magnetoresistive (GMR) behaviors of discontinuous double-layer giant magnetoresistive films with different microstructure arising from different annealing conditions, are calculated using a numerical micromagnetic model. The effect of magnetic grain growths in the perpendicular and lateral directions in the magnetic layers, and the formation and growth of grain clusters were studied. The GMR responses of the films are analyzed in terms of magnetostatic interactions between the magnetic layers and the microstructural geometric effects on the transport properties of the samples. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362253
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Simulating device size effects on magnetization pinning mechanisms in spin valves : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 6386-6388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The effects of magnetostatic interactions on the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) response of NiFe/Cu/NiFe spin valves are studied using an analytical model. The model is applicable to devices small enough for the magnetic layers to exhibit single-domain behavior. Devices having lengths in the track-width direction of 10 μm and interlayer separations of 4.5 nm are studied. Stripe heights are varied from 0.5 to 2 μm. The magnetization of one magnetic layer is pinned by a transverse pinning field that is varied from 0 to 24 kA/m (300 Oe). GMR curves for transverse fields are calculated. At zero external field the magnetization of the layers shows a tendency to align themselves antiparallel in the transverse direction. This results in an offset from the ideal biasing of the device. Broadening of the curves due to shape anisotropy occurs with decreasing stripe height and increasing magnetic layer thickness, and the magnetization in the pinned layer becomes less stable. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362692
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Molecular motions and ordering of the interfacial, droplet and binder regions of polymer dispersed liquid crystal displays: A paramagnetic resonance spin probe study (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1914-1922 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The molecular dynamics and ordering of polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal displays are studied using the technique of paramagnetic resonance of spin probes. A complex spectrum is observed in which components are identified from probes dissolved in the droplet, binder, and interfacial regions of the display. In particular, the liquid-crystal curing, phase separation, and structure of displays with both thermoplastic and epoxy binders are investigated. Observations are also performed as the liquid-crystal droplet size is varied. Among the more interesting results is the demonstrated ability to observe the interfacial region. It appears to be quite fluid and has little or no average order. It is also observed that the compatibility between the binder and liquid crystal, seen from some of the formulations studied, correlates with the reported electro-optical properties. These include the magnitude and hysteresis of switching voltages and the magnitudes of switching times. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358823
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and microstructure of epitaxial Cu(001) films grown by primary ion deposition on Si and Ge substrates (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 6699-6705 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A low-energy, high-brightness, broad beam Cu ion source is used to study the effects of self-ion energy Ei on the deposition of epitaxial Cu films in ultrahigh vacuum. Atomically flat Ge(001) and Si(001) substrates are verified by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) prior to deposition of 300 nm Cu films with Ei ranging from 20 to 100 eV. Film microstructure, texture, and morphology are characterized using x-ray diffraction ω-rocking curves, pole figure analyses, and STM. Primary ion deposition produces significant improvements in both the surface morphology and mosaic spread of the films: At Ei〉37 eV the surface roughness decreases by nearly a factor of 2 relative to evaporated Cu films, and at Ei(approximately-equal-to)35 eV the mosaic spread of Cu films grown on Si substrates is only (approximately-equal-to)2°, nearly a factor of 2 smaller than that of evaporated Cu. During deposition with Ei(approximately-equal-to)25 eV on Ge substrates, the film coherently relaxes the 10% misfit strain by formation of a tilt boundary which is fourfold symmetric toward 〈111〉. The films have essentially bulk resistivity with ρ=1.9±0.1 μΩ cm at room temperature but the residual resistance at 10 K, ρ0, shows a broad maximum as a function of Ei, e.g., at Ei(approximately-equal-to)30 eV, ρ0=0.5 μΩ cm. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363795
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Crystallographic and magnetic properties of NdFe10.7TiM0.3(M=B, Ti) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5516-5518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: NdFe10.7TiM0.3(M=B, Ti) has been studied with x-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. The alloys were prepared by arc-melting under an argon atmosphere. The NdFe10.7TiB0.3 exhibits a pure single phase, whereas the NdFe10.7Ti1.3 contains some α-Fe, from x-ray and Mössbauer measurements. The NdFe10.7TiB0.3 has the ThMn12-type tetragonal structure with a0=8.587 A(ring) and c0=4.788 A(ring). The Curie temperature (TC) is 570 K from Mössbauer spectroscopy performed at various temperatures ranging from 13 to 770 K. Each spectrum below TC was fitted with five subspectra of Fe sites in the structure (8i1, 8i2, 8j1, 8j2, and 8f ). The area fraction of the subspectra at room temperature are 16.4%, 8.2%, 14.8%, 21.3%, and 39.3%, respectively. Magnetic hyperfine fields for the Fe sites decrease on the order of Hhf(8i)(approximately-greater-than)Hhf(8j)(approximately-greater-than)Hhf(8f ). The average hyperfine field Hhf(T) of the NdFe10.7TiB0.3 shows a temperature dependence of [Hhf(T)−Hhf(O)]/Hhf(O)=−0.39(T/TC)3/2 & −0.17(T/TC)5/2 for T/TC〈0.7, indicative of spin-wave excitation. Annealing the alloy at around TC for 60 min resulted in a two phase microstructure consisting of a ThMn12-type structure and α-Fe. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361851
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photoresponse of a YBa2Cu3Ox grain-boundary junction (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3770-3773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The photoresponse of a YBa2Cu3Ox grain-boundary junction has been measured as a function of chopping frequency and bias current in a temperature range of 2 K≤T≤70 K. The response was found to be mostly bolometric, but a nonbolometriclike component was also identified, which appeared as a chopping-frequency independent signal while immersing the sample in the superfluid helium. The bias-current dependence of the response showed a peak at a current corresponding to the critical current of the junction, and the peak values remained constant for 30 K≤T≤70 K. However, below 15 K the peak of the photoresponse increased very sharply with decreasing temperature following a 1/T3 dependence, consistent with the temperature dependence of the thermal boundary resistance between the film and the substrate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361380
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