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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 101 (1979), S. 5863-5864 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We compared the moisture sorption isotherms (MSI's) and their temperature dependence of composite foods with those of crust and filling. The MSI were determined on cracker, cookie, chocolate, and two types of composite foods such as CFI (cracker/chocolate/cracker) and CF2 (cookie/chocolate/cookie) at 20,30, and 40°C and 11–85% relative humidity, and fitted into the Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) equation. Chocolate had the lowest monolayer (mo) value, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and sorption energy levels, followed by cookie and cracker. The CFI had higher EMC values and sorption energy than CF2. The GAB mo values and C1 values decreased with temperature, while C2 values increased with temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1017-1028 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The mechanism of controlling electron temperature with grid-biased voltage is studied experimentally and the relevant physics is discussed in an inductively coupled Ar discharge. To obtain the electron density and electron temperature, the electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs) are measured with a Langmuir probe. As the grid voltage decreases negatively, the effective electron temperature is controlled from 2.0 to 0.6 eV and the electron density changes from 3×1010 to 2×1010 cm−3 in the diffusion region, while the effective electron temperature and electron density are not changed in the source region. The dependence of such various parameters, as electron density, electron temperature, plasma potential in each region, and so on, on the applied voltage, is presented. The functional relations between the measured physical quantities are well explained based on a global particle and energy balance relations. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 2720-2725 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS) was used to investigate the scattered and recoiled ion fractions from 3 keV Ar+ ion beams on LiTaO3(100) single crystals. The TOF-SARS measurements were found to be sensitive to the electrical properties of the crystal. ac impedance measurements of the electrical conductivity showed that LiTaO3 is an insulator at room temperature and that its conductivity increases by ∼103 at temperatures in the range 100–200 °C. This increase in conductivity could be monitored in TOF-SARS by measuring the current through the crystal induced by the impinging Ar+ ions as a function of temperature. The activation energy for this transition was estimated from both the impedance and scattering measurements to be ∼1 eV. Azimuthal anisotropy of the scattered Ar+ ions from Ta atoms was observed at room temperature but not at elevated temperatures. Scattered Ar+ ion fraction measurements showed that scattered Ar+ ions are enhanced by charge buildup on the LiTaO3 surface, whereas recoiled ions are not affected. The effects of surface charging phenomena on TOF-SARS could be eliminated by either heating the LiTaO3 crystal to ∼200 °C or by application of a low energy electron beam to the crystal surface. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2926-2935 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A one-dimensional analysis of electron heating process in a weakly magnetized, inductively coupled plasma (MICP) is presented. It is found that the main difference in the heating process of a MICP from that of a usual unmagnetized ICP is in that circularly polarized wave modes can exist in the plasma. The right handed circularly polarized wave (R-wave) can propagate into the plasma and its amplitude can be enhanced by cavity resonance effect at an appropriate chamber length and external magnetic field strength. The enhanced R-wave amplitude can raise the heating efficiency significantly. It is also found that a bounce cyclotron-resonance effect can exist, which, however, is not as significant as the cavity resonance effect. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A systematic study of the effect of sputtering conditions, for each layer of the magneto-optical SiN 500 A(ring)/TbFeCo 200 A(ring)/SiN 200 A(ring)/Al 600 A(ring) disks, such as power and Ar gas flow rate on the noise levels (NL) and carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) was performed for the 532 nm high density storage media in this work. The NL dropped to its minimum value of −71.3 dB as the sputtering power for the first SiN increased from 0.5 to 1.5 kW. With a further increase in sputtering power to 2.5 kW, it sharply increased to −64.5 dB. This was ascribed to the smooth and dense surface of the first layer at 1.5 kW, as was observed in the atomic forces microscopy images. The spherical, isotropic, fine grains with a diameter of about 0.2–0.7 μm at 1.5 kW were found, while the longitudinal, directional granular features with a length of 2.5 μm were seen at 2.5 kW. The highest CNR of 46.3 dB was observed at 0.6 kW with a constant sputtering Ar gas flow rate of 25 sccm for the magneto-optical layer. The sputtering conditions for other layers are as follows: 1.5 kW with sputter Ar/N2 gas flow rate of 30 sccm/11 sccm for the first and third SiN layer, and 0.6 kW with 25 sccm of Ar for the Al reflection layer. This is due to the smooth surface morphologies of the magneto-optical layer at this optimum sputtering pressure, as previously reported in similar research. To obtain a high readout signal, the phase compensation for the elliptic laser beam has been considered. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 9574-9582 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chemisorption site of the simplest prototypical model alkanethiol compound, methanethiol [CH3SH], on a Pt{111} surface in the temperature range 298–1073 K has been investigated by means of time-of-flight scattering and recoiling spectrometry (TOF-SARS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). TOF-SARS spectra of the scattered and recoiled ions plus fast neutrals were collected as a function of crystal azimuthal rotation angle δ and beam incident angle α using 4 keV Ar+ primary ions. At room temperature, the adsorption of methanethiol produces a partially disordered overlayer that gives rise to a diffuse (3×3)R30° LEED pattern and three-fold symmetry in the scattering profiles. Heating this surface layer results in the sequential dehydrogenation of the methanethiol and the formation of S–C species at elevated temperatures. By ∼373 K, hydrogen is absent from the TOF-SARS spectra and a sharp (3×3)R30° LEED pattern is observed. The model developed from the scattering data is consistent with the preservation of the adsorption site at elevated temperatures, but a change in the S–C bond angle with respect to the surface plane. For the fully dehydrogenated species, the S atoms reside ∼1.6±0.2 Å above the surface in face-centered-cubic (fcc) three-fold sites and the C atoms reside ∼1.5±0.4 Å in hexagonal-close-packed (hcp) three-fold sites. It is proposed that the remarkable stability of this SC adsorbate results from bonding of both the S and C atoms to the surrounding Pt atoms, i.e., a Pt-stabilized SC moiety. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and objective Persistent asthma symptoms are associated with airway inflammation and remodeling, which may be mediated through metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). The aim of this study was to evaluate MMPs and TIMP involvement in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma.Materials and method Induced sputum was collected in eight newly diagnosed TDI-induced asthma subjects (group I) before and 7 h after the TDI and placebo challenges and in 12 subjects with TDI-induced occupational asthma diagnosed 5 years previously with persistent asthma symptoms (group II). Sera was collected in group I at diagnosis, and in group II, they were collected at the time of the study. 12 nonasthmatic healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. MMP-9, MMP-2 and TIMP-1 levels in both sputum and serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Gelatinase activity in the sputum was confirmed by zymographic analysis.Results The serum TIMP-1 level was significantly higher in asthma patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.01), while MMP-9 level was significantly lower in asthmatic patients (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in MMP-2 level (P = 0.27). MMP-9 level in the sputum was significantly increased after the TDI challenges (P = 0.01). TIMP-1 level in sputum tended to increase after TDI challenges, but no statistical significance was noted (P = 0.09). MMP-9 and MMP-9/TIMP-1 levels in the sputum were significantly higher in group II than in group I (P = 0.04, P = 0.02) with no significant difference in TIMP-1 level. Minimal amount of MMP-2 was found in sputum. Zymography demonstrated that MMP-9 level increased and active form of MMP-9 was generated after the TDI bronchoprovocation test.Conclusion TDI exposure leads to overproduction of MMP-9, which may induce airway inflammation and remodeling, and then contribute to persistent asthmatic symptoms in TDI-induced asthma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Our previous study reported that more than 50% of toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma patients had persistent asthmatic symptoms even after complete avoidance. Although specific IgE (sIgE) has been detected in a portion of patients with TDI-asthma, a recent investigation suggests that the presence of serum specific IgG (sIgG), not sIgE, is more closely associated with positive bronchoprovocation test (BPT) results.Objective To evaluate the possible role of sIgE and sIgG in predicting long-term prognosis of TDI-asthma.Materials and methods Forty-one TDI-asthma patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by TDI-BPT, and 20 unexposed healthy controls were enrolled. Both sIgE and sIgG to TDI-human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate were detected by ELISA. All patients with persistent asthmatic symptoms took anti-asthmatic medications during the follow-up period (mean: 67.5 months) and were instructed to avoid exposure to TDI. Airway hyper-responsiveness to methacholine (AHM) was monitored every year during the study period. The patients were classified into three groups according to changing patterns of AHM and asthmatic symptoms as follows: group I, no improvement with persistent asthmatic symptoms (n = 12); group II, partial improvement with persistent asthmatic symptoms (n = 13); group III, in remission (n = 16).Results Favourable prognosis was associated with a mild degree of AHM at initial diagnosis (P 〈 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in the prevalence of sIgE antibody to TDI-HSA conjugate among the three groups (P 〉 0.05), prevalence of sIgG in group I tended to be higher than in group II (0.05 〈 P 〈 0.1). However, the levels of sIgG were significantly higher in group I than in group II (P = 0.05), whereas levels of sIgE were significantly higher in group II than in group I (P = 0.014). No significant differences were noted in exposure duration, sex, age, atopic status, and total IgE level among the three groups (P 〉 0.05).Conclusion This study confirmed that a favourable outcome is related to a mild degree of AHM and to low levels of sIgG to predict persistent asthmatic symptoms, it also suggested that the presence of high serum-specific IgE at initial diagnosis may represent a better prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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